Inclusion without assimilation: Science education from an anthropological and metacognitive perspective

References

• Abelson , R.P. 1986 . Beliefs are like possessions . Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior , 16 : 223 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aikenhead , G.S. 1996 . Science education: border crossing into the subculture of science . Studies in Science Education , 27 : 1 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Aikenhead , G.S. 1997 . Toward a First Nations cross‐cultural science and technology curriculum . Science Education , 81 : 217 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aikenhead , G.S. 2000 . “ Renegotiating the culture of school science ” . In Improving science education: the contribution of research , Edited by: Millar , R. , Leach , J. and Osbome , J. Buckingham, UK : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Aikenhead , G.S. in press . Students’ ease in crossing cultural borders into school science . Science Education ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aikenhead , G.S. and Jegede , O.J. 1999 . Cross‐cultural science education: A cognitive explanation of a cultural phenomenon . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 36 : 269 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alsop , S. and Watts , M. 1997 . Sources from a Somerset village: A model for informal learning about radiation and radioactivity . Science Education , 81 : 633 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apple , M.W. 1982 . “ Curricular form and the logic of technical control: Building the possessive individual ” . In Cultural and economic reproduction in education: Essays on class, ideology and the state , Edited by: Apple , M.W. 247 – 274 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Atwater , M.M. 1996 . Social constructivism: Infusion into the multicultural science education research agenda . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 33 : 821 – 837 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ausubel , D.P. , Novak , J.D. and Hanesian , H. 1978 . Educational psychology: A cognitive view , 2nd ed. , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , J.R. and Northfield , R.J. , eds. 1992 . Learning from the PEEL experience , Clayton, , Australia : Monash University .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , J.R. , Fensham , P.J. , Gunstone , R.F. and White , R.T. 1991 . The importance of reflection in improving science teaching and learning . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 28 : 163 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , D. and Taylor , P.C. 1995 . The effect of culture on the learning of science in non‐Western countries: The results of an integrated research review . International Journal of Science Education , 17 : 695 – 704 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom , J.W. 1992 . “ Contexts of meaning and conceptual integration: How children understand and learn ” . In Philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and educational theory and practice , Edited by: Duschl , R.A. and Hamilton , R.J. 177 – 194 . Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1990 . The logic of practice , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1991 . Language and power , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brandes , A. 1996 . “ Elementary school children's images of science ” . In Constructionism in practice: Designing, thinking and learning in a digital world , Edited by: Kafai , Y. and Resnick , M. 37 – 69 . Mahweh, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Cawthron , E.R. and Rowell , J.A. 1978 . Epistemology and science education . Studies in Science Education , 5 : 31 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Cobem , W.W. 1993 . “ Contextual constructivism: The impact of culture on the learning and teaching of science ” . In The practice of constructivism in science education , Edited by: Tobin , K. 51 – 69 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cobem , W.W. 1995 . Science education as an exercise in foreign affairs . Science & Education , 4 : 287 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Cobem , W.W. 1996 . Worldview theory and conceptual change in science education . Science Education , 80 : 579 – 610 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobem , W.W. and Aikenhead , G.S. 1998 . “ Cultural aspects of learning science ” . In International handbook of science education , Edited by: Tobin , K. and Fraser , B. 39 – 52 . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , V.B. 1995 . When science is ‘another world’: Relationships between worlds of family, friends, school, and science . Science Education , 79 : 313 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , V.B. 1997 . How teachers and students study ‘all that matters’ in high school chemistry . International Journal of Science Education , 19 : 1005 – 1023 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council of Ministers of Education . 1994 . Science assessment framework and criteria , Ottawa : Government Printer .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , R. , Asoko , H. , Leach , J. , Mortimer , E. and Scott , P. 1994 . Constructing scientific knowledge in the classroom . Educational Researcher , 23 : 5 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , D. and Mercer , N. 1987 . Common knowledge: The development of understanding in the classroom , London : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Gardner , H. 1984 . Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Gil‐Perez , D. 1996 . New trends in science education . International Journal of Science Education , 18 : 889 – 901 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giroux , H. 1992 . Border crossings: Cultural workers and the politics of education , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gunstone , R.F. 1994 . “ The importance of specific science content in the enhancement of metacognition ” . In The content of science: A constructivist approach to its teaching and learning , Edited by: Fensham , P.J. , Gunstone , R.F. and White , R.T. 131 – 146 . London : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hammer , D. 1994 . Students’ beliefs about conceptual knowledge in introductory physics . International Journal of Science Education , 16 : 385 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewson , P.W. 1981 . A conceptual change approach to learning science . European Journal of Science Education , 3 : 383 – 396 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1993a . Re‐thinking old ways: Towards a more critical approach to practical work in school science . Studies in Science Education , 22 : 85 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1993b . Against skills‐based testing in science . Curriculum Studies , 1 : 127 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1993c . “ Teaching and learning about science: Considerations in the philosophy and sociology of science ” . In Teaching, learning and assessment in science education , Edited by: Edwards , D. , Scanlon , E. and West , D. 5 – 32 . London : Paul Chapman/Open University .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1994 . Seeking directions for change: The personalisation and politicisation of science education . Curriculum Studies , 2 : 71 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1998a . Teaching and learning science: Towards a personalized approach , Buckingham, UK : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1998b . Science fiction: The continuing misrepresentation of science in the school curriculum . Curriculum Studies , 6 : 191 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1999a . Going beyond cultural pluralism: Science education for sociopolitical action . Science Education , 83 : 775 – 796 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1999b . “ Critical multiculturalism in science and technology education ” . In Critical multiculturalism: Rethinking multicultural and antiracist education , Edited by: May , S. 216 – 244 . Lewes, UK : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , D. 1999c . “ Prioritizing the affective ” . In OISE Papers in STSE Education , Edited by: Hodson , D. Vol. 1 , 19 – 36 . Toronto : Imperial Oil Centre for Studies in Science, Mathematics & Technology Education, OISE/University of Toronto, in association with University of Toronto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hodson , J. 1996 . The effects of peer collaboration on writing performance and attitudes towards writing of male and female standard 3/4 students , Auckland, , New Zealand : University of Auckland . Unpublished master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Holton , G. 1978 . The scientific imagination: Case studies , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Holton , G. 1986 . The advancement of science and its burdens , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jegede , O. 1995 . Collateral learning and the eco‐cultural paradigm in science and mathematics education in Africa . Studies in Science Education , 25 : 97 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Jegede , O. 1997 . School science and the development of scientific culture: A review of contemporary science education in Africa . International Journal of Science Education , 19 : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jegede , O. 1998 . “ Worldview presuppositions and science and technology education ” . In Science and technology education and ethnicity: An Aotearoa/New Zealand perspective , Edited by: Hodson , D. 76 – 88 . Wellington : Royal Society of New Zealand .
   Google Scholar
• Jegede , O.J. and Aikenhead , G.S. 1999 . Transcending cultural borders: Implications for science teaching . Research in Science & Technological Education , 17 : 45 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , L.R. , Mullis , I. , Raizen , SA. , Weiss , I.R. and Weston , E. 1992 . The 1990 science report card: NAEP's assessment of fourth, eighth and twelfth graders , Washington, DC : Office of Educational Research and Improvement .
   Google Scholar
• Kawasaki , K. 1996 . The concepts of science in Japanese and Western education . Science & Education , 5 : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , G.J. and Green , J. 1998 . “ The social nature of knowing: Toward a socioculturel perspective on conceptual change and knowledge construction ” . In Perspectives on conceptual change: Multiple ways to understand knowing and learning in a complex world , Edited by: Guzzetti , B.J. and Hynd , C.R. 145 – 181 . Mahweh, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• King , A.R. and Brownell , J.A. 1966 . The curriculum and the disciplines of knowledge: A theory of curriculum practice , New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Krugly‐Smolska , E. 1995 . Cultural influences in science education . Internationaljournal of Science Education , 17 : 45 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krugly‐Smolska , E. 1996 . Scientific culture, multiculturalism and the science classroom . Science & Education , 5 : 21 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn , D. 1989 . Children and adults as intuitive scientists . Psychological Review , 56 : 674 – 689 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn , T.S. 1970 . The structure of scientific revolutions , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , W.C. 1999 . Science education in developing countries: Challenging first world hegemony in a global context . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 36 : 255 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane , C. 1992 . Provincial benchmarks , Memorandum No. 325–2373 Toronto : Ontario Ministry of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , J.O. . Fatima's Rules and other elements of an unintended chemistry curriculum . Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting . San Francisco, CA. April ,
   Google Scholar
• Lee , O. 1997 . Scientific literacy for all: What is it, and how can we achieve it? . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 34 : 219 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemke , J.L. 1990 . Talking science: Language, learning and values , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Linn , M.C. 1987 . Establishing a research base for science education: Challenges, trends, and recommendations . Journal of Research on Science Teaching , 24 : 191 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughran , J. and Deny , N. 1997 . Researching teaching for understanding: The students’ perspective . International Journal of Science Education , 19 : 925 – 938 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe , J.A. 1995 . The impact of school science on the world‐view of Solomon Island students . Prospects , 25 : 653 – 667 .
   Google Scholar
• Maddock , M.N. 1981 . Science education: An anthropological viewpoint . Studies in Science Education , 8 : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• May , S. 1994 . Making multicultural education work , Clevedon, UK : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Medvitz , A.G. . Science, schools and culture: the complexity of reform in science education . International Organization for Science and Technology Education (IOSTE) 8th symposium proceedings, Vol 2—Policy . Edited by: Calhoun , K. , Panwarm , R. and Shrum , S. Vol 2 , pp. 158 – 163 . Edmonton : University of Alberta .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , K. and Woodruff , E. 1997 . Consensually driven explanation in science teaching . Science Education , 81 : 173 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , J.A. and Mitchell , I.J. 1992 . “ Some classroom procedures ” . In Learning from the PEEL Project , Edited by: Baird , J.R. and Northfield , J.R. 210 – 268 . Clayton, , Australia : Monash University .
   Google Scholar
• Munby , H. 1980 . “ Analyzing teaching for intellectual independence ” . In Seeing curriculum in a new light: Essays from science education , Edited by: Munby , H. , Orpwood , G. and Russell , T. 11 – 33 . Toronto : OISE Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nadeau , R. and Desautels , J.F. 1984 . Epistemology and the teaching of science: A discussion paper , Ottawa : Science Council of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Educational Statistics . 1994 . Digest of educational statistics , Washington, DC : United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Education Division .
   Google Scholar
• National Science Foundation [NSF] . 1996 . Indicators of science and mathematics education 1995 , Arlington, VA : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Ogawa , M. 1995 . Science education in a multi‐science perspective . Science Education , 79 : 583 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Loughlin , M. 1992 . Rethinking science education: Beyond Piagetian constructivism toward a sociocultural model of teaching and learning . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 29 : 791 – 820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palincsar , A.S. and Brown , A.L. 1984 . Reciprocal teaching of comprehension‐fostering and monitoring activities . Cognition and Instruction , 1 : 117 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Phelan , P. , Davidson , A.L. and Cao , H.T. 1991 . Students’ multiple worlds: Negotiating the boundaries of family, peer, and school cultures . Anthropology and Education Quarterly , 22 : 224 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering , A. , ed. 1992 . Science as practice and culture , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pomeroy , D. 1994 . Science education and cultural diversity: Mapping the field . Studies in Science Education , 24 : 49 – 73 .
   Google Scholar
• Pomeroy , D. 1997 . “ STL in a culturally diverse world ” . In Innovations in science and technology education , Edited by: Jenkins , E.W. Vol. 6 , 59 – 76 . Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• Posner , G.J. , Strike , K.A. , Hewson , P.W. and Gertzog , W.A. 1982 . Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change . Science Education , 66 : 211 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , M. 1998 . “ Indigenous knowledge and Western science: Perspectives from the Pacific ” . In Science and technology education and ethnicity: An Aotearoa/New Zealand perspective , Edited by: Hodson , D. 59 – 75 . Wellington : Royal Society of New Zealand .
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , A.J. 1998 . Strategies for counterresistance: Toward sociotransformative constructivism and learning to teach science for diversity and for understanding . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 35 : 589 – 622 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scardamalia , M. and Bereiter , C. 1999 . “ Schools as knowledge building organizations ” . In Today's children, tomorrow's society: The developmental health and wealth of Nations , Edited by: Keating , D. and Hertzman , C. 274 – 289 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Scardamalia , M. , Bereiter , C. , McLean , R.S. , Swallow , J. and Woodruff , E. 1989 . Computer‐supported intentional learning environment . Journal of Educational Computing Research , 5 : 51 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , B.L. 1992 . “ A life of science learning: An approach to the study of personal, social and cultural features in the initiation to school science ” . In History and philosophy of science in science education , Edited by: Hills , G.L.C. Vol. 2 , 429 – 447 . Kingston, ON : Queen's University .
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro , B. 1998 . An approach to consider the semiotic messages of school science learning culture . Journal of Science Teacher Education , 9 : 221 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharp , R. and Green , A. 1975 . Education and social control: A study of progressive primary education , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Smolicz , J.J. and Nunan , E.E. 1975 . The philosophical and sociological foundations of science education: The demythologizing of school science . Studies in Science Education , 2 : 101 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Stanley , W.B. and Brickhouse , N.W. 1994 . Multiculturalism, universalism, and science education . Science Education , 78 : 387 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strike , K.A. and Posner , G.J. 1992 . “ A revisionist theory of conceptual change ” . In Philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and educational theory and practice , Edited by: Duschl , R.A. and Hamilton , R.J. 147 – 176 . Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Summers , B. 1993 . Accountability; provincial standards; assessment: Background materials , Toronto : Ontario Ministry of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Sutton , C. 1992 . Words, science and learning , Buckingham, UK : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tyson , L.M. , Venville , G.J. , Harrison , A.G. and Treagust , D.F. 1997 . A multidimensional framework for interpreting conceptual change events in the classroom . Science Education , 81 : 387 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldrip , B.G. and Taylor , P.C. 1999 . Permeability of students’ worldviews to their school views in a non‐Western developing country . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 36 : 289 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West , L.H. and Pines , A.L. 1983 . How ‘rational’ is rationality? . Science Education , 67 : 37 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• White , R.T. and Mitchell , I.J. 1994 . Metacognition and the quality of learning . Studies in Science Education , 23 : 21 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Windschitl , M. 1999 . A vision educators can put into practice: Portraying the constructivist classroom as a cultural system . School Science & Mathematics , 99 : 189 – 196 .
   Google Scholar