666
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Exemplification Effects of Multimedia Enhancements

Pages 396-419 | Received 22 Jul 2011, Published online: 28 Nov 2012

REFERENCES

  • Appiah , O. 2006 . Rich media, poor media: The impact of audio/video vs. text/picture testimonial ads on browsers' evaluations of commercial Web sites and online products . Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising , 28 : 73 – 86 .
  • Arpan , L. 2009 . The effects of exemplification on perceptions of news credibility . Mass Communication and Society , 12 : 249 – 270 . doi:10.1080/15205430802136721
  • Aust , C. F. and Zillmann , D. 1996 . Effects of victim exemplification in television news on viewer perception of social issues . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 73 : 787 – 803 . doi:10.1177/10776990960730040
  • Baddeley , A. 1992 . Working memory . Science , 225 : 556 – 559 . doi:10.1126/science.1736359
  • Baesler , E. J. and Burgoon , J. K. 1994 . The temporal effects of story and statistical evidence on belief change . Communication Research , 21 : 582 – 602 . doi: 10.1177/009365094021005002
  • Baran , S. J. and Davis , D. K. 2006 . Mass communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future, , 4th ed. Belmont , CA : Thompson Wadsworth. .
  • Baumeister , R. F. , Bratslavsky , E. , Finkernauer , C. and Vohs , K. D. 2001 . Bad is stronger than good . Review of General Psychology , 5 : 332 – 370 . doi:10.1037/1089–2680.5.4.323
  • Brosius , H.-B. 1993 . The effects of emotional pictures in television news . Communication Research , 20 : 105 – 124 . doi:10.1177/009365093020001005
  • Brosius , H.-B. 1999 . The influence of exemplars on recipients' judgments: The parts played by similarity between exemplar and recipient . European Journal of Communication , 14 : 213 – 224 . doi:10.1177/0267323199014002004
  • Brosius , H.-B. 2003 . “ Exemplars in the news: A theory of the effects of political communication. ” . In Communication and emotion: Essays in honor of Dolf Zillmann Edited by: Bryant , J. , Roskos-Ewoldsen , D. and Cantor , J. 179 – 196 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. .
  • Brosius , H.-B. and Bathelt , A. 1994 . The utility of exemplars in persuasive communication . Communication Research , 21 : 48 – 78 . doi:10.1177/009365094021001004
  • Brosius , H.-B. , Donsbach , W. and Birk , M. 1996 . How do text-picture relations affect the informational effectiveness of television newscasts . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 40 : 180 – 195 . doi:10.1080/08838159609364343
  • Carpentier , F. R. D. 2008 . Applicability of the informational utility model for radio news . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 85 : 577 – 590 . doi:10.1177/107769900808500306
  • Chang , H.-C. Counteracting the biasing effects of unrepresentative news exemplification on issue perception: Implications of the base-rate fallacy research from psychology . Paper presented at the annual conference of the International Communication Association . San Diego , CA . May .
  • Chen , S. , Duckworth , K. and Chaiken , S. 1999 . Motivated heuristic and systematic processing . Psychological Inquiry , 10 : 44 – 49 . doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1001_6
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, , 2nd ed. Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum. .
  • Collins , R. L. , Taylor , S. E. , Wood , J. V. and Thompson , S. C. 1988 . The vividness effect: Elusive or illusory . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 24 : 1 – 18 . doi:10.1016/0022–1031(88)90041–8
  • Coupey , E. and Sandgathe , E. 2000 . Rethinking research on communication media: Information modality and message structuring . Advances in Consumer Research , 27 : 224 – 229 .
  • Coyle , J. and Thorson , E. 2001 . The effects of progressive levels of interactivity and vividness in web marketing sites . Journal of Advertising , 30 : 65 – 77 .
  • Daft , R. L. and Lengel , R. H. 1986 . Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design . Management Science , 32 : 554 – 571 . doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554
  • Daschmann , G. 2008 . “ Effects of exemplification and exemplars. ” . In The international encyclopedia of communication Edited by: Donsbach , W. 1632 – 1636 . Boston , MA : Blackwell. .
  • de Jong , M. and van der Geest , T. 2000 . Characterizing web heuristics . Technical Communication , 47 : 311 – 326 .
  • Deuze , M. 2004 . What is multimedia journalism? . Journalism Studies , 5 : 139 – 152 . doi:10.1080/1461670042000211131
  • Dimitrova , D. and Neznanski , M. 2006 . Online journalism and the war in cyberspace: A comparison between U.S. and international newspapers . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , 12 : 248 – 263 . doi:10.1111/j.1083–6101.2006.00324.x
  • Fortin , D. R. and Dholakia , R. R. 2005 . Interactivity and vividness effects on social presence and involvement with a web-based advertisement . Journal of Business Research , 58 : 287 – 296 . doi:10.1016/S0148–2963(03)
  • Gibson , R. , Hester , J. B. and Stewart , S. 2001 . Pull quotes shape reader perceptions of news stories . Newspaper Research Journal , 22 : 66 – 78 .
  • Gibson , R. , Smith , D. and Hester , J. B. Effects of gay and lesbian exemplars in news stories on reader perceptions . Paper presented at annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . Chicago , IL . August .
  • Gibson , R. and Zillmann , D. 1993 . The impact of quotation in news reports on issue perception . Journalism Quarterly , 70 : 793 – 800 . doi:10.1177/107769909307000405
  • Gibson , R. and Zillmann , D. 1994 . Exaggerated versus representative exemplification in news reports . Communication Research , 21 : 603 – 624 . doi:10.1177/009365094021005003
  • Gibson , R. and Zillmann , D. 1998 . Effects of citation in exemplifying testimony on issue perception . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 75 : 167 – 176 . doi:10.1177/107769909807500116
  • Gibson , R. and Zillmann , D. 2000 . Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 77 : 355 – 366 . doi:10.1177/107769900007700209
  • Griffin , J. L. and Stevenson , R. L. 1994 . The effectiveness of locator maps in increasing reader understanding of the geography of foreign news . Journalism Quarterly , 71 : 937 – 946 . doi:10.1177/107769909407100417
  • Ito , T. A. , Larsen , J. T. , Smith , N. K. and Cacioppo , J. T. 1998 . Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 887 – 900 . doi:10.1037/0022–3514.75.4.887
  • Jeong , Y. , Tran , H. and Zhao , X. 2012 . How much is too much? The collective impact of repetition and position in multi-segment sports broadcast . Journal of Advertising Research , 52 : 87 – 101 . doi:10.2501/JAR-52–1-087–101
  • Kahneman , D. , Slovic , P. and Tversky , A. , eds. 1982 . Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York , NY : Cambridge University Press. .
  • Kiousis , S. 2006 . Exploring the impact of modality on perceptions of credibility for online news stories . Journalism Studies , 7 : 348 – 359 . doi:10.1080/14616700500533668
  • Klin , C. M. , Guzmán , A. E. and Levine , W. H. 1999 . Prevalence and persistence of predictive inferences . Journal of Memory and Language , 40 : 593 – 604 . doi:10.1006/jmla.1998.2628
  • Klin , C. M. , Murray , J. D. , Levine , W. H. and Guzmán , A. E. 1999 . Forward inferences: From activation to long-term memory . Discourse Processes , 27 : 241 – 260 . doi:10.1080/01638539909545062
  • Knobloch , S. , Carpentier , F. D. and Zillmann , D. 2003 . Effects of salience dimensions of informational utility on selective exposure to online news . Journalism & Mass Communicaton Quarterly , 80 : 91 – 108 . doi:10.1177/107769900308000107
  • Knobloch , S. , Hastall , M. , Zillmann , D. and Callison , C. 2003 . Imagery effects on the selective reading of internet newsmagazine . Communication Research , 30 : 3 – 29 . doi:10.1177/0093650202239023
  • Knobloch-Westerwick , S. and Kleinman , S. B. 2012 . Preelection selective exposure: Confirmation bias versus informational utility . Communication Research , 39 : 170 – 193 . doi:10.1177/0093650211400597
  • Lefevere , J. , De Swert , K. and Walgrave , S. 2012 . Effects of popular exemplars in television news . Communication Research , 39 : 103 – 119 . doi:10.1177/0093650210387124
  • Li , H. , Daugherty , T. and Biocca , F. 2003 . The role of virtual experience in consumer learning . Journal of Consumer Psychology , 13 : 395 – 407 . doi:10.1207/S15327663JCP1304_07
  • Mayer , R. E. 2001 . Multimedia learning. New York , NY : Cambridge University Press. .
  • Nisbett , R. E. and Ross , L. 1980 . Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall. .
  • Paivio , A. 1986 . Mental representations: A dual coding approach. New York , NY : Oxford University Press. .
  • Penney , C. G. 1989 . Modality effects and the structure of short-term verbal memory . Memory & Cognition , 17 : 398 – 422 . doi:10.3758/BF03202613
  • Perry , S. D. and Gonzenbach , W. J. 1997 . Effects of news exemplification extended: Considerations of controversiality and perceived future opinion . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 41 : 229 – 244 . doi:10.1080/08838159709364403
  • Pipps , V. , Walter , H. , Endres , K. and Tabatcher , P. 2009 . Information recall of internet news: Does design make a difference? A pilot study . Journal of Magazine & New Media Research , 11 : 1 – 20 .
  • Rockwell , S. C. and Singleton , L. A. 2007 . The effect of the modality of presentation of streaming multimedia on information acquisition . Media Psychology , 9 : 179 – 191 . doi:10.1080/15213260701279689
  • Rozin , P. and Royzman , E. B. 2001 . Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 5 : 296 – 320 . doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR504_2
  • Smith , S. M. and Shaffer , D. R. 2000 . Vividness can undermine or enhance message processing: The moderating role of vividness congruency . Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 : 769 – 779 . doi:10.1177/0146167200269003.
  • Steuer , J. 1992 . Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence . Journal of Communication , 42 : 73 – 93 . doi:10.1111/j.1460–2466.1992.tb00812.x
  • Sundar , S. , Kalyanaraman , S. and Jones , E. Modality effects on memory for multimedia messages . Paper presented at the General Assembly and Scientific Conference of the International Association for Media and Communication Research . Singapore . July .
  • Sundar , S. 2000 . Multimedia effects on processing and perception of online news: A study of picture, audio, and video downloads . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 77 : 480 – 499 . doi:10.1177/107769900007700302
  • Sweller , J. , van Merrienboer , J. J. G. and Paas , F. G. W. C. 1998 . Cognitive architecture and instructional design . Educational Psychology Review , 10 : 251 – 296 . doi: 10.1023/A:1022193728205
  • Taylor , S. E. and Thompson , S. C. 1982 . Stalking the elusive “vividness” effect . Psychological Review , 89 : 155 – 181 . doi:10.1037/0033–295X.89.2.155
  • Tremayne , M. , Weiss , A. S. and Alves , R. C. 2007 . From product to service: The diffusion of dynamic content in online newspapers . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 84 : 825 – 939 . doi:10.1177/107769900708400411
  • Wanta , W. , Golan , G. and Lee , C. 2004 . Agenda setting and international news: Media influence on public perceptions of foreign news . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 81 : 364 – 377 . doi:10.1177/107769900408100209
  • Yaros , R. 2009 . Mastering multimedia . American Journalism Review , 31 : 28 – 31 .
  • Zillmann , D. 1999 . Exemplification theory: Judging the whole by some of its parts . Media Psychology , 1 : 69 – 94 . doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0101_5
  • Zillmann , D. 2000 . “ Mood management in the context of selective exposure theory. ” . In Communication Yearbook Edited by: Rolloff , M. E. Vol. 23 , 103 – 123 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage. .
  • Zillmann , D. 2002 . “ Exemplification theory of media influence. ” . In Advances in theory and research, , 2nd ed. Edited by: Bryant , J. and Zillmann , D. 19 – 41 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. .
  • Zillmann , D. 2006 . Exemplification effects in the promotion of safety and health . Journal of Communication , 56 ( Suppl. ) : S221 – S237 . doi:10.1111/j.1460–2466.2006.00291.x
  • Zillmann , D. and Brosius , H-B. 2000 . Exemplification in communication: The influence of case reports on the perception of issues. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. .
  • Zillmann , D. , Chen , L. , Knobloch , S. and Callison , C. 2004 . Effects of lead framing on selective exposure to Internet news reports . Communication Research , 31 : 58 – 81 . doi:10.1177/0093650203260201
  • Zillmann , D. and Gan , S.-L. 1996 . Effects of threatening images in news programs on the perception of risks to others and self . Medienpsychologie , 8 : 288 – 305 .
  • Zillmann , D. , Gibson , R. , Ordman , V. J. and Aust , C. F. 1994 . Effects of upbeat stories on broadcast news . Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media , 38 : 65 – 78 . doi:10.1080/08838159409364246
  • Zillmann , D. , Gibson , R. and Sargent , S. L. 1999 . Effects of photographs in news-magazine reports on issue perception . Media Psychology , 1 : 207 – 228 . doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0103_2
  • Zillmann , D. , Gibson , R. , Sundar , S. and Perkins , J. W. 1996 . Effects of exemplification in news reports on the perception of social issues . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 73 : 427 – 444 . doi:10.1177/107769909607300213

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.