Improving the efficiency of the digit triplet test using digit scoring with variable adaptive step sizes

References

• Akeroyd, M. A., S. Arlinger, R. A. Bentler, A. Boothroyd, N. Dillier, W. A. Dreschler, J.-P. Gagné, et al. 2015. “International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) Recommendations for the Construction of Multilingual Speech Tests.” International Journal of Audiology 54 (sup2): 17–22. doi:10.3109/14992027.2015.1030513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, T., and B. Kollmeier. 2002. “Efficient Adaptive Procedures for Threshold and Concurrent Slope Estimates for Psychophysics and Speech Intelligibility Tests.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111 (6): 2801–2810. doi:10.1121/1.1479152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carhart, R., and J. Jerger. 1959. Preferred method for clinical determination of pure-tone thresholds. The Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 24: 330–345.
   Google Scholar
• Denys, S., M. Hofmann, H. Luts, C. Guérin, A. Keymeulen, K. Van Hoeck, A. van Wieringen, K. Hoppenbrouwers, J. Wouters. 2018. “School-Age Hearing Screening Based on Speech-in-Noise Perception Using the Digit Triplet Test.” Ear and Hearing 39 (6): 1104–1115. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folmer, R. L., J. Vachhani, G. P. McMillan, C. Watson, G. R. Kidd, and M. P. Feeney. 2017. “Validation of a Computer-Administered Version of the Digits-in-Noise Test for Hearing Screening in the United States.” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 28 (2): 161–169. doi:10.3766/jaaa.16038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guérin, C., K. Van Hoeck, S. Denys, A. Van Wieringen, J. Wouters, and K. Hoppenbrouwers. 2018. “Systematische Opsporing Van Lawaaischade Bij Jongeren.” JGZ Tijdschrift Voor Jeugdgezondheidszorg 50 (5–6): 132–137. doi:10.1007/s12452-018-0153-y.
   Google Scholar
• Hood, J. D. 1960. The principles and practice of bone conduction audiometry: A review of the present position. Laryngoscope 70, 1211–1228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jansen, S., H. Luts, P. Dejonckere, A. van Wieringen, and J. Wouters. 2013. “Efficient Hearing Screening in Noise-Exposed Listeners Using the Digit Triplet Test.” Ear and Hearing 34 (6): 773–778. doi:10.1097/AUD.0b013e318297920b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, S., H. Luts, P. Dejonckere, A. van Wieringen, and J. Wouters. 2014. “Exploring the Sensitivity of Speech-in-Noise Tests for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.” International Journal of Audiology 53 (3): 199–205. doi:10.3109/14992027.2013.849361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, S., H. Luts, K. C. Wagener, B. Frachet, and J. Wouters. 2010. “The French Digit Triplet Test: A Hearing Screening Tool for Speech Intelligibility in Noise.” International Journal of Audiology 49 (5): 378–387. doi:10.3109/14992020903431272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, S., H. Luts, K. C. Wagener, B. Kollmeier, M. Del Rio, R. Dauman, C. James, et al., 2012. “Comparison of Three Types of French Speech-in-Noise Tests: A Multi-Center Study.” International Journal of Audiology 51 (3): 164–173. doi:10.3109/14992027.2011.633568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaandorp, M. W., A. M. B. De Groot, J. M. Festen, C. Smits, and S.T Goverts, 2016. The influence of lexical-access ability and vocabulary knowledge on measures of speech recognition in noise. International Journal of Audiology 55 (3): 157–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koole, A., A. P. Nagtegaal, N. C. Homans, A. Hofman, R. J. Baatenburg de Jong, and A. Goedegebure. 2016. “Using the Digits-In-Noise Test to Estimate Age-Related Hearing Loss.” Ear and Hearing 37 (5): 508–513. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leensen, M. C. J., J. A P. M. de Laat, A. F. M. Snik, and W. A Dreschler. 2011. “Speech-in-Noise Screening Tests by Internet, Part 2: improving Test Sensitivity for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.” International Journal of Audiology 50 (11): 835–848. doi:10.3109/14992027.2011.595017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leensen, M. C. J., and W. A Dreschler. 2013. “The Applicability of a Speech-in-Noise Screening Test in Occupational Hearing Conservation.” International Journal of Audiology 52 (7): 455–465. doi:10.3109/14992027.2013.790565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potgieter, J.-M., D. W. Swanepoel, H. C. Myburgh, T. C. Hopper, and C. Smits. 2016. “Development and Validation of a Smartphone-Based Digits-in-Noise Hearing Test in South African English.” International Journal of Audiology 55 (7): 405–411. doi:10.3109/14992027.2016.1172269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potgieter, J.-M., D. W. Swanepoel, H. C. Myburgh, and C. Smits. 2018. “The South African English Smartphone Digits-in-Noise Hearing Test: Effect of Age, Hearing Loss, and Speaking Competence.” Ear and Hearing 39 (4): 656–663. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potgieter, J.-M., D. W. Swanepoel, and C. Smits. 2018. “Evaluating a Smartphone Digits-in-Noise Test as Part of the Audiometric Test Battery.” The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings 65 (1): e1–e6. doi:10.4102/sajcd.v65i1.574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pronk, M., D. J. H. Deeg, J. M. Festen, J. W. Twisk, C. Smits, H. C. Comijs, S. E. Kramer. 2013. “Decline in Older Persons’ Ability to Recognize Speech in Noise: The Influence of Demographic, Health-Related, Environmental, and Cognitive Factors.” Ear and Hearing 34 (6): 722–732. doi:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3182994eee.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pronk, M., D. J. H. Deeg, C. Smits, J. W. Twisk, T. G. van Tilburg, J. M. Festen, S. E. Kramer. 2014. “Hearing Loss in Older Persons: Does the Rate of Decline Affect Psychosocial Health?” Journal of Aging and Health 26 (5): 703–723. doi:10.1177/0898264314529329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2015. R: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Rashid, M. S., M. C. J. Leensen, and W. A. Dreschler. 2016. “Application of the Online Hearing Screening Test “Earcheck”: Speech Intelligibility in Noise in Teenagers and Young Adults.” Noise and Health 18 (85): 312–318. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.195807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikh Rashid, M., M. C. Leensen, J. A. de Laat, and W. A. Dreschler. 2017. “Cross-Sectional Evaluation of an Internet-Based Hearing Screening Test in an Occupational Setting.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 43 (3): 279–286. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C. 2017. “Improving the Efficiency of Speech-In-Noise Hearing Screening Tests.” Ear and Hearing 38 (6): e385–e388. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., and J. M. Festen. 2011. “The Interpretation of Speech Reception Threshold Data in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners: steady-State Noise.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130 (5): 2987–2998. doi:10.1121/1.3644909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., and J. M. Festen. 2013. “The Interpretation of Speech Reception Threshold Data in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners: II. Fluctuating Noise.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133 (5): 3004–3015. doi:10.1121/1.4798667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., and T. Houtgast. 2005. “Results from the Dutch Speech-in-Noise Screening Test by Telephone.” Ear and Hearing 26 (1): 89–95. doi:10.1097/00003446-200502000-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., and T. Houtgast. 2006. “Measurements and Calculations on the Simple up-down Adaptive Procedure for Speech-in-Noise Tests.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120 (3): 1608–1621. doi:10.1121/1.2221405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., and T. Houtgast. 2007. “Recognition of Digits in Different Types of Noise by Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners.” International Journal of Audiology 46 (3): 134–144. doi:10.1080/14992020601102170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., T. S. Kapteyn, and T. Houtgast. 2004. “Development and Validation of an Automatic Speech-in-Noise Screening Test by Telephone.” International Journal of Audiology 43 (1): 15–28. doi:10.1080/14992020400050004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits, C., P. Merkus, and T. Houtgast. 2006. “How we Do It: The Dutch Functional Hearing-Screening Tests by Telephone and Internet.” Clinical Otolaryngology 31 (5): 436–440. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01195.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Sousa, K. C., D. W. Swanepoel, D. R. Moore, and C. Smits. 2018. “A Smartphone National Hearing Test: Performance and Characteristics of Users.” American Journal of Audiology 27 (3S): 448–454. doi:10.1044/2018_AJA-IMIA3-18-0016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stam, M., C. Smits, J. W. R. Twisk, U. Lemke, J. M. Festen., S. E. Kramer. 2015. “Deterioration of Speech Recognition Ability over a Period of 5 Years in Adults Ages 18 to 70 Years : Results of the Dutch Online Speech-in-Noise Test.” Ear and Hearing 36 (3): e129–e137. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam, M., J. H. Smit, J. W. R. Twisk, U. Lemke, C. Smits, J. M. Festen, S. E. Kramer. 2016. “Change in Psychosocial Health Status over 5 Years in Relation to Adults’ Hearing Ability in Noise.” Ear and Hearing 37 (6): 680–689. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercammen, C., T. Goossens, J. Wouters, and A. van Wieringen. 2018. “Digit Triplet Test Hearing Screening with Broadband and Low-Pass Filtered Noise in a Middle-Aged Population.” Ear and Hearing 39 (4): 825–828. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaming, M. S. M. G., R. C. MacKinnon, M. Jansen, and D. R. Moore. 2014. “Automated Screening for High-Frequency Hearing Loss.” Ear and Hearing 35(6): 667–679. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, C. S., G. R. Kidd, J. D. Miller, C. Smits, and L. E. Humes. 2012. “Telephone Screening Tests for Functionally Impaired Hearing: Current Use in Seven Countries and Development of a US Version.” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23 (10): 757–767. doi:10.3766/jaaa.23.10.2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warzybok, A., T. Brand, K. C. Wagener, and B. Kollmeier. 2015. “How much does language proficiency by non-native listeners influence speech audiometric tests in noise?” International Journal of Audiology 54 (Suppl 2): 88–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willberg, T., M. Buschermöhle, V. Sivonen, A. A. Aarnisalo, H. Löppönen, B. Kollmeier, A. Dietz. 2016. “The Development and Evaluation of the Finnish Digit Triplet Test.” Acta Oto-Laryngologica 136 (10): 1035–1040. doi:10.1080/00016489.2016.1175662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witton, C., J. B. Talcott, and G. B. Henning. 2017. “Psychophysical Measurements in Children : challenges, Pitfalls, and Considerations.” PeerJ 5: e3231. doi:10.7717/peerj.3231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zokoll, M. A., S. Hochmuth, A. Warzybok, K. C. Wagener, M. Buschermöhle, and B. Kollmeier. 2013. “Speech-in-Noise Tests for Multilingual Hearing Screening and diagnostics1.” American Journal of Audiology 22 (1): 175–178. doi:10.1044/1059-0889(2013/12-0061).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zokoll, M. A., K. C. Wagener, T. Brand, M. Buschermöhle, and B. Kollmeier. 2012. “Internationally Comparable Screening Tests for Listening in Noise in Several European Languages: The German Digit Triplet Test as an Optimization Prototype.” International Journal of Audiology 51 (9): 697–707. doi:10.3109/14992027.2012.690078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar