Applying visitor monitoring methods in coastal and marine areas – some learnings and critical reflections from Sweden

References

• Ahas, R., Aasa, A., Roose, A., Mark, Ü, & Silm, S. (2008). Evaluating passive mobile positioning data for tourism surveys: An Estonian case study. Tourism Management, 29(3), 469–486. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahas, R., Silm, S., Järv, O., Saluveer, E., & Tiru, M. (2010). Using mobile positioning data to model locations meaningful to users of mobile phones. Journal of Urban Technology, 17(1), 3–27. doi: 10.1080/10630731003597306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ankre, R. (2009). Zoning in a future coastal biosphere reserve – planning for tourism and outdoor recreation in the Blekinge archipelago, Sweden. ETOUR Working Report 2009:1. Östersund: Mittuniversitetet. 138 p.
   Google Scholar
• Ankre, R. (2007). Understanding the visitor – a prerequisite for coastal zone planning (Licentiate dissertation). Blekinge Institute of Technology, Printfabriken, Karlskrona, 168 p.
   Google Scholar
• Arnberger, A., & Hinterberger, B. (2003). Visitor monitoring methods for managing public use pressures in the Danube Floodplains National Park, Austria. Journal for Nature Conservation, 11(4), 260–267. doi: 10.1078/1617-1381-00057
   Google Scholar
• Blahna, D. J. (2005). Introduction: Recreation management. In L. Kruger, R. Mazza, & K. Lawrence (Eds.), Proceedings: National workshop on recreation research and management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-698 (pp. 101–113). Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Cessford, G., & Burns, R. (2008). Monitoring visitor numbers in New Zealand national parks and protected areas: A literature review and development summary. DOC Research & Development Series 293. Wellington: Science & Technical Publishing, Department of Conservation. 47 p.
   Google Scholar
• Cessford, G., & Muhar, A. (2003). Monitoring options for visitor numbers in national parks and natural areas. Journal for Nature Conservation, 11, 240–250. doi: 10.1078/1617-1381-00055
   Google Scholar
• Cole, D. N. (2006). Visitor and recreation impact monitoring: Is it lost in the gulf between science and management? The George Wright Forum, 23(2), 11–16.
   Google Scholar
• Dolesh, R. J. (2015). The Drones are coming. Parks & Recreation magazine, featured article 2015-03-01. Retrieved from http://www.parksandrecreation.org/2015/March/The-Drones-are-Coming/.
   Google Scholar
• Eagles, P. F. J., & Buteau-Duitschaever, W. (2009). Options for visitor use monitoring for national marine conservation areas in Canada. Report by the Department Of Recreation And Leisure Studies for the Parks Canada Agency. Ontario: University of Waterlo. 103 p.
   Google Scholar
• Eagles, P. F. J., & McCool, S. F. (2002). Monitoring of tourism in national parks and protected areas. In P.F.J. Eagles & S. F. McCool (Eds.), Tourism in national parks and protected areas: Planning and management (pp. 149–170). Oxford: CABI Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Fredman, P., Friberg, L. H., & Emmelin, L. (2005). Friluftsliv och turism i Fulufjället Före – efter nationalparksbildningen. Rapport 5467, nr. 18. Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket. 129 p.
   Google Scholar
• Fredman, P., Romild, U., Emmelin, L., & Yuan, M. (2009). Non-compliance with on-site data collection in outdoor recreation monitoring. Visitor Studies, 12(2), 164–181. doi: 10.1080/10645570903203471
   Google Scholar
• Goodhead, T., & Johnson, D. (Eds.). (2005). Coastal recreation management. The sustainable development of maritime leisure. London: Taylor & Francis. 331 p.
   Google Scholar
• Goossen, M. (2014). New ideas for monitoring visitors. In M. Reimann, K. Sepp, E. Pärna, & R. Tuula (Eds.), The 7th international conference on monitoring and management of visitors in recreational and protected areas (MMV) – local community and outdoor recreation (pp. 121–122). Tallinn: Tallinn University.
   Google Scholar
• Hornback, K. E., & Eagles, P. F. J. (1999). Guidelines for public use measurement and reporting at parks and protected areas ( 92 p). Gland: IUCN.
   Google Scholar
• Horneman, L. N., Beeton, R. J. S., & Hockings, M. (2002). Monitoring visitors to natural areas: A manual with standard methodological guidelines. Gatton Campus: Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, and Sport and Recreation Queensland, the University of Queensland. 151 p.
   Google Scholar
• Kajala, L., Almik, A., Dahl, R., Dikšaitė, L, Erkkonen, J., Fredman, P., … Wallsten, P. (2007). Visitor monitoring in nature areas – a manual based on experiences from the Nordic and Baltic countries (207 p). TemaNord 2007:534. Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket.
   Google Scholar
• Le Berre, S., Peuziat, I., Le Corre, N., & Brigand, L. (2013). Visitor use observation and monitoring in Mediterranean marine protected areas (58 p). MedPAN North project. WWF-France and Parc National de Port-Cros.
   Google Scholar
• Lindhagen, A., & Ahlström, I. (2005). Visitor studies in nature areas – a manual (64 p). Rapport 4. Jönköping: Skogsstyrelsen.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, R. E. (2011). Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction (3rd ed., 448 p). Corvallis: Oregon State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, R. (1991). Flyfotografering og telling av småbåter: En metodestudie fra Nøtterøy- og Tjømeskjærgården, July 1990. AKUP-rapport. Oslo: Olje- og energidepartementet.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, R. (1995). Båtfolks oppfatninger om miljøproblemer og forvaltning i Nøtterøy/Tjømeskjærgården. NINA Oppdragsmelding 340. Trondheim: NINA.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, R. (1997). Environmental attributes in recreational boating. A case study from the Nøtterøy/Tjøme Skerries in southeastern Norway. Norsk geografisk Tidsskrift, 51, 103–121. doi: 10.1080/00291959708552369
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, R. (2013). Besøksregistreringer i nasjonalparker – erfaringer fra kystområder. Workshop presentation, Workshop Gardermoen 17.10.2013, 29 p.
   Google Scholar
• Orellana, D. (2012). Exploring visitor movement patterns in natural recreational areas. Tourism Management, 33, 672–682. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEPA. (2009). Skötselplan för Kosterhavets nationalpark [Management plan for Kosterhavet National Park] ( 230 p). Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket.
   Google Scholar
• SEPA. (2010). BalticSurvey – a study in the Baltic Sea countries of public attitudes and use of the sea: Summary of main results (Report 6382). Stockholm: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Shoval, N., Isaacson, M., & Chhetri, P. (2014). GPS, smartphones, and the future of tourism research. In A. A. Lew, C. M. Hall, & A. M. Williams (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell companion to tourism (Chapter 20). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Smallwood, C. B., Beckley, L. E., Moore, S. A., & Kobryn, H. T. (2011). Assessing patterns of recreational use in large marine parks: A case study from Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 54, 330–340. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenseke, M., & Hansen, A. S. (2014). From rhetoric to knowledge based actions – challenges for outdoor recreation management in Sweden. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 7–8, 26–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2014.09.004
   Google Scholar
• Thamm, H. P., & Judex, M. (2006). The “Low Cost Drone” – an interesting tool for process monitoring in a high spatial and temporal resolution. In Proceedings of the ISPRS commission VII mid-term symposium “Remote sensing from pixels to processes” (pp. 140–144). Enschede, the Netherlands, 8–11 May, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Vorkinn, M. (2014). Nasjonal standard for besöksregistrering i nasjonalparker. Oppsummering av norske og internasjonale erfaringer, anbefalinger for et norsk system. Lillehammer, Norway. 51 p.
   Google Scholar
• Vrana, K. J. (1999). Measurement of public use of marine protected areas. In K. E. Hornback & P. F. J. Eagles (Eds.), Guidelines for public use measurement and reporting at parks and protected areas (pp. 62–70). Gland: IUCN.
   Google Scholar
• Vuorio, T., Emmelin, L., & Sandell, K. (2003). Methods for monitoring outdoor recreation and tourism in large nature areas – the case of Södra Jämtlandsfjällen (78 p.). ETOUR working paper 2003:3. Östersund: Mitthögskolan.
   Google Scholar
• Walden-Schreiner, C., Leung, Y., Newburger, T., & Woiderski, B. (2012). Developing an accessible methodology for monitoring visitor use patterns in open landscapes of Yosemite National Park. Park Science, 29(1), 53–61.
   Google Scholar
• Wall-Reinius, S. (2010). Researching tourists in the outdoors. Challenges and experiences from protected areas in Sweden. In M. C. Hall (Eds.), Fieldwork in tourism: Methods, issues and reflections (pp. 232–239). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Warnken, J., & Blumenstein, M. (2008). Monitoring visitor use in Australian terrestrial and Marine protected areas: Practical applications of methodologies ( 27 p). Queensland: Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, The Gold Coast.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, A. E., Cole, D. N., Turner, D. L., & Reynolds, P. S. (2000). Wilderness recreation use estimation: A handbook of methods and systems. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-56. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 198 p.
   Google Scholar