Emotional Arousal Shifts the Effect of Ad Placement on Ad Recognition

REFERENCES

• Abramovich, G. (2013, August 28). 15 mind-blowing stats about online video advertising. CMO by Adobe. Retrieved from http://www.cmo.com/articles/2013/8/27/video_15_mind_blowing.html
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C. (2003). Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 415–445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C., Green, C., & McCulloch, K. C. (2000). Similarity and inhibition in long-term memory: evidence for a two-factor theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 1141–1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 2, 89–195.
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. (2010). Working memory. Current Biology, 20, 136–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, S. S., & Dholakia, R. R. (2008). Mobile advertising: does location based advertising work? International Journal of Mobile Marketing. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2135087
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, L. F., Tugade, M. M., & Engle, R. W. (2004). Individual differences in working memory capacity and dual-process theories of the mind. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 553–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolls, P. D., Lang, A., & Potter, R. F. (2001). The effects of message valence and listener arousal on attention, memory, and facial muscular responses to radio advertisements. Communication Research, 28, 627–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 49–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, M. M., Miccoli, L., Escrig, M. A., & Lang, P. J. (2008). The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation. Psychophysiology, 45, 602–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunel, F. F., & Nelson, M. R. (2003). Message order effects and gender differences in advertising persuasion. Journal of Advertising Research, 43, 330–341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushman, B. J. (1998). Priming effects of media violence on the accessibility of aggressive constructs in memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 537–545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolcos, F., & McCarthy, G. (2006). Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 2072–2079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucette, E. (2013, July 10). The new era of product placements in viral videos. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/elisadoucette/2013/07/10/the-new-era-of-product-placement-in-viral-videos/
   Google Scholar
• Duff, B. R. L., Yoon, G., Wang, Z., & Anghelcev, G. (2014). Doing it all: An exploratory study of predictors of media multitasking. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 14(1), 11–23.
   Google Scholar
• Edelson, M., Sharot, T., Dolan, R. J., & Dudai, Y. (2011). Following the crowd: brain substrates of long-term memory conformity. Science, 333, 108–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, H. C., & Ashbrook, P. W. (1988). Resource allocation model of the effects of depressed mood states on memory. In K. Fiedler & J. P. Forgas (Eds.), Affect, cognition and social behavior (pp. 25–43). Göttingen: C. J. Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Ephron, E. (2005, September). Delivering the message: How consumer involvement flows from magazine edit to advertising. The Source, Mediamark Research Inc, Volume 3. Retrieved from http://www.gfkmri.com/mri/TheSource/sorc2005_09.htm
   Google Scholar
• Erk, S., Kleczar, A., & Walter, H. (2007). Valence-specific regulation effects in a working memory task with emotional context. Neuroimage, 37, 623–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, H. J. (1982). The biological basis of cross-cultural differences in personality: Blood group antigens. Psychological Reports, 51, 531–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillund, G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychological Review, 91, 1–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, K. S., & Hodges, J. R. (1997). Differentiating the roles of the hippocampus complex and the neocortex in long-term memory storage: Evidence from the study of semantic dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 11, 77–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, B. (1997). The expanded ARF model: Bridge to the accountable advertising future. Journal of Advertising Research, 1, 11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Healy, A. F., & McNamara, D. S. (1996). Verbal learning and memory: Does the modal model still work? Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 143–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinz, S., Hug, M., Nugaeva, C., & Opwis, K. (2013, April). Online ad banners: the effects of goal orientation and content congruence on memory. In W. E. Mackay (Ed.), CHI’13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1875–1880). New York, NY: ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Kapur, S., Craik, F. I., Tulving, E., Wilson, A. A., Houle, S., & Brown, G. M. (1994). Neuroanatomical correlates of encoding in episodic memory: Levels of processing effect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91, 2008–2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalfa, S., Isabelle, P., Jean-Pierre, B., & Manon, R. (2002). Event-related skin conductance responses to musical emotions in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 328, 145–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause-Utz, A., Oei, N. Y. L., Niedtfeld, I., Bohus, M., Spinhoven, P., Schmahl, C., & Elzinga, B. M. (2012). Influence of emotional distraction on working memory performance in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 42, 2181–2192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, R. D., Chua, P. M., & Dolan, R. J. (1999). Common effects of emotional valence, arousal and attention on neural activation during visual processing of pictures. Neuropsychologia, 37, 989–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, A., Newhagen, J., & Reeves, B. (1996). Negative video as structure: Emotion, attention, capacity, and memory. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40, 460–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). International affective picture system (IAPS): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Retrieved from: http://www.bcnnic.nl/txt/research/research_Pharmaco_fMRI/bibliography/lang2008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lehman, M., & Malmberg, K. J. (2009). A global theory of remembering and forgetting from multiple lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 970–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman, M., & Malmberg, K. J. (2011). Overcoming the effects of intentional forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 39, 335–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman, M., & Malmberg, K. J. (2013). A buffer model of memory encoding and temporal correlations in retrieval. Psychological Review, 120, 155–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C. (2010). Primacy effect or recency effect? A long‐term memory test of Super Bowl commercials. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 9, 32–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg, K. J., & Shiffrin, R. M. (2005). The” one-shot” hypothesis for context storage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 322–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy, S., Everard, A., Galletta, D., & Polak, P. (2004). A study of the effects of online advertising: A focus on pop-up and in-line Ads. SIGHCI 2004 Proceedings, 11, 50–54.
   Google Scholar
• Mei, T., Hua, X. S., & Li, S. (2008). Contextual in-image advertising. In A. E. Saddik, & S. Vuong (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia, New York (pp. 439–448). New York, NY: ACM Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, J. N., Pickett, G. M., & Grove, S. J. (1999). The impact of a video screen and rotational-signage systems on satisfaction and advertising recognition. Journal of Services Marketing, 13, 453–468.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, S. J., & Wu, B. (2003). Evaluating the significance of placement on recall of advertisements during the Super Bowl. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 25, 57–67.
   Google Scholar
• Newhagen, J. E., & Reeves, B. (1992). The evening’s bad news: Effects of compelling negative television news images on memory. Journal of Communication, 42, 25–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, R. L., Bailey, R. L., Bolls, P. D., & Wise, K. R. (2012). Effects of emotional tone and visual complexity on processing health information in prescription drug advertising. Health Communication, 27, 42–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavelchak, M. A., Antil, J. H., & Munch, J. M. (1988). The Super Bowl: An investigation into the relationship among program context, emotional experience, and ad recall. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 360–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pessoa, L. (2005). To what extent are emotional visual stimuli processed without attention and awareness? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 188–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieters, R., & Wedel, M. (2007). Goal control of attention to advertising: The Yarbus implication. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 224–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, N. K., & Voges, K. E. (1995). Short term recall and recognition of advertising and signage in telecast stadium sporting events. In K. Grant, & I. Walker (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1995 World Marketing Congress (pp. 13–20). Melbourne, Australia: Academy of Marketing Science.
   Google Scholar
• Potter, M. C. (1976). Short-term conceptual memory for pictures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2, 509–522.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raaijmakers, J. G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1981). Search of associative memory. Psychological Review, 88, 93–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymond, B. (1969). Short-term storage and long-term storage in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 567–574.
   Google Scholar
• Rudolph, S. (2014, November 4). Digital media consumption: Statistics and trends. Business 2 Community. Retrieved from: http://www.business2community.com/infographics/digital-media-consumption-statistics-trends-01055780
   Google Scholar
• Russell, J. A. (1979). Affective space is bipolar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 345–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Attention control, memory updating, and emotion regulation temporarily reduce the capacity for executive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 241–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmolck, H., Buffalo, E. A., & Squire, L. R. (2000). Memory distortions develop over time: Recollections of the OJ Simpson trial verdict after 15 and 32 months. Psychological Science, 11, 39–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffrin, R. M., & Atkinson, R. C. (1969). Storage and retrieval processes in long-term memory. Psychological Review, 76, 179–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiffrin, R. M., & Steyvers, M. (1997). A model for recognition memory: REM—retrieving effectively from memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4, 145–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. E., & Hunt, R. R. (2000). The effects of distinctiveness require reinstatement of organization: The importance of intentional memory instructions. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 431–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashchian, A., White, J. D., & Pak, S. (1988). Signal detection analysis and advertising recognition: An introduction to measurement and interpretation issues. Journal of Marketing Research, 25, 397–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry, W. S. (2005). Serial position effects in recall of television commercials. The Journal of General Psychology, 132, 151–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., & Nelson, M. R. (2014). Tablet as human: How intensity and stability of the user-tablet relationship influences users’ impression formation of tablet computers. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 81–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar