1,651
Views
42
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Age Differences in Adults' Emotional Motivations for Exposure to Films

, &
Pages 488-511 | Published online: 16 Dec 2008

REFERENCES

  • Arnett , J. 1992 . Reckless behavior in adolescence: A developmental perspective . Developmental Review , 12 : 339 – 373 .
  • Arnett , J. 2000 . Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties . American Psychologist , 55 : 469 – 480 .
  • Arnett , J. 2004 . Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Arnett , J. 2007 . Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? . Child Development Perspectives , 1 : 68 – 73 .
  • Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
  • Barrick , A. , Hutchinson , R. and Deckers , L. 1989 . Age effects on positive and negative emotions . Journal of Social Behavior & Personality , 4 : 421 – 429 .
  • Brim , O. , Ryff , C. and Kessler , R. 2004 . How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Bryant , J. and Zillmann , D. 1984 . Using television to alleviate boredom and stress: Selective exposure as a function of induced excitational states . Journal of Broadcasting , 28 : 1 – 20 .
  • Cantor , J. 1998 . “Mommy I'm scared”: How TV and movies frighten children and what we can do to protect them , San Diego, CA : Harcourt .
  • Cantor , J. 2002 . “ Fright reactions to mass media ” . In Media effects: Advances in theory and research , Edited by: Bryant , J. and Zillmann , D. 287 – 306 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Carstensen , L. , Fung , H. and Charles , S. 2003 . Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life . Motivation and Emotion , 27 : 103 – 123 .
  • Carstensen , L. , Isaacowitz , D. and Charles , S. 1999 . Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity . American Psychologist , 54 : 165 – 181 .
  • Carstensen , L. , Pasupathi , M. , Mayr , U. and Nesselroade , J. 2000 . Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 79 : 644 – 655 .
  • Charles , S. , Reynolds , C. and Gatz , M. 2001 . Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 80 : 136 – 151 .
  • Fredrickson , B. and Carstensen , L. 1990 . Choosing social partners: How old age and anticipated endings make people more selective . Psychology and Aging , 5 : 335 – 347 .
  • Fung , H. , Carstensen , L. and Lang , F. 2001 . Age-related patterns in social networks among European Americans and African Americans: Implications for socioemotional selectivity across the life span . International Journal of Aging & Human Development , 52 : 185 – 206 .
  • Fung , H. , Carstensen , L. and Lutz , A. 1999 . Influence of time on social preferences: Implications for life-span development . Psychology and Aging , 14 December : 595 – 604 .
  • Gross , J. , Carstensen , L. , Pasupathi , M. , Tsai , J. , Götestam Skorpen , C. and Hsu , A. 1997 . Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control . Psychology and Aging , 12 : 590 – 599 .
  • Helregel , B. K. and Weaver , J. B. 1989 . Mood-management during pregnancy through selective exposure to television . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 33 : 15 – 33 .
  • Hoffner , C. and Levine , K. 2005 . Enjoyment of mediated fright and violence: A meta-analysis . Media Psychology , 7 : 207 – 237 .
  • Isaacowitz , D. , Wadlinger , H. , Goren , D. and Wilson , H. 2006 . Selective preference in visual fixation away from negative images in old age? An eye-tracking study . Psychology and Aging , 21 ( 1 ) : 40 – 48 .
  • Knobloch , S. and Zillmann , D. 2002 . Mood management via the digital jukebox . Journal of Communication , 52 : 351 – 366 .
  • Knobloch , S. and Zillmann , D. 2003 . Appeal of love themes in popular music . Psychological Reports , 93 : 653 – 658 .
  • Lang , F. 2000 . Endings and continuity of social relationships: Maximizing intrinsic benefits within personal networks when feeling near to death . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 17 : 155 – 182 .
  • Lang , F. , Staudinger , U. and Carstensen , L. 1998 . Perspectives on socioemotional selectivity in late life: How personality and social context do (and do not) make a difference . Journals of Gerontology: Series B , 53 ( 1 ) : 21 – 30 .
  • Lawton , M. , Kleban , M. , Rajagopal , D. and Dean , J. 1992 . Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups . Psychology and Aging , 7 : 171 – 184 .
  • Leigland , L. , Schulz , L. and Janowsky , J. 2004 . Age related changes in emotional memory . Neurobiology of Aging , 25 : 1117 – 1124 .
  • Mares , M. and Cantor , J. 1992 . Elderly viewers' responses to televised portrayals of old age: Empathy and mood management versus social comparison . Communication Research , 19 : 459 – 478 .
  • Mares , M. L. and Woodard , E. 2006 . In search of the older audience . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 50 : 595 – 614 .
  • Masters , J. , Ford , M. and Arend , R. 1983 . Children's strategies for controlling affective responses to aversive social experience . Motivation and Emotion , 7 ( 1 ) : 103 – 116 .
  • Mather , M. and Carstensen , L. 2005 . Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 9 : 496 – 502 .
  • Mather , M. and Knight , M. 2005 . Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory . Psychology and Aging , 20 : 554 – 570 .
  • Meadowcroft , J. and Zillmann , D. 1987 . Women's comedy preferences during the menstrual cycle . Communication Research , 14 : 204 – 218 .
  • Mikels , J. , Larkin , G. , Reuter-Lorenz , P. and Cartensen , L. 2005 . Divergent trajectories in the aging mind: Changes in working memory for affective versus visual information with age . Psychology and Aging , 20 : 542 – 553 .
  • Oliver , M. B. 1993 . Exploring the paradox of the enjoyment of sad films . Human Communication Research , 19 : 315 – 342 .
  • Oliver , M. B. 2008 . Tender affective states as predictors of entertainment preference . Journal of Communication , 58 : 40 – 61 .
  • Oliver , M. B. , Sargent , S. and Weaver , J. 1998 . The impact of sex and gender role self-perception on affective reactions to different types of film . Sex Roles , 38 : 45 – 62 .
  • Oliver , M. , Weaver , J. and Sargent , S. 2000 . An examination of factors related to sex differences in enjoyment of sad films . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 44 : 282 – 300 .
  • Phillips , L. , Henry , J. , Hosie , J. and Milne , A. 2006 . Age, anger regulation and well-being . Aging & Mental Health , 10 May : 250 – 256 .
  • Preacher , K. J. and Hayes , A. F. 2004 . SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models . Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers , 36 : 717 – 731 .
  • Preacher , K. J. and Hayes , A. F. 2008 . Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models . Behavior Research Methods , 40 : 879 – 891 .
  • Ryan , R. M. and Deci , E. L. 2001 . On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being . Annual Review of Psychology , 52 : 141 – 166 .
  • Schulenberg , J. , O'Malley , P. M. and Bachman , J. G. 2005 . “ Early adult transitions and their relation to well-being and substance use ” . In On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy , Edited by: Settersten , R. A. , Furstenberg , F. F. and Rumbaut , R. G. 417 – 453 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Sparks , G. 1991 . The relationship between distress and delight in males' and females' reactions to frightening films . Human Communication Research , 17 : 625 – 637 .
  • Suls , J. and Mullen , B. 1982 . “ From the cradle to the grave: Comparison and self-evaluation across the life-span ” . In Psychological perspectives of the self , Edited by: Suls , J. Vol. 1 , 97 – 125 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Waterman , A. S. 1993 . Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 : 678 – 691 .
  • Weaver , J. B. 1991 . Exploring the links between personality and media preferences . Personality and Individual Differences , 12 : 1293 – 1299 .
  • Zillmann , D. 1985 . “ The experimental exploration of gratifications from media entertainment ” . In Media gratifications research: Current perspectives , Edited by: Rosengren , K. E. , Wenner , L. A. and Palmgreen , P. 225 – 239 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Zillmann , D. 1988 . “ Mood management: Using entertainment to full advantage ” . In Communication, social cognition, and affect , Edited by: Donahew , L. , Sypher , H. E. and Higgins , E. T. 147 – 171 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Zillmann , D. , Hezel , R. and Medoff , N. 1980 . The effect of affective states on selective exposure to televised entertainment fare . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 10 : 323 – 339 .
  • Zillmann , D. , Weaver , J. , Mundorf , N. and Aust , C. 1986 . Effects of an opposite-gender companion's affect to horror on distress, delight, and attraction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 586 – 594 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.