6,089
Views
55
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Shared identity and shared information in social media: development and validation of the identity bubble reinforcement scale

, , &

References

  • Abisheva, A., Garcia, D., & Schweitzer, F. (2016, May). When the filter bubble bursts: Collective evaluation dynamics in online communities. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Web Science, Hannover, Germany. (pp. 307–308). New York, NY: ACM.
  • Atzmüller, C., & Steiner, P. M. (2010). Experimental vignette studies in survey research. Methodology, 6(3), 128–138. doi:10.1027/1614-2241/a000014
  • Bahns, A. J., Pickett, K. M., & Crandal, C. S. (2011). Social ecology of similarity: Big schools, small schools and social relationships. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 15(1), 119–131. doi:10.1177/1368430211410751
  • Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1160
  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
  • Bessi, A., Coletto, M., Davidescu, G. A., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2015). Science vs conspiracy: Collective narratives in the age of misinformation. PLoS ONE, 10(2). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118093
  • Boutyline, A., & Willer, R. (2017). The social structure of political echo chambers: Variation in ideological homophily in online networks. Political Psychology, 38(3), 551–569. doi:10.1111/pops.12337
  • Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
  • Bozdag, E., Gao, Q., Houben, G. J., & Warnier, M. (2014). Does offline political segregation affect the filter bubble? An empirical analysis of information diversity for Dutch and Turkish Twitter users. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 405–415. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.028
  • Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980
  • Burke Jarvis, C., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199–218. doi:10.1086/376806
  • Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1(2), 245–276.
  • Chung, J. E. (2013). Social interaction in online support groups: Preference for online social interaction over offline social interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1408–1414. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.019
  • Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The spreading of misinformation online. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(3), 554–559.
  • Densley, J., & Peterson, J. (2017). Aggression in groups. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 43–48. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.031
  • Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399–412. doi:10.1111/bjop.12046
  • Eisinga, R., Te Grotenhuis, M., & Pelzer, B. (2013). The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown? International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637–642. doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3
  • Flanagin, A. J. (2017). Online social influence and the convergence of mass and interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 43, 450–463. doi:10.1111/hcre.12116
  • Flanagin, A. J., Hocevar, K. P., & Samahito, S. N. (2014). Connecting with the user-generated Web: How group identification impacts online information sharing and evaluation. Information, Communication and Society, 17(6), 683–694. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2013.808361
  • Gearhart, S., & Zhang, W. (2015). “Was it something I said?” “No, it was something you posted!” A study of the spiral of silence theory in social media contexts. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(4), 208–213. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0443
  • Guo, T.-C., & Li, X. (2016). Positive relationship between individuality and social identity in virtual communities: Self-categorization and social identification as distinct forms of social identity. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(11), 680–685. doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0290
  • Hartl, A. C., Laursen, B., & Cillessen, A. H. (2015). A survival analysis of adolescent friendships: The downside of dissimilarity. Psychological Science, 26(8), 1304–1315. doi:10.1177/0956797615588751
  • Himelboim, I., Smith, M., & Shneiderman, B. (2013). Tweeting apart: Applying networks analysis to explore selective exposure on Twitter. Communication Methods and Measures, 7(3), 169–197. doi:10.1080/19312458.2013.813922
  • Himelboim, I., Sweetser, K. D., Tinkham, S. F., Cameron, K., Danelo, M., & West, K. (2016). Valence-based homophily on Twitter: Network analysis of emotions and political talk in the 2012 presidential election. New Media and Society, 18(7), 1382–1400. doi:10.1177/1461444814555096
  • Hocevar, K. P., Flanagin, A. J., & Metzger, M. J. (2014). Social media self-efficacy and information evaluation online. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 254–262. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.020
  • Hogg, M. A., & Rinella, M. J. (2018). Social identities and shared realities. Current Opinion in Psychology, 23, 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.10.003
  • Holtz, R., & Miller, N. (1985). Assumed similarity and opinion certainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(4), 890–898. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.890
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Imhoff, R., Dotsch, R., Bianchi, M., Banse, R., & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2011). Facing Europe: Visualizing spontaneous in-group projection. Psychological Science, 22(12), 1583–1590. doi:10.1177/0956797611419675
  • Jans, L., Leach, C. W., Garcia, R. L., & Postmes, T. (2015). The development of group influence on in-group identification: A multilevel approach. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 18(2), 190–209. doi:10.1177/1368430214540757
  • Jones, P. E. (2004). False consensus in social context: Differential projection and perceived social distance. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 417–429. doi:10.1348/0144666042038015
  • Jost, J. T., Barberá, P., Bonneau, R., Langer, M., Metzger, M., Nagler, J., … Tucker, J. A. (2018). How social media facilitates political protest: Information, motivation, and social networks. Advances in Political Psychology, 39(Suppl. 1), 85–118. doi:10.1111/pops.12478
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
  • Kang, J. H., & Chung, D. Y. (2017). Homophily in anonymous online community: Sociodemographic versus personality traits. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0227
  • Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
  • Keipi, T., Näsi, M., Oksanen, A., & Räsänen, P. (2017). Online hate and harmful content: Cross-national perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Kuru, O., Pasek, J., & Traugott, M. W. (2017). Motivated reasoning in the perceived credibility of public opinion polls. Public Opinion Quarterly, 81(2), 422–446. doi:10.1093/poq/nfx018
  • Leach, C. W., Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2007). Group virtue: The importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(2), 234–249. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.234
  • Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144–165. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144
  • Lehdonvirta, V., & Räsänen, P. (2011). How do young people identify with online and offline peer groups? A comparison between UK, Spain and Japan. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(1), 91–108. doi:10.1080/13676261.2010.506530
  • Little, T. D., Slegers, D. W., & Card, N. A. (2007). A nonarbitrary method of identifying and scaling latent variables in SEM and MACS models. Structural Equation Modeling, 13(1), 59–72. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1301_3
  • Liu, Y., Rui, J. R., & Cui, X. (2017). Are people willing to share their political opinions on Facebook? Exploring roles of self-presentational concern in spiral of silence. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 294–302. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.029
  • McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., & Daly, J. A. (1975). The development of a measure of perceived homophily in interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1(4), 323–332. doi:10.1111/hcre.1975.1.issue-4
  • McCroskey, L. L., McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (2006). Analysis and improvement of the measurement of interpersonal attraction and homophily. Communication Quarterly, 54(1), 1–31. doi:10.1080/01463370500270322
  • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
  • Meerkerk, G. J., Van Den Eijnden, R. J., Vermulst, A. A., & Garretsen, H. F. (2009). The compulsive Internet use scale (CIUS): Some psychometric properties. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 12, 1–6. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0181
  • Messing, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2014). Selective exposure in the age of social media: Endorsements trump partisan source affiliation when selecting news online. Communication Research, 41(8), 1042–1063. doi:10.1177/0093650212466406
  • Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., & Medders, R. B. (2010). Social and heuristic approaches to credibility evaluation online. Journal of Communication, 60, 413–439. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01488.x
  • Mikal, J. P., Rice, R. E., Kent, R. G., & Uchino, B. N. (2016). 100 million strong: A case study of group identification and deindividuation on Imgur.com. New Media and Society, 18(11), 2485–2506. doi:10.1177/1461444815588766
  • Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to inter-group difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 158–174. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0302_4
  • Näsi, M., Räsänen, P., Oksanen, A., Hawdon, J., Keipi, T., & Holkeri, E. (2014). Association between online harassment and exposure to harmful online content: A cross-national comparison between the United States and Finland. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 137–145. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.019
  • Nguyen, T. T., Hui, P. M., Harper, F. M., Teryeen, L., & Konstan, J. A. (2014). Exploring the filter bubble: The effect of using recommender systems on content diversity. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 677–686). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2566486.2568012
  • Oksanen, A., Hawdon, J., & Räsänen, P. (2014). Glamorizing rampage online: School shooting fan communities on YouTube. Technology in Society, 39, 55–67. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2014.08.001
  • Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the Turk: Understanding mechanical turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 184–188. doi:10.1177/0963721414531598
  • Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. London, England: Penguin.
  • Postmes, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jans, L. (2013). A single‐item measure of social identification: Reliability, validity, and utility. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 597–617. doi:10.1111/bjso.12006
  • Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004
  • Robinson, D. T., & Aikens, L. (2010). Homophily. In J. M. Levine & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations (pp. 669–672). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781412972017.n121
  • Rogers, T., Moore, D. A., & Norton, M. I. (2017). The belief in a favorable future. Psychological Science, 28(9), 1290–1301. doi:10.1177/0956797617706706
  • Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 279–301. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-X
  • Sallinen‐Kuparinen, A., McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1991). Willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, introversion, and self‐reported communication competence: Finnish and American comparisons. Communication Research Reports, 8(1), 55–64. doi:10.1080/08824099109359876
  • Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The robbers cave experiment. Norman, OK: University Book Exchange.
  • Shin, S. Y., Van der Heide, B., Beyea, D., Dai, Y., & Prchal, B. (2017). Investigating moderating roles of goals, reviewer similarity, and self-disclosure on the effect of argument quality of online consumer reviews on attitude formation. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 218–226. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.024
  • Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149‒178. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420010202
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks Cole.
  • Turel, O. (2015). An empirical examination of the “vicious cycle” of Facebook addiction. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 55(3), 83–91. doi:10.1080/08874417.2015.11645775
  • Turel, O., & Osatuyi, B. (2017). A peer-influence perspective on compulsive social networking site use: Trait mindfulness as a double-edged sword. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.022
  • Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 77–122). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
  • Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & McGarty, C. (1994). Self and collective: Cognition and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 454‒463. doi:10.1177/0146167294205002
  • Turner, J. C., & Reynolds, K. J. (2010). The story of social identity. In T. Postmes & N. R. Branscombe (Eds.), Rediscovering social identity: Key readings (pp. 13‒32). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Watkins, M. W. (2017). The reliability of multidimensional neuropsychological measures: From alpha to omega. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 31(6–7), 1113–1126. doi:10.1080/13854046.2017.1317364
  • Westen, D., Blagov, P. S., Harenski, K., Kilts, C., & Hamann, S. (2006). Neural bases of motivated reasoning: An fMRI study of emotional constraints on partisan political judgment in the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(11), 1947–1958. doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1947
  • Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A review of Facebook research in the social sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203–220. doi:10.1177/1745691612442904
  • Zerback, T., & Fawzi, N. (2017). Can online exemplars trigger a spiral of silence? Examining the effects of exemplar opinions on perceptions of public opinion and speaking out. New Media and Society, 19(7), 1034–1051. doi:10.1177/1461444815625942
  • Ziva, K. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480–498. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480
  • Zollo, F., Bessi, A., Del Vicario, M., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Shekhtman, L., … Quattrociocchi, W. (2017). Debunking in a world of tribes. PloS ONE, 12(7), e0181821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181821
  • Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J., Trilling, D., Moeller, J., Bodó, B., De Vreese, C. H., & Helberger, N. (2016). Should we worry about filter bubbles? Internet Policy Review, 5(1), 1–16. doi:10.14763/2016.1.401

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.