184
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Effect of harvesting season, system and equipment on in-forest Pinus radiata bark removal in Australia and New Zealand

&
Pages 10-17 | Received 27 Jul 2016, Accepted 23 Oct 2016, Published online: 10 Nov 2016

References

  • ABS. 2012. Yearbook of Australia, 2012. Australian Bureau of Statistics; [ cited 2016 Jul]. Available from: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by_Subject/1301.0~2012~Main_Features~Forestry~181
  • Birk E. 1993. Biomass and nutrient distribution in radiata pine in relation to previous land use. II Nutrient accumulation, distribution and removal. Australian For. 56:148–156.
  • Canfield RH. 1941. Application of the line interception method in sampling range vegetation. J For. 39:34–40.
  • FAO. 2011. Guide to implementation of phytosanitary standards in forestry. FAO Forestry Paper 164, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome. 122 p.
  • Ferreira JPA, Miranda I, Gominho J, Pereira H. 2015. Selective fractioning of Pseudotsuga menziesii bark and chemical characterization in view of an integrated valorization. Ind Crops Prod. 74:998–1007.
  • Franklin G. 1991. Introduction of a flail chipper to New Zealand. NZ Logging Ind Res Assoc Rep. 16:6.
  • Granlund P, Hallonborg U. 2001. Latest harvesters are gentle on the wood. Results No 5. Uppsala (Sweden): Skogforsk. 4 p.
  • Harder ML, Hankey JD, Einspahr DW, Swanson JW. 1978. Bark and wood properties of pulpwood species as related to separation and segregation of chip/bark mixtures. Project 3212, report eleven: a summary report to members of Group Project 3212; [ cited 26 April 2015]. Available from: http://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/1064/3212_001_11011974.pdf
  • Harris JM, Nash HT. 1973. Physical properties of bark from radiata pine, Corsican pine and Douglas-fir. In: Ellis EL, editor. Bark utilisation symposium proceedings. Paper No. 2. Christchurch (New Zealand): School of Forestry, University of Canterbury.
  • Hartsough B, Spinelli R, Pottle S, Klepac J. 2000. Fiber recovery with chain flail delimbing/debarking and chipping of hybrid poplar. Int J For Eng. 11:59–68.
  • Lee K, Gibbs JN. 1996. An investigation of the influence of harvesting practice on the development of bluestain in Corsican pine logs. Forestry 69:137–141.
  • Li YY, Feng J, Zhang XL, Cui YY. 2015. Pine bark extracts: nutraceutical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluation. J Pharm Exp Therapeut. 353:9–16.
  • Lindroos O. 2010. Scrutinizing the theory of comparative time studies with operator as a block effect. Int J For Eng. 21:20–30.
  • Magagnotti N, Nati C, Pari L, Spinelli R, Visser R. 2011. Assessing the cost of stump-site debarking in eucalypt plantations. Biosys Eng. 110:443–449.
  • Marshall HM, Murphy GE, Gartner B. 2006. Effect of bark thickness estimates on optimal log merchandizing. For Prod J. 56:87–92.
  • Miles PD, Smith WB. 2009. Specific gravity and other properties of wood and bark for 156 tree species found in North America. USDA Forest Service, Res Note NRS-38, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square (PA).
  • Miller RE, McIver JD, Howes SW, Gaeuman WB. 2010. Assessment of soil disturbance in forests of the interior Columbia River basin: a critique. Portland (OR): USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-811. 154 p.
  • Murphy GE, Pilkerton SJ. 2011a. Seasonal impacts on bark loss by mechanized processors in Oregon. Int J For Eng. 22:35–41.
  • Murphy GE, Pilkerton SJ. 2011b. Seasonal impacts of bark loss on simulated payloads, bark delivery and transport costs. For Prod J. 61:71–76.
  • Murphy GE, Cown D. 2015. Within tree, between tree and geospatial variation in estimated Pinus radiata bark volume and weight in New Zealand. NZ J For Sc. 45:18.
  • Murphy GE, Logan O. 2016. Radiata pine bark removal associated with two on-landing log-processing methods. For Prod J. 66:192–195.
  • Nakajima R, Nakayama A, Yoshida T, Kushairi M, Othman B, Toda T. 2010. An evaluation of Photo Line-Intercept Transect (PLIT) method for coral reef monitoring. Galaxea, J Coral Reef Stud. 12:37–44.
  • Neville RJ. 1997. A review of tree wounding. Tech Transfer Notes No. 3, Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Victoria (British Columbia). 4 p.
  • NZFOA. 2014. 2014 facts and figures. New Zealand Plantation Forestry Industry, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington (New Zealand). [ cited 19 July 2016]. Available from: http://www.nzfoa.org.nz/images/stories/pdfs/factsandfigures_2014_web.pdf
  • NZTE. 2012. The New Zealand energy sector. Wellington (New Zealand): New Zealand Trade and Enterprise; 68 p.
  • Ohman JH. 1970. Value loss from skidding wound in sugar maple and yellow birch. J For. 68:226–230.
  • Ovaskainen H, Uusitalo J, Väätäinen K. 2004. Characteristics and significance of a harvester operators’ working technique in thinning. Int J For Eng. 15:67–77.
  • Purfürst FT. 2009. Der Einfluss des Menchen auf die Leistung von Harvestersystemen [The operator’s influence on harvester productivity] [ PhD-thesis]. Dresden (Germany): Institut für Forstnutzung und Forsttechnik, Technische Universität Dresden. 307 p.
  • Sands R. 1974. Radiata pine bark – aspects of morphology, anatomy and chemistry. NZ J For Sci. 5:74–86.
  • Uzonovic A, Webber JF, Pearce AJ, Dickinson DJ. 1999. The role of mechanized harvesting in the development of bluestain in pine. Can J For Res. 29:242–251.
  • Warren WG, Olsen PF. 1964. A line intersect technique for assessing logging waste. For Sci. 10:267–276.
  • Watson WF, Twaddle AA, Hudson JB. 1993. Review of chain flail delimbing-debarking. Int J For Eng. 4:37–52.
  • West PW. 2006. Growing plantation forests. Heidelberg (Germany): Springer-Verlag Berlin; 303 p.
  • Wilcox H, Czabator F, Girolami G. 1954. Seasonal variation in bark-peeling characteristics of some Adirondack pulpwood species. J For. 52:338–342.
  • Woollons RC, Powell JH. 1984. Variation in availability of bark from Pinus radiata logs in the Central North Island of New Zealand. NZ J For. 29:136–139.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.