The contribution of paid vacation time to wellbeing among employed Canadians

References

• Altonji, J. G., & Usui, E. (2007). Work hours, wages, and vacation leave. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 60(3), 408–428. doi:10.1177/001979390706000306
   Google Scholar
• Aronsson, G., & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Vacation – still an issue of workers’ protection? An empirical study of vacation and recuperation. International Journal of Health Services, 35(1), 143–169. doi:10.2190/W3AG-TMR4-UDG1-8JMG
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, L. L. (2005). Leisure and health: Why is leisure therapeutic? British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 33, 7–26. doi:10.1080/03069880412331335939
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso, C. C. (2006). Possible broad impacts of long work hours. Industrial Health, 44(4), 531–536. doi:10.2486/indhealth.44.531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-C., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). Health and wellness benefits of travel experiences: A literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 709–719. doi:10.1177/0047287513496477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clawson, M., & Knetsch, J. L. (1966). Economics of outdoor recreation. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press.
   Google Scholar
• Critcher, C., & Bramham, P. (2004). The devil still makes work. In J. Haworth & A. J. Veal (Eds.), Work and leisure (pp. 34–50). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cushman, G., Veal, A. J., & Zuzanek, J. (1996). Work-leisure participation: Free time in the global village. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• De Bloom, J., Geurts, S. A. E., Sonnentag, S., Taris, T., De Weerth, C., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2011). How does a vacation from work affect employee health and well-being? Psychology & Health, 26(12), 1606–1622. doi:10.1080/08870446.2010.546860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bloom, J., Geurts, S. A. E., Taris, T. W., Sonnentag, S., De Weerth, C., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2010). Effects of vacation from work on health and well-being: Lots of fun, quickly gone. Work & Stress, 24(2), 196–216. doi:10.1080/02678373.2010.493385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolnicar, S., Yanamandram, V., & Cliff, K. (2012). The contribution of vacations to quality of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 59–83. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.04.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson, L., Rice, J., & Goodin, R. (2007). Temporal aspects of life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 80(3), 511–533. doi:10.1007/s11205-006-0005-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzion, D. (2003). Annual vacation: Duration of relief from job stressors and burnout. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 16(2), 213–226. doi:10.1080/10615806.2003.10382974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, C., & Sonnentag, S. (2006). Recovery, well-being, and performance-related outcomes: The role of workload and vacation experiences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 936–945. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, C., Yankelevich, M., Zarubin, A., & Barger, P. (2010). Happy, healthy, and productive: The role of detachment from work during nonwork time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 977–983. doi:10.1037/a0019462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2004). Holidaytaking and the sense of well-being. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 103–121. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2003.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Shulkin, S. (2008). Schedule flexibility and stress: Linking formal flexible arrangements and perceived flexibility to employee health. Community, Work & Family, 11(2), 199–214. doi:10.1080/13668800802024652
   Google Scholar
• Gump, B. B., & Matthews, K. A. (2000). Are vacations good for your health? The 9-year mortality experience after the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Psychosomatic Medicine September/October, 62(5), 608–612. doi:10.1097/00006842-200009000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilbrecht, M., Shaw, S. M., Havitz, M. E., & Delamere, F. (2008). Experiences, perspectives and meanings of family vacations for children. Leisure/Loisir, 32(2), 541–571. doi:10.1080/14927713.2008.9651421
   Google Scholar
• Himelfarb, E. (2014, June 30) Canada, it’s time to learn to (truly) take vacation. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/activities-and-interests/canada-its-time-to-learn-to-truly-take-vacation/article19390449/
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. H. C., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. F. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations – Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28, 1262–1273. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC). (2013). Union coverage in Canada, 2012. Workplace Information Division, Strategic Policy Analysis and Workplace Information Directorate. Ottawa, ON: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y. (2003). Examining rival models of leisure coping mechanisms. Leisure Sciences, 25(2–3), 183–206. doi:10.1080/01490400306560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B., & Butcher, J. (2002). A short-term longitudinal analysis of leisure coping used by police and emergency response service workers. Journal of Leisure Research, 34, 311–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B., & Butcher, J. (2005). Contributions of leisure participation in predicting stress coping and health among emergency response service workers. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 81–101. doi:10.1177/1359105305048557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joudrey, A. D., & Wallace, J. E. (2009). Leisure as a coping resource: A test of the job demand-control-support model. Human Relations, 62(2), 195–217. doi:10.1177/0018726708100357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroesen, M., & Handy, S. (2014). The influence of holiday-taking on affect and contentment. Annals of Tourism Research, 45, 89–101. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2013.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehto, X. Y. (2013). Assessing the perceived restorative qualities of vacation destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), 325–339. doi:10.1177/0047287512461567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannell, R. C. (2007). Leisure, health and well-being. World Leisure Journal, 49(3), 114–128. doi:10.1080/04419057.2007.9674499
   Google Scholar
• Maume, D. J. (2006). Gender differences in taking vacation time. Work and Occupations, 33(2), 161–190. doi:10.1177/0730888405284568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013). The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 42–65. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S., & Stokoe, E. (2010). Have you been away? Holiday talk in everyday interaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 1117–1140. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, M., Bohle, P., & Quinlan, M. (2011). Precarious employment, working hours, work-life conflict and health in hotel work. Applied Ergonomics, 42(2), 225–232. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2010.06.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mira d’Ercole, M., & Boarini, R. (2013). How’s Life? 2013: Measuring well-being: Country snapshot Canada. Paris: Statistics Directorate, OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Mitas, O., Yarnal, C., Adams, R., & Ram, N. (2012). Taking a “peak” at leisure travelers’ positive emotions. [Article]. Leisure Sciences, 34(2), 115–135. doi:10.1080/01490400.2012.652503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morissette, C. (2013). Government revenue attributable to tourism, 2011. (Cat. no. 13-604-M – No.71). Income and Expenditure Accounts Technical Series. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Nawijn, J., Marchand, M., Veenhoven, R., & Vingerhoets, A. (2010). Vacationers happier, but most not happier after a holiday. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 5(1), 35–47. doi:10.1007/s11482-009-9091-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newswire, P. (2013). Expedia’s 2013 Vacation Deprivation Study reveals stark global disparity in work-life balance. (18 November 2013 ed.). Bellevue, WS.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2013). OECD guidelines on measuring subjective well-being. Paris, FR: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pagán, R. (2015). The impact of holiday trips on life satisfaction and domains of life satisfaction: Evidence for German disabled individuals. Journal of Travel Research, 54(3), 359–379. doi:10.1177/0047287513517424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 226–237. doi:10.1177/0047287504272020
   Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, R., Sanes, M., & Schmitt, J. (2013). No-vacation nation revisited. Washington, DC: Center for Economic and Policy Research.
   Google Scholar
• Renzetti, E. (2013, July 6). In praise of indolence: The work-weary should take ‘unplugged’ vacations. The Globe and Mail, p. A2.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, G. (1999). Vacations and the quality of life: Patterns and structures. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 189–198. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00200-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., & Godbey, G. (1997). Time for life: The surprising ways that Americans use their time. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saborowski, C., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2004). Annual leave in Germany: Employees frequently do not take up their full entitlement. Economic Bulletin, 41(6), 209–214.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Ontario. (2014). Employment Standards Act, 2000. In Service Ontario (Ed.), (S.O. 2000, Chapter 41, Section 28(1)). Toronto, ON: Government of Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, S. M., Havitz, M. E., & Delamere, F. (2008). “I decided to invest in my kids memories”: Family vacations, memories, and the social construction of the family. Tourism Culture and Communication, 8(1), 13–26. doi:10.3727/109830408783900361
   Google Scholar
• Sirgy, M. J., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D.-J., & Yu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect tourists’ life satisfaction? Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 261–275. doi:10.1177/0047287510362784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner, N., & Pocock, B. (2013). Paid annual leave in Australia: Who gets it, who takes it and implications for work–life interference. Journal of Industrial Relations, 55(5), 681–698. doi:10.1177/0022185613491680
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sonnentag, S. (2001). Work, recovery activities, and individual well-being: A diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(3), 196–210. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.6.3.196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2011). General social survey cycle 24: Time-stress and well-being: Public use microdata file documentation and user’s guide. Ottawa, ON: Social and Aboriginal Statistics Division, Statistics Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss-Blasche, G., Reithofer, B., Schobersberger, W., Ekmekcioglu, C., & Wolfgang, M. (2005). Effect of vacation on health: Moderating factors of vacation outcome. Journal of Travel Medicine, 12(2), 94–101. doi:10.2310/7060.2005.12206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Toronto Star. (2013, July 6). How does your paid vacation stack up? p.WD8.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L., & Allen, T. D. (2006). Work and family from an industrial/organizational psychology perspective. In M. Pitt-Catsouphes, E. E. Kossek & S. Sweet (Eds.), The work-family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives, methods, and approaches (pp. 283–307). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Travel Association, U. S. (2014). All work and no pay: The impact of forfeited time off. New York, NY: U.S. Travel Association.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (1948). The universal declaration of human rights. New York, NY: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Van Heck, G. L., & Vingerhoets, A. (2007). Leisure sickness: A biopsychosocial perspective. Psychological Topics, 16(2), 187–200.
   Google Scholar
• Van Hooff, M. M., Geurts, S. E., Kompier, M. J., & Taris, T. (2007). Workdays, in-between workdays and the weekend: A diary study on effort and recovery. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 80(7), 599–613. doi:10.1007/s00420-007-0172-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westman, M., & Eden, D. (1997). Effects of a respite from work on burnout: Vacation relief and fade-out. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(4), 516–527. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.4.516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooden, M., & Warren, D. (2008). Paid annual leave and working hours: Evidence from the HILDA survey. Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(4), 664–670. doi:10.1177/0022185608094118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuzanek, J. (2004). Work, leisure, time-pressure and stress. In J. T. Haworth & A. J. Veal (Eds.), Work and leisure (pp. 123–144). East Sussex, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Zuzanek, J. (2009). Time use imbalance: Developmental and emotional costs. In K. Matuska, C. H. Christiansen, H. J. Polatajko & J. A. Davis (Eds.), Life balance: Multidisciplinary theories and research (pp. 207–222). Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Inc. and AOTA Press.
   Google Scholar