The spiritual dimension of the Montana vacation experience

References

• Allcock , J. 1988 . Tourism as a sacred journey . Society and Leisure , 11 (1) : 33 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Boorstin , D.J. 1992 . The image: A guide to pseudo‐events in America , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Chandler , K. , Holden , J. and Kolander , C. 1992 . Counseling for spiritual wellness: Theory and practice . Journal of Counseling and Development , 71 (2) : 168 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , N.A. , Maiorano , B. and Menning , N.L. 1995 . 1993 Nonresident travel to Montana: Characteristics of visitors, by season , Missoula, MT : University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , E. 1979 . A phenomenology of tourist experiences . Sociology , 13 : 179 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , E. 1984 . The sociology of tourism: Approaches, issues, and findings . Annual Review of Sociology , 10 : 373 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , E. 1992 . “ Pilgrimage and tourism: Convergence and divergence ” . In Sacred journeys: The anthropology of pilgrimage , Edited by: Morinis , A. 47 – 61 . Westport, CT : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dumazedier , J. 1967 . Toward a society of leisure , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Forman , R. 2004 . Grassroots spirituality , Charlottesville, VA : Imprint Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , R. Women, nature and spirituality: A qualitative study exploring women's wilderness experience . Proceedings, ANZALS conference 1997 . Edited by: Rowe , D. and Brown , P. pp. 59 – 64 . Newcastle, NSW : Australian and New Zealand Association for Leisure Studies, and the Department of Leisure and Tourism Studies, The University of Newcastle .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , L. and Anderson , D. 1999 . A qualitative exploration of the wilderness experience as a source of spiritual inspiration . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 19 : 21 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heintzman , P. 2000 . Leisure and spiritual well‐being relationships: A qualitative study . Society and Leisure , 23 (1) : 40 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Heintzman , P. Men's wilderness experience and spirituality: A qualitative study . Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium . Edited by: Burns , R. and Robinson , K. pp. 216 – 225 . Newtown Square, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station . (Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS‐P‐14)
   Google Scholar
• Heintzman , P. and Mannell , R. 2003 . Spiritual functions of leisure and spiritual well‐being: Coping with time pressure . Leisure Sciences , 25 : 207 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges , J. Women's lived experiences of an ongoing, regular Iyengar yoga practice . Paper presented at the International Conference on Social Science . Honolulu, HI. June .
   Google Scholar
• Hood , R. 1975 . The construction and preliminary validation of a measure of reported mystical experience . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 14 : 29 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , S. 1995 . The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 15 : 169 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , J. 1990 . Leisure , (2nd ed.) , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Kyle , G. , Bricker , K. , Graefe , A. and Wickham , T. 2004 . An examination of recreationists’ relationships with activities and settings . Leisure Sciences , 26 : 123 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosmin , B. , Mayer , E. and Keysar , A. 2001 . American religious identification survey , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , Y.S. 2006 . Myth, spirituality and religion in travel: Pre‐industrial Korea . Tourism , 54 (2) : 97 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Little , D. and Schmidt , C. 2006 . Self, wonder and God! The spiritual dimensions of travel experiences . Tourism , 54 (2) : 107 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• MacCannell , D. 1999 . The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• McDonald , B. , Guldin , R. and Wetherhill , R. 1988 . “ The spirit in the wilderness: The use and opportunity of wilderness experience for spiritual growth ” . In Wilderness Benchmark 1988: Proceedings of the National Wilderness Colloquium , Edited by: Freilich , H.R. 193 – 207 . Asheville, NC : USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station . (Gen. Tech. Rep. SE‐51)
   Google Scholar
• McDonald , B. and Schreyer , R. 1991 . “ Spiritual benefits of leisure participation and leisure settings ” . In Benefits of leisure , Edited by: Driver , D. , Brown , P. and Peterson , G. 179 – 194 . State College, PA : Venture .
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , A. and Yoel , M. 2006 . Special issue: Spirituality and meaningful experiences in tourism . Tourism , 54 (2) : 95
   Google Scholar
• Nash , D. 1981 . Tourism as an anthropological subject . Current Anthropology , 22 (5) : 461 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickerson , N. , Sutton , B. and Aronofsky , A. 2002 . Nonresident all year & four season comparison: Visitor profile , (Tech. Rep. No. 2002–12) Missoula, MT : University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research .
   Google Scholar
• Nickerson , N. , Ellard , A. and Dvorak , R. 2003 . The Montana vacation experience: Part I , (Res. Rep. No. 2003–1) Missoula, MT : University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research .
   Google Scholar
• Nickerson , N. and Kerr , P. 2004 . Snapshots: An introduction to tourism , (3rd ed.) , Toronto, ON : Pearson Education Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Nickerson , N. and Oschell , C. 2006 . 2001/2005 Nonresident comparison: Visitor profile , (Res. Rep. No. 2006–5) Missoula, MT : University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research .
   Google Scholar
• Oschell , C. , Rademaker , L. and Nickerson , N. 2007 . Connecting the dots: Nonresident vacationer characteristics of popular travel corridors , (Res. Rep. No. 2007–6) Missoula, MT : University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research .
   Google Scholar
• Parrish , J. , Nickerson , N. and McMahon , K. 1997 . Nonresident summer travelers to Montana , (Res. Rep. No. 52) Missoula, MT : University of Montana Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research .
   Google Scholar
• Pieper , J. 1952 . Leisure: The basis of culture , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Rademaker , L. and Nickerson , N. 2006 . Niche news: 2005 Nonresident travel characteristics Retrieved on April 30, 2007, from http://www.itrr.umt.edu/NicheNews06/2005TravChar.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , E. 1996 . “ Place and spirit in public land management ” . In Nature and the human spirit: Toward an expanded land management ethic , Edited by: Driver , B. , Dustin , D. , Baltic , T. , Eisner , G. and Peterson , G. 61 – 80 . State College, PA : Venture .
   Google Scholar
• Roof , W.C. 1993 . A generation of seekers: The spiritual journeys of the baby boom generation , San Francisco : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , C. 2005 . Being, becoming and belonging: The phenomenological essence of spiritual leisure experiences , Brisbane, , Australia : Griffith University . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , C. and Little , D. 2007 . Qualitative insights into leisure as a spiritual experience . Journal of Leisure Research , 39 (2) : 222 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder , H.W. The spiritual aspect of nature: A perspective from depth psychology . Proceedings of the 1991 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium . April 7–9 1991 , Saratoga Springs, NY. Edited by: Stoep , G.A. Vander . pp. 25 – 30 . Radnor, PA : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station . (Gen. Tech. Rep. NE‐160)
   Google Scholar
• Stringer , L.A. and McAvoy , L.H. 1992 . The need for something different: Spirituality and the wilderness adventure . Journal of Experiential Education , 15 (1) : 13 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Travel Industry Association . 2008 . “ Travel industry in US is 740 billion dollar industry ” . Retrieved on January 11, 2008, from http://tia.usdm.net/pressmedia/pressrec.asp?Item=796
   Google Scholar
• Williams , K. and Harvey , D. 2001 . Transcendent experiences in forest environments . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 21 : 249 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilton , J.J. and Nickerson , N.P. 2006 . Collecting and using visitor spending data . Journal of Travel Research , 45 (1) : 17 – 25 .
   Google Scholar