114
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Managing climate change effects on relic forest ecosystems: A program for Lebanese Cedar

&
Pages 122-130 | Published online: 12 Dec 2011

REFERENCES

  • Abboud , M. and Khater , C. 2007 . Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve: Management Plan. 2008–2012 , 180 Lebanon : UNEP/AUB/MOE .
  • Abdo , C. , Nemer , N. , Nemer , G. , Abou Jawdah , Y. , Atamian , H. and Kawar , N. 2008 . Isolation of Beauveria species from Lebanon and evaluation of its efficacy against the Cedar web-spinning sawfly, Cephalcia tannourinensis . BioControl , 53 : 341 – 352 .
  • Abi-Said , M. 2006 . Tannourine Mammals Report , 38 Lebanon : TCFNR/MOE/AUB .
  • ARocha . 2005 . Tannourine Birds Report , 58 Lebanon : TCFNR/MOE/AUB .
  • Alptekin , C. U. , Bariteau , M. and Fabre , J. P. 1997 . Le cèdre de Turquie: Aire naturelle, insects ravageurs, perspectives d'utilisation pour les reboisements en France . Biologie et Forêt , 49 : 19 – 31 .
  • 1999 . “ Lebanon's First National Communication Report ” . In Climate Change Enabling Activity Project Phase 1997–1999. URL: http://www.moe.gov.lb/ClimateChange/phase1.htmll.GEF/UNDP/MOELebanon. [Accessed March 2008] Anonymous
  • Ayres , M. P. 1993 . “ Plant defense, herbivory, and climate chnage ” . In Biotic Interactions and Global change , Edited by: Kareiva , P. M. , Kingsolver , J. G. and Huey , R. B. 75 – 94 . Sunderland, MA, , USA : Sinauer Associates Inc .
  • Baede , A. P. M. , Alhonsou , E. , Ding , Y. and Schimel , D. 2001 . The climate system: an overview . In Climate Change , 2001
  • Baltaxe , R. 1965 . “ Projet de bonification intégrale de la Montagne Libanaise ” . In Report on mapping the forests of Lebanon , Lebanon : FAO and Green Plan .
  • Bariteau , M. and Ferrandes , P. 1992 . “ Les Cèdres ” . In Amelioration des espèces végétales cultivées: Objectifs et critères de selection , Edited by: Gallais , A. and Bannerot , H. France : INRA .
  • Bariteau , M. , Panestos , K. P. , M'Hirit , O. and Scaltsoyiannes , A. 1999 . Variabilité Génétique du Cèdre de l'Atlas en comparaison avec les autres cèdres Mediterranéens . Forêt Mediterranéenne , 20 : 175 – 190 .
  • Barrow , E. , Semenov , M. A. and Hulme , M. 1995 . “ Construction of sitespecific scenarios ” . In Climate Change and Agriculture in Europe , Edited by: Harrison , R. A. , Butterfield , R. E. and Downing , T. E. 30 – 50 . Oxford : Assesment of Impacts and Adaptations . Research Report No. 9
  • Battisti , A. 1993 . Bionomics of the srpuce web-spinning sawfly Cephalcia arvensis Panzer in Northeastern Italy (Hym., Pamphiliidae) . Journal of Applied Entomology , 117 : 165 – 181 .
  • Battisti , A. 1994 . Voltinism and diapause in the spruce web-spinning sawfly Cephalcia arvensis. . Entomologia Experimentalis et Apllicata , 70 : 105 – 113 .
  • Basbous , M. and De Tarade , R. 1968 . Notes sur l'écologie du cèdre du Liban , Beyrouth : Publications de l'Univeristé Libanaise .
  • Battisti , A. , Stastny , M. , Netherer , S. , Robinet , C. , Schopf , A. , Roques , A. and Larsson , S. 2005 . Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures . Ecological Applications , 15 : 2084 – 2096 .
  • Beals , E. W. 1965 . The remnant Cedar forests of Lebanon . Journal of Ecology , 53 : 679 – 694 .
  • British Columbia . 2008 . Assessing effectiveness of management URL:http://www.forestbiodiversityinbc.ca/manage_steps_assess.asp[Accessed Sept, 2008]
  • Browicz , K. 1982 . Chorology of trees and shrubs in South-West Asia and adjacent Regions , Vol. I , Polish Scientific Publishers, USSR .
  • Chevin , H. 2002 . Cephalcia tannourinensis n. sp., nouveau ravageur du Cèdre du Liban (Hymenoptères Pamphiliidae) . L'Entomologiste , 58 : 241 – 242 .
  • Dale , V. H. , Joyce , L. A. , McNulty , S. , Neilson , R. P. , Ayres , M. P. , Flannigan , M. D. , Hanson , P. J. , Irland , L. C. , Lugo , A. E. , Peterson , C. J. , Simberloff , D. , Swanson , F. J. , Stocks , B. J. and Wotton , B. M. 2001 . Climate change and forest disturbance . BioScience , 51 : 723 – 734 .
  • De Vaumas , E. 1954 . Le Liban: Montagne Libanaise, Bekaa, Anti-Liban, Hermon, Haute Galilée Libanaise. Etude de géographie physique , Paris. France : FIRMIN-DIDOT .
  • FüZhrer , E and Fischer , P. 1991 . Towards integrated control of Cephalcia abietis, a defoliator of Norway spruce in central Europe . For. Ecol. Manage. , 39 : 87 – 95 .
  • Guinet , J.-M. 2003 . Cephalcia pallidula (Gussakovskij) (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), symphyte nouveau pour la faune du Luxembourg . Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. , 103 : 83 – 86 .
  • Hilton-Taylor , C. 2000 . 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , 36 Gland, , Switzerland : IUCN .
  • Hodar , J. A. and Zamora , R. 2004 . Herbivory and climatic warming: a Mediterranean outbreaking caterpillar attacks a relict, boreal pine species . Biodiversity and Conservation , 13 : 493 – 500 .
  • Hooker , R. 1996 . Mesopotamia. Gilgamesh , World Civilizations . URL: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/GILG.HTM[May 21,2008]
  • Karas , J. H. W. 1999 . Climate Change and the Mediterranean Region URL:http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/climatechange-and-the-mediter[Accessed September 2, 2008]
  • Karban , R. and Strauss , S. Y. 2004 . Physiological tolerance, climate change, and a northward range shift in the spittle bug . Philaenus spumarius. Ecological Entomology , 29 : 251 – 254 .
  • Khouzami , M. and Nahal , I. 1983 . Les bioclimats du Cèdre du Liban (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) et leurs particularités dans son aire naturelle . Research Journal of Aleppo University Agricultural Sciences , 5 : 39 – 62 .
  • Khouzami , M. , Bassil , M. , Fortunat , L. and Hayek , A. 1996 . Étude de la diversité biologique du liban. Liste des espèces basée sur les rapports de l'Étude de la diversité biologique du Liban , Liban : Ministère de l'Agriculture et Programme des Nations Unies pour l'Environnement .
  • Martineck , V. 1991 . An outbreak of the web-spinning sawfly Cephalcia arvensis Panz. In Eastern Bohemia . Lesnictivi , 37 : 541 – 567 .
  • McCune , B. , Dey , J. and Peck , J. 1997 . Regional gradients in lichen communities of the southeast United States . Bryologist , 100 : 145 – 158 .
  • McNulty , S. G. and Aber , J. D. 2001 . US national climate change assessment on forest ecosystems: An introduction . Bioscience , 51 ( 9 ) : 720 – 722 .
  • Meiggs , R. 1998 . Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World , 598 UK : Oxford University Press .
  • Mhanna , M. 2007 . Modeling temperature trends and extremes : Beirut region as a case study , M.Sc. dissertation 164 American University of Beirut .
  • Mikesell , M. W. 1969 . The deforestation of Mount Lebanon . Geographical Review , 19 : 1 – 28 .
  • Mouterde , P. 1966 . Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie , Vol. I-II-III , Beyrouth. Liban : Editions de l'imprimerie catholique .
  • Nemer , N. , Demolin , G. , Kawar , N. , Kfoury , L. and Zakhour , E. 2005 . “ Monitoring of the new Cedar web-spinning sawfly, Cephalcia tannourinensis n.sp. in Cedar forests of Lebanon ” . In Entomological Research in Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems , Edited by: Lieutier , F. and Ghaioule , D. 247 – 255 . France : INRA .
  • Nemer , N. , Kawar , N. S. , Kfoury , L. and Frerot , B. 2007 . Evidence of sexual attraction by pheromones in the Cedar web-spinning sawfly . Canadian Entomologist , 139 : 713 – 721 .
  • Nemer , N. and Nasr , J. 2004 . Saving the Cedars of Lebanon . Biocontrol News and Information , 25 : 9 – 11 .
  • Noss , R. F. and Cooperrider , A. Y. 1994 . Saving Nature's Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity , 380 Washington, DC : Island Press .
  • Paoletti , E. , Bytnerowicz , A. , Andersen , C. , Agustaitis , A. , Ferretti , M. , Grulke , N. , Gunthardt-Goerg , M. S. , Innes , J. , Johnson , D. , Karnosky , D. , Luangjane , J. , Matyssek , R. , McNulty , S. , Muller-Starck , G. , Musselman , R. and Percy , K. 2007 . Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems-emerging research needs . The Scientific World Journal , 7 : S11 8 DOI 10.1100/tsw.2007.52
  • Parmesan , C. and Matthews , J. 2006 . “ Biological impacts of climate change ” . In Principles of Conservation Biology , Edited by: Groom , M. J. , Meffe , G. K. and Caroll , C. R. 333 – 374 . Sunderland, Massachusetts, , USA : Sinauer Associates, Inc. .
  • Prabhu , R. H. , Ruitenbeek , H. J. , Boyle , T. J. B. and Pierre Colfer , J. 2001 . “ Between voodoo science and adaptive management: The role and research needs for indicators of sustainable forest management ” . In Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management , Edited by: Raison , R. J. , Brown , A. G. and Flinn , D. W. 39 – 66 . Vienna : CABI Publishing . IUFRO Research Series 7
  • Sattout , E. J. 2007 . “ Flora Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring in Tannourine Cedar Forest Nature Reserve ” . In UNEP-GEF Project on Integrated Management of Cedar Forests in Lebanon in Cooperation with Other Mediterranean Countries , 97 Lebanon : TCFNR/AUB/MOE/SETS .
  • Sattout , E. 2004 . Perspective for sustainable use of Cedrus libani A. Rich in Lebanon , PhD dissertation 205 UK : The University of Reading .
  • Spittlehouse , D. L. , Eng , M. , Hamann , A. , Meidinger , D. and Wang , T. L. 2006 . Spatial climate data and assessment of climate change impacts on forest ecosystems , 34 Victoria : Forests and Range . Final Report for Forest Science Program Project Y062149, Res. Br., BC Min
  • Stolte , K. W. 2001 . Forest Health Monitoring and Forest Inventory Analysis Programs Monitor Climate Change Effect in Forest Ecosystems . Human and Ecological Risk Assessment , 7 : 1297 – 1316 .
  • Talhouk , S. N. , Zurayk , R. and Khuri , S. 2001 . Conservation of the coniferous forests of Lebanon: Past, present and future prospects . Oryx , 35 : 206 – 215 .
  • UNEP-GEF/AUB/MOE . 2003 . “ Project Document ” . In Integrated Management of Cedar Forests in Lebanon in Cooperation with Other Mediterranean Countries Project number: GFL / 2328–2713–PMS: GF/2010–03
  • Walther , G. R. , Post , E. , Convey , P. , Menzel , A. , Parmesan , C. , Beebee , T. J. C. , Fromentin , J. M. , Hoegh-Guldberg , O. and Bairlein , F. 2002 . Ecological responses to recent climate change . Nature , 416 : 389 – 395 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.