569
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Productivity and costs of utilizing small-diameter stems in a biomass-only harvest

, , &
Pages 43-52 | Received 12 May 2015, Accepted 21 Dec 2015, Published online: 06 Feb 2016

References

  • Baker S, Greene D, Harris T. 2012. Impact of timber sale characteristics on harvesting costs. In: Proceeding of the Southern Forest Economics Workshop; Charlotte (NC); Mississippi State: Mississippi State University Department of Forestry. pp. 94–105.
  • Baker SA, Westbrook MD, Jr Greene WD. 2010. Evaluation of integrated harvesting systems in pine stands of the southern United States. Biomass Bioenerg. 34:720–727.
  • Barrett SM, Bolding MC, Aust WM, Munsell JF. 2014. Characteristics of logging businesses that harvest biomass for energy production. For Prod J. 64:265–272.
  • Bolding MC, Kellogg LD, Davis CT. 2009. Productivity and costs of an integrated mechanical forest fuel reduction operation in southwest Oregon. For Prod J. 59:35–46.
  • Bolding MC, Lanford BL. 2005. Wildfire fuel harvesting and resultant biomass utilization using a cut-to-length/small chipper system. For Prod J. 55:181–189.
  • Brinker RW, Kinard J, Rummer B, Lanford B. 2002. Machine rates for selected forest harvesting machines. Circular 296 (revised). Auburn (AL): Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University; 29 pp.
  • Bullock BP, Burkhart HE. 2003. Equations for predicting green weight of loblolly pine trees in the South. South J Ap For. 27:153–159.
  • Burkhart HE, Haney HL, Newberry JD, Leuschner WA, Morris CL, Reed DD. 1986. Evaluation of thinning for reduction of losses from southern pine beetle attack in loblolly pine stands. South J Ap For. 10:105–108.
  • Cain MD. 1993. Ten-year results from precommercial strip-thinning: paradigm lost or reinforced? South J Ap For. 17:16–21.
  • Clark A, Saucier JR, McNab WH. 1986. Total-tree weight, stem weight, and mass tables for hardwood species in the southeast. Georgia Forest Research Paper 60, Research Division, Georgia Forestry Commission; 45 pp.
  • Conrad JL, Bolding MC, Aust WM, Smith RL, Horcher A. 2013. Harvesting productivity and costs when utilizing energywood from pine plantations of the southern coastal plain USA. Biomass Bioenerg. 52:85–95.
  • Demers C, Long A, Nowak J. 2010. Thinning southern pines – a key to greater returns. Gainesville (FL): Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida; 5 pp.
  • Forestry Equipment Sales. 2014. Log trucks; [ cited 2014 Dec 24]. Available from: https://forestryequipmentsales.com/34/Log-Trucks.html
  • Grano CX. 1969. Precommercial thinning of loblolly pine. J For. 67:825–827.
  • Greene WD, Biang E, Baker SA. 2014. Fuel consumption rates of southern timber harvesting equipment. In: Proceeding of the conference of the Council on Forest Engineering; 2014 Jun 22–25; Moline (IL): Council on Forest Engineering; 5 pp.
  • Kärhä K, Jouhiaho A, Mutikainen A, Mattila S. 2005. Mechanized energy wood harvesting from early thinnings. Int J For Eng. 16:15–25.
  • Koch P, McKenzie DW. 1976. Machine to harvest slash, brush, and thinnings for fuel and fiber – a concept. J For. 74:809–812.
  • Laitila J, Asikainen A, Nuutinen Y. 2007. Forwarding of whole trees after manual and mechanized felling bunching in pre-commercial thinnings. Int J For Eng. 18:29–39.
  • Ligné D, Nordfjell T, Karlsson A. 2005. New techniques for pre-commercial thinning – time consumption and tree damage parameters. Int J For Eng. 16:89–99.
  • Lohrey RE. 1977. Growth responses of loblolly pine to precommercial thinning. South J Ap For. 1:19–22.
  • Magagnotti N, Kanzian C, Schulmeyer F, Spinelli R. 2013. A new guide for work studies in forestry. Int J For Eng. 24:249–253.
  • Mitchell D, Gallagher T. 2007. Chipping whole trees for fuel chips: A production study. South J Ap For. 31:176–180.
  • Miyata ES. 1980. Determining fixed and variable costs of logging equipment. St. Paul (MN): GTR NC-55. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station; 20 pp.
  • Munsell JF, Fox TR. 2010. An analysis of the feasibility for increasing woody biomass production from pine plantations in the Southern United States. Biomass Bioenerg. 34:1631–1642.
  • Nowak J, Asaro C, Klepzig K, Billings R. 2008. The southern pine beetle prevention initiative: working for healthier forests. J For. 106:261–267.
  • Pan F, Han HS, Johnson LR, Elliot WJ. 2008. Production and cost of harvesting, processing, and transporting small-diameter (≤ 5 inches) trees for energy. For Prod J. 58:47–53.
  • Peterson Corporation. 2014. Biomass fuel processing; [cited 2014 Dec 24]. Available from: http://www.petersoncorp.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=957:biomass-fuel-processing&catid=155:applications&Itemid=834
  • Petty A, Kärhä K. 2014. Productivity and cost evaluations of energy-wood and pulpwood harvesting systems in first thinnings. Int J For Eng. 25:37–50.
  • Spinelli R, Visser RJ. 2009. Analyzing and estimating delays in wood chipping operations. Biomass Bioenerg. 33:429–433.
  • Timber Mart South. 2014. Timber mart south 3rd quarter 2014. Athens (GA): University of Georgia, Norris Foundation.
  • Trimble Navigation Limited. 2015. SOLO forest software; [cited 2015 Apr 24]. Available from: http://www.trimble.com/forestry/solo-360.aspx?dtID=overview&
  • Tufts RA, Lanford BL, Greene WD, Burrows JA. 1985. Auburn harvesting analyzer. Compiler. 3:14–15.
  • U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2014. Occupational employment and wages, May 2014; [cited 2014 Dec 24]. Available from: http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes454022.htm
  • Virginia Department of Forestry. 2015. Pre-commercial thinning; [cited 2015 Apr 24]. Available from: http://www.dof.virginia.gov/locations/chesterfield.htm
  • Watson WF, Stokes BJ 1989. Harvesting small stems – a southern USA Perspective. In: Proceeding of the International Energy Agency, Task VI, Activity 3 Symposium, Harvesting Small Trees and Forest Residues; Auburn (AL): USDA Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama; pp. 131–139.
  • Web Soil Survey. 2013. Web soil survey; [cited 2014 May 27]. Available from: http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.