Personality, Psychiatric, and Cognitive Predictors of Length of Time for Competency to Stand Trial Restoration

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: APA.
   Google Scholar
• Anestis, J. C., Gottfried, E. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2015). The utility of MMPI-2-RF substantive scales in prediction of negative treatment outcomes in a community mental health center. Assessment, 22, 23–35. doi:10.1177/1073191114536771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard, G. W., Thompson, J. W., Freeman, W. C., Robbins, L., Gies, D., & Hankins, G. (1991). Competency to stand trial: Description and initial evaluation of a new computer assisted assessment tool (CADCOMP). Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 19, 367–381. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ben-Porath, Y., & Tellegen, A. (2008/2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2–Restructured Form: Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bertman, L. J., Thompson, J. W., Waters, W. F., Estupinan-Kane, L., Martin, J. A., & Russell, L. (2003). Effect of an individualized treatment protocol on restoration of competency in pretrial forensic inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31, 27–35. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher, J., Graham, J., Ben-Porath, Y., Tellegen, A., Dahlstrom, W., & Kaemmer, B. (2001). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for administration and scoring (Rev. ed.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Colwell, L. H., & Gianesini, J. (2011). Demographic, criminogenic, and psychiatric factors that predict competency restoration. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 39, 297–306. Retrieved from http://jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dusky v. United States, 362 US 402. (1960). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/362/402/case.html
   Google Scholar
• Fishbein, D., Sheppard, M., Hyde, C., Hubal, R., Newlin, D., Serin, R., Chrousos, G., & Alesci, S. (2009). Deficits in behavioral inhibition predict treatment engagement in prison inmates. Law and Human Behavior, 33, 419–435. doi:10.1007/s10979-008-9163-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, J. R. (1999). Searching for justice: The discovery of IQ gains over time. American Psychologist, 54, 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golding, S. L. (1992). Studies of incompetent defendants: Research and social policy implications. Forensic Reports, 5, 77–83.
   Google Scholar
• Grandjean, N. R. (2006). Neuropsychological predictors of incompetency to stand trial in defendants referred for competency restoration (3181043). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 66(7-B), 3947.
   Google Scholar
• Green, D., Rosenfeld, B., Belfi, B., Rohlehr, L., & Pierson, A. (2012). Use of measures of cognitive effort and feigned psychiatric symptoms with pretrial forensic defendants. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(3), 181–190. doi:10.1080/14999013.2012.723665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossi, L. M., Green, D., Belfi, B., McGrath, R., Griswold, H., & Schreiber, J. (2015). Identifying aggression in forensic inpatients using the MMPI-2-RF: An examination of MMPI-2-RF scale scores and estimated psychopathy indices. The International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 14(4), 231–244. doi:10.1080/14999013.2015.1108943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossi, L. M., Green, D., Einzig, S., & Belfi, B. (2017). Evaluation of the Response Bias Scale and Improbable Failure scale in assessing feigned cognitive impairment. Psychological Assessment, 29(5), 531–541. doi:10.1037/pas0000364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, W., Reddy, H. B., Green, D., Belfi, B., & Einzig, S. (2017). Inconsistent responding in a criminal forensic setting: An evaluating of the VRIN-r and TRIN-r scales of the MMPI-2-RF. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(3), 286–296. doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1149483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan, L. D., Drogin, E. Y., & Guilmette, T. J. (2008). Adjusting IQ scores for the Flynn Effect: Consistent with the standard of practice? Professional Psychology, Research, and Practice, 39(6), 619–625. doi:10.1037/a0012693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller, M. S., Traylor, W. H., Ehrlich, S. M., & Lester, D. (1981). Intelligence, psychosis, and competency to stand trial. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 9(4), 267–274. Retrieved from http://www.aapl.org/journal.htm
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hubbard, K. L., & Zapf, P. A. (2012). The role of demographic, criminal, and psychiatric variables in examiners’ predictions of restorability of competency to stand trial. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2(2), 145–155. doi:10.1080/14999013.2003.10471186
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard, K. L., Zapf, P. A., & Ronan, K. A. (2003). Competency restoration: An examination of the differences between defendants predicted restorable and not restorable to competency. Law and Human Behavior, 27(2), 127–139. doi:10.1023/A:1022566328781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson v. Indiana, 406 U.S. 715. (1972). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/406/715/
   Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mattson, C., Powers, B., Halfaker, D., Akeson, S., & Ben-Porath, Y. (2012). Predicting drug court treatment completion using the MMPI-2-RF. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 937–943. doi:10.1037/a002826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrimmon, A. W., & Smith, A. D. (2013). Review of Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31(3), 337–341. doi:10.1177/0734282912467756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N. G., & Slobogin, C. (2007). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and Lawyers (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morey, L. C. (2007). Personality assessment inventory: Professional manual (2nd Ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, D. R., & DeYoung, N. J. (2014). Long-term competence restoration. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 42, 81–90. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, D. R., & Parker, G. F. (2008). Jackson's Indiana: State hospital competence restoration in Indiana. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 36, 522–534. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossman, D. (2007). Predicting restorability of incompetent criminal defendants. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 35, 34–43. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossman, D., Noffsinger, S. G., Ash, P., Frierson, R. L., Gerbasi, J., Hackett, M., & Zonana, H. V. (2007). AAPL Practice guideline for the forensic psychiatric evaluation of competence to stand trial. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 35(4), S3–S72. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munley, P. H. (2002). Comparability of MMPI-2 scales and profiles over time. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 145–160. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA7801_09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestor, P. G., Daggett, D., Haycock, J., & Price, M. (1999). Competence to stand trial: A neuropsychological inquiry. Law and Human Behavior, 23(4), 397–412. doi: 10.1023/A:1022339130582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, R. A., & Kugler, K. E. (1991). Competent and incompetent criminal defendants: A quantitative review of comparative research. Psychological Bulletin, 109(3), 355–370. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, R. A., & McNulty, J. L. (1992). Outcome of hospitalization for defendants found incompetent to stand trial. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 10, 371–383. doi:10.1002/bsl.2370100307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, G. F. (2012). The quandary of unrestorability. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 40, 171–176. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendleton, L. (1980). Treatment of persons found incompetent to stand trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(9), 1098–1100. Retrieved from http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirelli, G., Gottdiener, W. H., & Zapf, P. A. (2011). A meta-analytic review of competency to stand trial research. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 17, 1–53. doi:10.1037/a0021713
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirelli, G., & Zapf, P. A. (2015, March). A meta-analysis of the competence restoration research. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Psychology-Law Society, San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, S. H., Kurtz, J. E., & Houts, D. C. (1996). Four-month test–retest reliability of the MMPI–2 with normal male clergy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 341–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, J. J., Dunn, G. E., & Paolo, A. M. (1995). Temporal stability of the MMPI–2 in a substance abuse sample. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 14, 33–41.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, A. M., & Elwork, A. (1990). Treating incompetence to stand trial. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 57–65. doi:10.1007/BF01055789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008). MMPI-2-RF Technical manual. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Von Cleve, E., Jemelka, R., & Trupin, E. (1991). Reliability of psychological test scores for offenders entering a state prison system. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 18, 159–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, J. I., Murrie, D. C., Stejskal, W., Colwell, L. H., Morris, J., Chauhan, P., & Dietz, P. (2006). Opinion formation in evaluating the adjudicative competence and restorability of criminal defendants: A review of 8,000 evaluations. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 24, 113–132. doi:10.1002/bsl.699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2011). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of intelligence – Second Edition. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2008). WAIS–IV: Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of intelligence. New York: The Psychological Corporation: Harcourt Brace & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, G. S., & Robertson, G. J. (2006). Wide Range Achievement Test - Fourth Edition. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Zapf, P. A., Hubbard, K. L., Cooper, V. G., Wheeles, M. C., & Ronan, K. A. (2004). Have the courts abdicated their responsibility for determination of competency to stand trial to clinicians? Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 4, 27–44. doi:10.1300/J158v04n01_02
   Google Scholar
• Zapf, P. A., & Roesch, R. (2009). Evaluation of competence to stand trial. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Zapf, P. A., & Roesch, R. (2011). Future directions in the restoration of competency to stand trial. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 43–47. doi:10.1177/0963721410396798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zapf, P. A., & Viljoen, J. L. (2003). Issues and considerations regarding the use of assessment instruments in the evaluation of competency to stand trial. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 21, 351–367. doi:10.1002/bsl.535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar