References
- Abdelhakeem SG, Aboulroos SA, Kamel MM. 2016. Performance of a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland under different operational conditions. J Adv Res. 7(5):803–814. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.12.002.
- Akinbile CO, Yusoff MS, Ahmad Zuki AZ. 2012. Landfill leachate treatment using sub-surface flow constructed wetlands by Cyperus haspan. Waste Manag. 32(7):1387–1393. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.002.
- Arivoli A, Mohanraj R, Seenivasan R. 2015. Application of vertical flow constructed wetland in treatment of heavy metals from pulp and paper industry wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 22(17):13336–13343. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4594-4.
- Bakhshoodeh R, Alavi N, Oldham C, Santos RM, Babaei AA, Vymazal J, Paydary P. 2020. Constructed wetlands for landfill leachate treatment: a review. Ecol Eng. 146:105725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105725.
- Barbosa RMT, de Almeida AF, Mielke MS, Loguercio LL, Mangabeira PAO, Gomes FP. 2007. A physiological analysis of Genipa americana L.: a potential phytoremediator tree for chromium polluted watersheds. Environ Exp Bot. 61(3):264–271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.06.001.
- Baun DL, Christensen TH. 2004. Speciation of heavy metals in landfill leachate: a review. Waste Manag Res. 22(1):3–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X04042146.
- Bragato C, Schiavon M, Polese R, Ertani A, Pittarello M, Malagoli M. 2009. Seasonal variations of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentration in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex steudel in a constructed wetland of North Italy. Desalination. 246(1-3):35–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.02.036.
- Caldelas C, Bort J, Febrero A. 2012. Ultrastructure and subcellular distribution of Cr in Iris pseudacorus L. using TEM and X-ray microanalysis. Cell Biol Toxicol. 28(1):57–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-011-9205-7.
- Dan A, Oka M, Fujii Y, Soda S, Ishigaki T, Machimura T, Ike M. 2017. Removal of heavy metals from synthetic landfill leachate in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands. Sci Tot Environ. 584–585:742–750.
- Ehrampoush MH, Miria M, Salmani MH, Mahvi AH. 2015. Cadmium removal from aqueous solution by green synthesis iron oxide nanoparticles with tangerine peel extract. J Environ Health Sci Engineer. 13:84.
- Hadad HR, Maine MA, Natale GS, Bonetto C. 2007. The effect of nutrient addition on metal tolerance in Salvinia herzogii. Ecol Eng. 31(2):122–131. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.06.012.
- Hadad HR, Maine MA, Pinciroli M, Mufarrege MM. 2009. Nickel and phosphorous sorption efficiencies, tissue accumulation kinetics and morphological effects on Eichhornia crassipes. Ecotoxicology. 18(5):504–513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0308-3.
- Hadad HR, Mufarrege MM, Di Luca GA, Maine MA. 2018. Long-term study of Cr, Ni, Zn, and P distribution in Typha domingensis growing in a constructed wetland. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 25(18):18130–18137. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2039-6.
- Headley T, Esser D. 2019. Landfill leachate treatment. In: Langergraber G, Dotro G, Nivala J, Rizo A, Stein O, editors. Wetland technology. Practical information on the design and application of treatment wetlands. Scientific and technical report No. 27. London: IWA Publishing. p. 147–148.
- Heumann HG. 1987. Effects of heavy metals on growth and ultrastructure of Chara vulgar. Protoplasma. 136(1):37–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276316.
- Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H. 2011. Trace elements in soils and plants. Florida: CRC Press.
- Kadlec RH, Wallace SD. 2009. Treatment wetlands. 2nd ed. Florida: CRC Press.
- Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP, Baun A, Ledin A, Christensen TH. 2002. Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Critic Rev Environ Sci Technol. 32(4):297–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380290813462.
- Lavrova S, Koumanova B. 2010. Influence of recirculation in a lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetland on the treatment efficiency of landfill leachate. Bioresour Technol. 101(6):1756–1761. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.028.
- Lim PE, Tay MG, Mak KY, Mohamed N. 2003. The effect of heavy metals on nitrogen and oxygen demand removal in constructed wetlands. Sci Tot Environ. 301(1-3):13–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00304-2.
- Mahvi AH, Gholami F, Nazmara S. 2008. Cadmium biosorption from wastewater by Ulmus leaves and their ash. European J Sci Res. 23(2):197–203.
- Mahvi AH, Nabizadeh R, Gholami F, Khairi A. 2007. Adsorption of chromium from wastewater by Platanus orientalis leaves. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 4(3):191–196.
- Maine MA, Hadad HR, Sánchez GC, Di Luca GA, Mufarrege MM, Caffaratti SE, Pedro MC. 2017. Long-term performance of two free-water surface wetlands for metallurgical effluent treatment. Ecol Eng. 98:372–377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.07.005.
- Maine MA, Hadad HR, Sánchez GC, Mufarrege MM, Di Luca GA, Caffaratti SE, Pedro MC. 2013. Sustainability of a constructed wetland faced with a depredation event. J Environ Manag. 128:1–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.054.
- Maine MA, Suñé N, Hadad HR, Sánchez G, Bonetto C. 2009. Influence of vegetation on the removal of heavy metals and nutrients in a constructed wetland. J Environ Manage. 90(1):355–363. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.004.
- Maine MA, Suñe NL, Lagger SC. 2004. Chromium bioaccumulation: comparison of the capacity of two floating aquatic macrophytes. Water Res. 38(6):1494–1501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.025.
- Marchand L, Mench M, Jacob DL, Otte ML. 2010. Metal and metalloid removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of plants and standardized measurements: A review. Environ Pollut. 158(12):3447–3461. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.018.
- Marschner P. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press.
- Mufarrege M, Hadad HR, Maine MA. 2010. Response of Pistia stratiotes to heavy metals (Cr, Ni, and Zn) and phosphorous. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 58(1):53–61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9350-7.
- Mufarrege MM, Hadad HR, Di Luca GA, Maine MA. 2014. Metal dynamics and tolerance of Typha domingensis exposed to high concentrations of Cr, Ni and Zn. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 105:90–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.008.
- Mufarrege MM, Hadad HR, Di Luca GA, Maine MA. 2015. The ability of Typha domingensis to accumulate and tolerate high concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Zn. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 22(1):286–292. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3352-3.
- Napaldet JT, Buot IE, Zafaralla MT, Lit IL, Sotto RC. 2019. Effect of phytoremediation on the morpho-anatomical characters of some aquatic macrophytes. Biodiversitas. 20(5):1289–1302. doi:https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200519.
- Nilratnisakorn S, Thiravetyan P, Nakbanpote W. 2007. Synthetic reactive dye wastewater treatment by narrow-leaved cattails (Typha angustifolia Linn.): effects of dye, salinity and metals. Sci Total Environ. 384(1-3):67–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.027.
- Ogata Y, Ishigaki T, Ebie Y, Sutthasil N, Witthayaphirom C, Chiemchaisri C, Yamada M. 2018. Design considerations of constructed wetlands to reduce landfill leachate contamination in tropical regions. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 20(4):1961–1968. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-018-0755-0.
- Öman CB, Junestedt C. 2008. Chemical characterization of landfill leachates-400 parameters and compounds. Waste Manag. 28 (10):1876–1891. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.018.
- Peverly JH, Surface JM, Wang T. 1995. Growth and trace metal absorption by Phragmites australis in wetlands constructed for landfill leachate treatment. Ecol Eng. 5(1):21–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(95)00018-E.
- Prado C, Rodríguez-Montelongo L, González JA, Pagano EA, Hilal M, Prado FE. 2010. Uptake of chromium by Salvinia minima: effect on plant growth, leaf respiration and carbohydrate metabolism. J Hazard Mater. 177(1-3):546–553. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.067.
- Prasad MNV, Freitas HMO. 2003. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants-biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation technology. Elect J Biotechnol. 6:285–321.
- Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD. 2012. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association.
- Rodriguez-Dominguez MA, Konnerup D, Brix H, Arias CA. 2020. Constructed wetlands in Latin America and the Caribbean: A review of experiences during the last decade. Water. 12(6):1744. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061744.
- Saeed T, Miah MJ, Majed N, Alam MK, Khan T. 2021. Effect of effluent recirculation on nutrients and organics removal performance of hybrid constructed wetlands: landfill leachate treatment. J Clean Prod. 282:125427. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125427.
- Saeed T, Miah MJ, Majed N, Hasan M, Khan T. 2020. Pollutant removal from landfill leachate employing two-stage constructed wetland mesocosms: co-treatment with municipal sewage. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 27(22):28316–28332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09208-y.
- Scholz M, Xu J. 2002. Performance comparison of experimental constructed wetlands with different filter media and macrophytes treating industrial wastewater contaminated with lead and copper. Biores Technol. 83(2):71–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00210-3.
- Shanker AK, Cervantes C, Loza-Tavera H, Avudainayagam S. 2005. Chromium toxicity in plants. Environ Int. 31(5):739–753. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.02.003.
- Silvestrini NEC, Maine MA, Hadad HR, Nocetti E, Campagnoli MA. 2018. Effect of feeding strategy on the performance of a pilot scale vertical flow wetland for the treatment of landfill leachate. Sci Total Environ. 648:542–549. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.132.
- Silvestrini NEC, Hadad HR, Maine MA, Sánchez GC, Del Carmen Pedro M, Caffaratti SE. 2019. Vertical flow wetlands and hybrid systems for the treatment of landfill leachate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 26(8):8019–8027. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04280-5.
- Stefanakis A, Akratos CS, Tsihrintzis VA. 2014. Vertical flow constructed wetlands. Eco-engineering systems for wastewater and sludge treatment. The Netherlands: Elsevier.
- Suñé N, Sánchez G, Caffaratti S, Maine MA. 2007. Cadmium and chromium removal kinetics from solution by two aquatic macrophytes. Environ Pollut. 145(2):467–473. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.016.
- Tulun A. 2020. Treatment of leachate using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors/vertical flow subsurface constructed wetlands. Ecol Chem Eng S. 27(1):129–137.
- USEPA 1994. Method 2002. Sample preparation procedure for spectrochemical determination of total recoverable elements. Rev. 28. Washington DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
- Assche F, Clijsters H. 1986. Inhibition of photosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris by treatment with toxic concentrations of zinc: effects on electron transport and photophosphorylation. Physiol Plant. 66(4):717–721. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb05605.x.
- Vernay P, Gauthier-Moussard C, Hitmi A. 2007. Interaction of bioaccumulation of heavy metal chromium with water relation, mineral nutrition and photosynthesis in developed leaves of Lolium perenne L. Chemosphere. 68(8):1563–1575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.052.
- Vymazal J, Březinová T. 2016. Accumulation of heavy metals in aboveground biomass of Phragmites australis in horizontal flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: a review. Chem Eng J. 290:232–242. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.12.108.
- Vymazal J, Kröpfelová L, Švehla J, Chrastný V, Štíchová J. 2009. Trace elements in Phragmites australis growing in constructed wetlands for treatment of municipal wastewater. Ecol Eng. 35(2):303–309. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.04.007.
- Vymazal J. 2013. The use of hybrid constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment with special attention to nitrogen removal: a review of a recent development. Water Res. 47(14):4795–4811. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.029.
- Wahl S, Ryser P, Edwards PJ. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity of grass root anatomy in response to light intensity and nutrient supply. Ann Bot. 88(6):1071–1078. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1551.
- Wahl S, Ryser P. 2000. Root tissue structure is linked to ecological strategies of grasses. New Phytol. 148(3):459–471. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00775.x.
- Wang Y, Cai S, Sheng S, Pan F, Chen F, Fu J. 2020. Comprehensive evaluation of substrate materials for contaminants removal in constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ. 701:134736. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134736.
- Wojciechowska E, Gajewska M, Obarska-Pempkowiak H. 2010. Treatment of landfill leachate by constructed wetlands: three case studies. Polish J Environ. 19:643–650.
- Wojciechowska E, Gajewska M. 2013. Partitioning of heavy metals in sub-surface flow treatment wetlands receiving high-strength wastewater. Water Sci Technol. 68(2):486–493. doi:https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.283.
- Wojciechowska E. 2017. Potential and limits of landfill leachate treatment in a multi-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland - Evaluation of organics and nitrogen removal. Bioresour Technol. 236:146–154. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.185.
- Wu S, Wallace S, Brix H, Kuschk P, Kipkemoi W, Masi F, Dong R. 2015. Treatment of industrial effluents in constructed wetlands: challenges, operational strategies and overall performance. Environ Pollut. 201:107–120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.006.
- Yalçuk A, Ugurlu A. 2020. Treatment of landfill leachate with laboratory scale vertical flow constructed wetlands: plant growth modeling. Int J Phytoremediation. 22(2):157–166. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2019.1652562.
- Yang Y, Zhao Y, Liu R, Morgan D. 2018. Global development of various emerged substrates utilized in constructed wetlands. Bioresour Technol. 261:441–452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.085.
- Yano T, Nakayama M, Yamada K, Inoue-Kohama A, Sato S, Enari K. 2021. Effect of reed vegetation on evapotranspiration and treatment performance with vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands in the treatment of landfill leachate. Environ Ecol Res. 9(1):30–38. doi:https://doi.org/10.13189/eer.2021.090102.