120
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Primeval and scenic: ways of seeing Swedish national park forests as arenas for experiences enabled by the Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbooks (1886–2013)

Received 04 Oct 2023, Accepted 16 Feb 2024, Published online: 03 Apr 2024

References

  • A, K. (1893-1894). Garphytteklint på Kilsbergen i Nerike [Garphytteklint on Kilsbergen in Nerike. In Unknown (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1893-1894 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1893-1894] (pp. 86–88). Normans Boktryckeri-Aktiebolag.
  • Abrams, M. H. (1975). The mirror and the lamp: Romantic theory and the critical tradition. New ed.
  • Aiello, G., & Parry, K. (2020). Visual communication: Understanding images in media culture. SAGE.
  • Alan, G. (2014). What to see and how to see it: Tourists, residents, and the beginnings of the walking tour in nineteenth-century Quebec City. Journal of Tourism History, 6(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2013.868533
  • Améen, L. (1900). På hyddstakning i Lappland [On Hut Location Search in Lapland]. In M. Boheman (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1900 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1900] (pp. 30–65). Wahlström & Widstrand.
  • Annerstedt, M., Norman, J., Boman, M., Mattsson, L., Grahn, P., & Währborg, P. (2010). Finding stress relief in a forest. Ecological Bulletins, (53), 33–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41442017
  • Bell, C., & Lyall, J. (2002). The accelerated sublime: Landscape, tourism, and identity. Praeger.
  • Bell, S., & Petursson, J. G. (2009). Introduction. In S. Bell, M. Simpson, L. Tyrväinen, T. Sievänen, & U. Pröbstl (Eds.), European forest recreation and tourism: A handbook (pp. 1–11). Taylor & Francis.
  • Berger, J. (1972). Ways of seeing. London Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books.
  • Birger, S. (1912). Naturskyddsrörelsen i Sverige. [The nature conservation movement in Sweden]. In E. Boheman (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1912 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1912] (pp. 129–145). Centraltryckeriet.
  • Bjurström, P., Lindqvist, G., Börtz-Laine, A., & Holmberg, H. (1982). John Bauer: En konstnär och hans sagovärld [John Bauer: An artist and his world of sagas]. Bra Böcker with the Swedish National Museum.
  • Boheman, M. (1904). Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1904 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1904]. Centraltryckeriet with Wahlström & Widstrand.
  • Braun, B. (2003). On the raggedy edge of risk’: Articulations of race and nature after biology. In D. S. Moore, J. Kosek, & A. Pandian (Eds.), Race, nature, and the politics of difference (pp. 175–203). Duke University Press.
  • Burke, P. (2019). Eyewitnessing: The uses of images as historical evidence. Reaktion Books Ltd.
  • Burman, E. (1977). Bland björnar och myskoxar [Among bears and mysk oxen]. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1977: Jämtland/Härjedalen [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1977: Jämtland/Härjedalen.] (pp. 83–95). Esselte Herzogs.
  • Castree, N. (2014). Making sense of nature: Representation, politics and democracy. Routledge.
  • Che, D. (2011). Managing Penn’s Woods for old-growth forest tourism and deer. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 6(4), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2011.620111
  • Cleve, A., & Paijkull, L. (1896). Genom Lule lappmark: Två flickors vandringsminnen från sommaren 1895 [Through Lule Lappmark: Two girl’s hiking memories from the summer of 1895. In Unknown (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift för år 1896 [The Swedish Tourist Associations’ yearbook of 1896] (pp. 227–240). Wahlström & Widstrand.
  • Cronin, J. K. (2011). Manufacturing national park nature: Photography, ecology, and the wilderness industry of Jasper. UBC Press.
  • Doimo, I., Masiero, M., & Gatto, P. (2020). Forest and wellbeing: Bridging medical and forest research for effective forest-based initiatives. Forests, 11(8), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080791
  • Eggers, J., Holmgren, S., Nordström, E.-M., Lämås, T., Lind, T., & Öhman, K. (2019). Balancing different forest values: Evaluation of forest management scenarios in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework. Forest Policy and Economics, 103, 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.07.002
  • Ekman, C. E. (1940). Den gotländska turistverksamheten [The tourism business of Gotland]. In G. Lundquist (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1940: Gotland [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1940: Gotland] (pp. 293–308). Centraltryckeriet with Esselte AB.
  • Eliasson, P. (2002). Skog, makt och människor: En miljöhistoria om svensk skog 1800–1875 [Forest, power and humans: An environmental history of Swedish forest 1800–1875]. Kungliga Skogs- och Lantbruksakademien.
  • Enander, K.-G. (2007a). Ekologi, skog och miljö: Vetenskap och idéer under 300 år [Ecology, forest, and environment: Science and ideas during 300 years]. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
  • Enander, K.-G. (2007b). Skogsbruk på samhällets villkor: Skogsskötsel och skogspolitik under 150 år. [Forestry on social terms: Forest management and forest policy for 150 years]. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
  • Erlandson-Hammargren, E. (2006). Från alpromantik till hembygdsromantik: Natursynen i Sverige från 1885 till 1915, speglad i Svenska turistföreningens årsskrifter och Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige [From alpine romance to local romance: The view of nature in Sweden from 1885 to 1915, reflected in the Swedish tourist association’s yearly books and Nils Holgersson’s wonderful journey through Sweden]. Gidlund.
  • Facos, M. (1998). Nationalism and the Nordic imagination: Swedish Art of the 1890ʹs. University of California Press.
  • Fälton, E. (2021a). Descendants of the modernist museum: Tracing the musealisation of Swedish national parks. Visual Studies, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2021.1884501
  • Fälton, E. (2021b). The romantic tourist gaze on Swedish national parks: Tracing ways of seeing the non-human world through representations in tourists’ Instagram posts. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1984692
  • Fälton, E. (2021c). Shapeshifting nature: Ambivalent ways of seeing the non-human world within Swedish national park tourism and its visual culture. LiU-Tryck.
  • Fälton, E., & Hedrén, J. (2020). The neverlands of nature: Exploring representations of the non-human in visitor information publication material on Swedish national parks. Journal of Northern Studies, 14(1), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.36368/jns.v14i1.974
  • Feifer, M. (1985). Going places: The ways of the tourist from imperial Rome to the present day. Macmillan.
  • Fletcher, R. (2014). Romancing the wild: Cultural dimensions of ecotourism. Duke University Press.
  • Forsslund, K.-E. (1908). En fjälltur om sommaren: Några skissboksblad [A mountain trip in the summer: A few sketchbook pages]. In M. Boheman (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1908 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1908] (pp. 19–40). Wahlström & Widstrand with Centraltryckeriet.
  • Forsslund, K.-E. (1911). Rundt Sonfjället: Dagboksblad från en vandringssommar. In R. Berg G:son (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens Årsskrift 1911 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1911] (pp. 191–217). Wahlström & Widström with Centraltryckeriet.
  • Foster, H. (1998). Preface. In H. Foster (Ed.), Vision and visuality (pp. ix–xiv). Bay Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1991). Nietzsche, genealogy, history. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), The Foucault reader (pp. 76–100). Pantheon.
  • Foucault, M. (1994). The birth of the clinic: An archaeology of medical perception. (A. Sheridan, Trans.) Naissance de la clinique (1963). Vintage Books.
  • Fredman, P., & Sandell, K. (2014). Protect, preserve, present’: The role of tourism in Swedish national parks. In W. Frost & C. M. Hall (Eds.), Tourism and national parks: International perspectives on development, histories and change (pp. 197–207). Routledge.
  • Freese, A. (1938a). STF:s raststugor kring Stockholm [STF’s rest cabins around Stockholm]. In C. Fries (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1938: Östergötland [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1938: Östergötland] (pp. 351–359). Svenska Turistföreningens förlag.
  • Gavelin, A. (1929). Viktigare naturskyddsåtgärder under åren 1927–1928 [Important nature conservation actions during the years of 1927–1928. In C. Fries (Ed.), Svenska Turisföreningens årsskrift 1929 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1929] (pp. 310–311). Centraltryckeriet.
  • Grundsten, C. (2005). Den välvalda vägen [The well-chosen road]. In A. Tapper, & N. Wahlsten (Eds.), “Älskade fjäll: En vandring genom tre sekler [Beloved mountains: A hike through three centuries] (pp. 68-70). Nørhaven A/S.
  • Gunnarsson, A. (2014). Trädens sociala och symboliska värden [The social and symbolic values of the trees]. In L. Johnson & S. Lundqvist (Eds.), Skogens sociala värden: Forskningen visar vägen [The social values of the forest: The research shows the way] (pp. 29–37). Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
  • Hall, S. (2013). The work of representation. In S. Hall, J. Evans, & S. Nixon (Eds.), Representation (pp. 1–59). SAGE.
  • Hansson, G. (1971). På väg: Några reflektioner kring en vandring från Treriksröset till Smygehuk [On the way: Some reflections on a hike from Treriksröset to Smygehuk. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1971: Blekinge [The Swedish tourist association’s yearbook of 1971: Blekinge] (pp. 313–328). Esselte Tryck.
  • Haugard, J. (1930). Från Tiveden till Tylöskogen [From Tiveden to Tylöskogen]. In C. Fries (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1930: Närke [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1930: Närke] (pp. 168–181). Centraltryckeriet.
  • Hentschel, K. (2014). Visual cultures in science and technology: A comparative history. Oxford University Press.
  • Hooper-Greenhill, E. (2000). Museums and the interpretation of visual culture. Routledge.
  • Hultman, J. (2002). Natur TM. Glada grisar, vandringskängor och ekologisk modernisering [Nature TM. Happy pigs, hiking boots and ecological modernization]. In T. O’Dell (Ed.), Upplevelsens materialitet [The materiality of experiences] (pp. 35–53). Studentlitteratur.
  • Jansson, K. (1958). Lärarinna på Gotska Sandön [Schoolmistress at Gotska Sandön]. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1958: Stranden [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1958: The beach] (pp. 81–93). Svenska Turistföreningens förlag.
  • Jasen, P. (1995). Wild things: Nature, culture and tourism in Ontario, 1790–1914. University of Toronto Press.
  • Jenks, C. (1995). Visual culture. Routledge.
  • Jensen Adams, A. (2002). Seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting. In W. J. T. Mitchell (Ed.), Landscape and power 2nd ed., pp. 35–76). University of Chicago Press.
  • Jin, Y.-T., & Chen, L.-M. (2021). Tourists perceived value of forest experience base recreation based on fuzzy entropy weight. E3S Web of Conferences, 251, 03048.
  • Karlsson, A. (2001). Upptäck Västerbotten! [Explore Västerbotten!]. In N. Wahlsten (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsbok 2011: Västerbotten [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 2001: Västerbotten] (pp. 202–217). Lithsystem AB.
  • Karlsson, S. (1970). I Trolltive’n. [In Trolltive’n]. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1970: Västergötland [The Swedish tourist association’s yearbook of 1970: Västergötland] (pp. 304–309). Esselte AB.
  • Ķencis, T. (2020). Cultural nationalism of the interwar period: Latvian visual art and folklore. Nations and Nationalism, 26(1), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12573
  • Lindahl, K. B., Sandstrom, C., & Stens, A. (2017). Alternative pathways to sustainability? Comparing forest governance models. Forest Policy and Economics, 77, 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2016.10.008
  • Lindstrand, Å. (2008). Sareks vakande ögon [Sarek’s watchful eyes]. In N. Wahlsten, A. Tapper, & M. Leo (Eds.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 2008: Svenska parker [The Swedish association’s yearbook of 2008: Swedish parks] (pp. 106–119). Stibo Graphic A/S.
  • Lund, K. A. (2013). Experiencing nature in nature-based tourism. Tourist Studies, 13(2), 156–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613490373
  • Lundgren, L. J. (2009). Staten och naturen: Naturskyddspolitik i Sverige 1869–1935. 1, 1869–1919 [The state and nature: Nature conservation policy in Sweden 1869–1935. 1, 1869–1919]. Kassandra.
  • Lundgren, L. J. (2011). Staten och naturen: Naturskyddspolitik i Sverige 1869–1935. 2, 1919–1935. [The state and nature: Nature conservation policy in Sweden 1869–1935. 2, 1919–1935]. Kassandra.
  • Lundmark, L., & Stjernström, O. (2009). Environmental protection: An instrument for regional development? National ambitions versus local realities in the case of tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9(4), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250903273780
  • Macnaghten, P., & Urry, J. (1998). Contested natures. SAGE.
  • Mirzoeff, N. (2013). For critical visuality studies. In N. Mirzoeff (Ed.), The visual culture reader 3rd ed, pp. xxix–xxxviii). Routledge.
  • Mirzoeff, N. (2015). How to see the world. Pelican.
  • Mitchell, W. J. T. (2002). Showing seeing: A critique of visual culture. Journal of Visual Culture, 1(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/147041290200100202
  • Nielsen, A. B., Heyman, E., & Richnau, G. (2012). Liked, disliked and unseen forest attributes: Relation to modes of viewing and cognitive constructs. Journal of Environmental Management, 113, 456–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.014
  • Nordström, E.-M., Bjärstig, T., & Zhang, J. (2020). Mångbruk av skog – Om att utveckla skogens mervärden. [Multifunctional forestry – On developing the added values of the forest]. Future Forests Rapport, 3. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/19116/1/ffrapport_mangbruk-av-skog_2020-07-02.pdf
  • Norman, J. (2014). Skogen – upplevelsevärden och friluftsliv [The forest – Experience values and outdoor life. In L. Johnson & S. Lundqvist (Eds.), Skogens sociala värden: Forskningen visar vägen vägen [The social values of the forest: The research shows the way] (pp. 17–27). Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU).
  • Norman, J., van den Bosch, M., Boman, M., & Mattsson, L. (2010). Influence of outdoor recreation on self-rated human health: Comparing three categories of Swedish recreationists. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 25(3), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2010.485999
  • Olsson, N. L. (1957). Resa till skånska åsar [Travelling to Scanian ridges]. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1957: Berget [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1957: The Mountain] (pp. 69–86). Centraltryckeriet with Esselte AB.
  • Olsson, T. (1959). Strövtåg i urskogen [Ramble in the primeval forest. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1959: Skogen [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1959: The forest] (pp. 245–259). Centraltryckeriet with Esselte AB.
  • Oravec, C. L. (1996). To stand outside oneself: The sublime in the discourse of natural scenery. In J. G. Cantrill & C. L. Oravec (Eds.), The symbolic earth: Discourse and our creation of the environment (pp. 58–75). The University Press of Kentucky.
  • Ottosson, Å. (2012). Hemma i rövarskogen [At home in the robber forest. In A. Tapper (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 2012: Svenska scener [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 2012: Swedish sceneries] (pp. 104–119). Stibo Graphic A/S.
  • Ottosson, M. (2008). Ny kurs vid Koster [New course at Koster. In N. Wahlsten, A. Tapper, & M. Leo (Eds.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsbok 2008: Svenska parker[The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 2008: Swedish park] (pp. 81–93). Stibo Graphic A/S.
  • Patin, T. (2012). Introduction: Naturalizing rhetoric. In T. Patin (Ed.), Observation points: The visual poetics of national parks (pp. ix–xxvi). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Pauwels, L. (2006). Visual cultures of science: Rethinking representational practices in knowledge building and science communication. In L. Pauwels (Ed.), Visual cultures of science: Rethinking representational practices in knowledge building and science communication (pp. vii–xix). Dartmouth College Press.
  • Prebensen, N. K., Chen, J. S., & Uysal, M. (2018). Co-creation of tourist experience: Scope, definition and structure. In N. K. Prebensen, J. S. Chen, & M. Uysal (Eds.), Creating experience value in tourism (pp. 1–10). Cabi Publishing.
  • Raadik, J., Cottrell, S. P., Fredman, P., Ritter, P., & Newman, P. (2010). Understanding recreational experience preferences: Application at Fulufjället national park, Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(3), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2010.486264
  • Rose, G. (2017). The question of method: Practice, reflexivity and critique in visual culture studies. In I. Heywood, B. Sandywell, M. E. Gardiner, G. Nadarajan, & C. M. Soussloff (Eds.), The handbook of visual culture (pp. 542–558). Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Rosenberg, E. (1959). Minnen från Kilsbergen [Memories from Kilsbergen. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1959: Skogen [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1959: The forest] (pp. 235–244). Centraltryckeriet with Esselte AB.
  • Rosenthal, L. (2008). Romanticism. Parkstone Press International.
  • Ruhe, A. (1903). Gotska Sandön. In M. Boheman (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1903 [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1903] (pp. 96–115). Wahlström & Widstrand with Centraltryckeriet.
  • Ruhnbro, R. (1961). Från Höganäs till Ivön: En resa till nordskånska industrier [From Höganäs to Ivön: A journey to north Scanian industries]. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1961: Skåne [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1961: Skåne] (pp. 159–184). Centraltryckeriet with Esselte AB.
  • Rutherford, S. (2011). Governing the wild: Ecotours of power. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Salazar, N. B., & Graburn, N. H. H. (2014). Introduction: Toward an anthropology of tourism imaginaries. In N. B. Salazar (Ed.), Tourism imaginaries: Anthropological approaches (pp. 1–28). Berghahn Books.
  • Sandström, C., & Sténs, A. (2015). Dilemmas for forest policy development: The Swedish forestry model under pressure. In E. Westholm, K. B. Lindahl, & F. Kraxner (Eds.), The future use of Nordic forests: A global perspective (pp. 145–158). Springer.
  • SEPA. (2011a). Vår gemensamma identitet [Our collective identity].
  • SEPA. (2011b). Vår varumärkesstrategi [Our branding strategy].
  • SEPA. (2012). Designplattform: En gemensam identitet för Sveriges nationalparker [Design platform: A common identity for Sweden’s national parks].
  • SEPA. (2022a). Björnlandet national park. https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/choose-park—list/bjornlandet-national-park/
  • SEPA. (2022b). Norra Kvill national park. https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/choose-park—list/norra-kvill-national-park/
  • SEPA. (2022c). Söderåsen national park. https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/choose-park—list/soderasen-national-park/
  • SEPA. (2023). Explore your great outdoors. https://www.sverigesnationalparker.se/en/
  • Smith, S. P. (2019). Landscapes for ”likes”: Capitalizing on travel with instagram. Social Semiotics, 31(4), 570–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2019.1647819
  • Söderström, O. (1969). Ångermanland – Botanisk nord- och sydgräns [Ångermanland – Botanical north- and south border. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turisföreningens årsskrift 1969: Ångermanland [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1969] (pp. 294–307). Fören.
  • Sparby, C. (2005). Ljuset kom from norr [The light came from the north]. In A. Tapper & N. Wahlsten (Eds.), Älskade fjäll: En vandring genom tre sekler [Beloved mountains: A hike through three centuries] (pp. 102–111). Nørhaven A/S.
  • Sténs, A. (2014). Skogens estetiska värden [The aesthetic values of the forest]. In L. Johnson & S. Lundqvist (Eds.), Skogens sociala värden: Forskningen visar vägen [The social values of the forest: The research shows the way] (pp. 72–77). Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet.
  • Sténs, A., Bjärstig, T., Nordström, E.-M., Sandström, C., Fries, C., & Johansson, J. (2016). In the eye of the stakeholder: The challenge of governing social forest values. Ambio, 25(S2), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0745-6
  • Stone, A. (2018). Nature, ethics, and gender in German romanticism and idealism. Rowman & Littlefield International.
  • Svensson, R. (1966). Skogen i havet: Några dagboksblad från en färd till Gotska Sandön [The forest in the sea: A few diary sheets from a trip to gotska sandön. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1966: Gotland [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1966: Gotland] (pp. 283–304). Esselte AB.
  • The Swedish Forest Agency. (2015). Skog full av upplevelser: Inspiration, tips och goda råd för skötsel av upplevelserika skogar [A forest filled with experiences: Inspiration, tips, and good advices for managing forest rich in ecperiences]. TMG Tabergs AB.
  • The Swedish Forest Agency. (2016). Skogsskötsel för friluftsliv och rekreation. Skogsskötselserien nr 15. [Forest management for outdoor life and recreation. Forest Management Series, no 15]. SEPA.
  • The Swedish Forest Agency. (2020). Skog för upplevelser och rekreation [Forest for experiences and recreation]. https://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/bruka-skog/olika-satt-att-skota-din-skog/hansyn-till-skogens-sociala-varden/
  • The Swedish Government. (2018). Strategi för Sveriges nationella skogsprogram [Strategy for Sweden’s national forest program]. Ministry of Economy.
  • The Swedish Government. (2022). Levande skogar [Living forests]. https://www.sverigesmiljomal.se/miljomalen/levande-skogar/
  • Tschida, D. A. (2012). Yellowstone national park: Place and actor representations in visitor publications. In T. Patin (Ed.), Observation points: The visual poetics of national parks (pp. 119–139). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Urry, J. (1995). Consuming places. Routledge.
  • Urry, J., & Larsen, J. (2011). The tourist gaze 3.0 3rd ed). SAGE.
  • Wahlberg, S. (1986). Turism och naturskydd [Tourism and nature conservation]. In H. Sehlin (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningen 100 år: Årsskrift 1986 [The Swedish tourist association 100 years: Yearbook of 1986] (pp. 231–251). Esselte Herzogs.
  • Wahlsten, N., Tapper, A., & Leo, M. (2008). Svenska parker [Swedish parks]. Stibo Graphic A/S.
  • Wall, T. (2021). Skogsrået, näcken och älvorna: Naturens väsen i folktron [The female forest spirit, the water sprite, and the fairies: Nature’s creatures in the folk belief]. In K. Almqvist & L. Gröning (Eds.), Folktro: En besjälad värld [Folk belief; A spirited world] (pp. 133–157). Bokförlaget Stolpe.
  • Werin, A. (1960). Slättens diktare [The poets of the plains]. In O. Thaning (Ed.), Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift 1960: Bygden [The Swedish Tourist Association’s yearbook of 1960: The countryside] (pp. 167–184). Centraltryckeriet with Esselte AB.
  • Wilke, S. (2012). How German is the American West?: The legacy of Caspar David Friedrich’s visual poetics in American landscape painting. In T. Patin (Ed.), Observation points: The visual poetics of national parks (pp. 100–118). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Williams, R. (2014). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. Oxford University Press.
  • Zhang, J., Mårald, E., & Bjärstig, T. (2022). The recent resurgence of multiple-use in the Swedish forestry discourse. Society & Natural Resources, 35(4), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2022.2025550
  • Zuelow, E. G. E. (2016). A history of modern tourism. Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Zweig, P. (1974). The adventurer: The Fate of Adventure in the Western world. Basic Books.