Pervasive poleward shifts among North American bird species

REFERENCES

• Archaux , F. 2004 . Breeding upwards when climate is becoming warmer: no bird response in the French Alps . Ibis , 146 : 138 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• BBS . 2006 . North American Breeding Bird Survey , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Geological Survey . http://www.mp2-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. H. and Lomolino , M. V. 1998 . Biogeography , Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , G. S. and Niven , D. K. 2007 . Combining data from the Christmas Bird Count and the Breeding Bird Survey to determine the continental status and trends of North American birds , New York : National Audubon Society . http://stateofthebirds.audubon.org/cbid/content/Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , G. S. , Niven , D. K. , Panjabi , A. O. , Pashley , D. N. and Rosenberg , K. V. 2007 . The 2007 WatchList for United States birds . American Birds , 2007 : 18 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapin , F. S. I. , Zavaleta , E. S. , Eviner , V. T. , Naylor , R. L. , Vitousek , P. M. , Reynolds , H. L. , Hooper , D. U. , Lavorel , S. , Sala , O. E. , Hobbie , S. E. , Mack , M. C. and Diaz , S. 2000 . Consequences of changing biodiversity . Nature , 405 : 234 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conti Nunes , M. F. , Galetti , M. , Marsden , S. , Pereira , R. S. and Peterson , A. T. 2007 . Are large-scale distributional shifts of the Blue-winged Macaw (Primolius maracana) related to climate change? . Journal of Biogeography , 34 : 816 – 827 .
   Google Scholar
• Cresswell , W. and McCleery , R. 2003 . How great tits maintain synchronization of their hatch date with food supply in response to longterm variability in temperature . Journal of Animal Ecology , 72 : 356 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crozier , L. 2003 . Winter warming facilitates range expansion: cold tolerance of the butterfly Atalopedes campestris . Oecologia , 135 : 648 – 656 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , A. , Jolly , A. and Rubenstein , D. 1989 . The Greenhouse Effect and biological diversity . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 4 : 64 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Grinnell , J. 1917 . Field tests of theories concerning distributional control . American Naturalist , 51 : 115 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Grinnell , J. 1924 . Geography and evolution . Ecology , 5 : 225 – 229 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamel , P. B. 2000 . Cerulean Warbler Status Assessment , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service .
   Google Scholar
• Hannah , L. , Midgley , G. , Andelman , S. , Araújo , M. , Hughes , G. , Martinez–Meyer , E. , Pearson , R. and Williams , P. 2007 . Protected area needs in a changing climate . Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , 5 : 131 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt , R. D. 1990 . The microevolutionary consequences of climate change . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 5 : 311 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , W. C. , Buehler , D. A. , Canterbury , R. A. , Confer , J. L. and Hamel , P. B. 2001 . Conservation of disturbance-dependent birds in eastern North America . Wildlife Society Bulletin , 29 : 440 – 455 .
   Google Scholar
• Huntley , B. , Green , R. E. , Collingham , Y. C. and Willis , S. G. 2007 . A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds , Madrid : Lynx Editions .
   Google Scholar
• Inouye , D. W. , Barr , B. , Armitage , K. B. and Inouye , B. D. 2000 . Climate change is affecting altitudinal migrants and hibernating species . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 97 : 1630 – 1633 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC . 2007 . Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lovejoy , T. E. and Hannah , L. , eds. 2005 . Climate Change and Biodiversity , New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nakazawa , Y. , Williams , R. , Peterson , A. T. , Mead , P. , Staples , E. and Gage , K. L. 2007 . Climate change effects on plague and tularemia in the United States . Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , 7 : 529 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papeş , M. 2006 . Ecological niche modeling approaches to conservation of endangered and threatened birds of Central and Eastern Europe . Biodiversity Informatics , 4 : 14 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Parmesan , C. 1996 . Climate and species' range . Nature , 382 : 765 – 766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parmesan , C. , Ryrholm , N. , Stefanescu , C. , Hill , J. K. , Thomas , C. D. , Descimon , H. , Huntley , B. , Kaila , L. , Kullberg , J. , Tammaru , T. , Tennent , J. , Thomas , J. A. and Warren , M. 1999 . Poleward shift of butterfly species' ranges associated with regional warming . Nature , 399 : 579 – 583 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parmesan , C. and Yohe , G. 2003 . A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems . Nature , 421 : 37 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfors , T. , Harte , J. and Alter , S. E. 2003 . Enhanced growth of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in response to manipulated ecosystem warming . Global Change Biology , 9 : 736 – 742 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , R. L. and Darling , J. D. S. 1985 . The Greenhouse Effect and nature reserves . BioScience , 35 : 707 – 717 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , A. T. 2003 . Subtle recent distributional shifts in Great Plains endemic bird species . Southwestern Naturalist , 48 : 289 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins , C. S. , Sauer , J. R. , Greenberg , R. S. and Droege , S. 1989 . Population declines in North American birds that migrate to the Neotropics . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 86 : 7658 – 7662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Root , T. L. , Price , J. T. , Hall , K. R. , Schneider , S. H. , Rosenzweig , C. and Pounds , J. A. 2003 . Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants . Nature , 421 : 57 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser , M. E. , van Noordwijk , A. J. , Tinbergen , J. M. and Lessells , C. M. 1998 . Warmer springs lead to mistimed reproduction in great tits (Parus major . Proceedings of the Royal Society , B 265 : 1867 – 1870 .
   Google Scholar
• Walther , G.-R. , Post , E. , Convey , P. , Menzel , A. , Parmesan , C. , Beebee , T. J. C. , Fromentin , J.-M. , Hoegh-Guldberg and Bairlein , F. 2002 . Ecological responses to recent climate change . Nature , 416 : 389 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar