Predictors of Reactive and Instrumental Aggression in Jail Detainees: An Initial Examination

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . 2013 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 5th , Arlington , VA : Author .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington , DC : Author . edtext revision
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1973 . Aggression: A social learning analysis , Englewood Cliffs , NY : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Barratt , E. S. 1959 . Anxiety and impulsiveness related to psychomotor efficiency . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 38 : 71 – 84 . doi: 10.2466/PMS.9.3.191–198
   Google Scholar
• Barratt , E. S. 1991 . Measuring and predicting aggression within the context of a personality theory . Journal of Neuropsychiatry , 3 ( 2 ) : S35 – S39 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berkowitz , L. 1993 . Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Bushman , B. J. and Anderson , C. A. 2001 . Is it time to pull the plug on the hostile versus instrumental aggression dichotomy? . Psychological Review , 108 ( 1 ) : 273 – 279 . doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.108.1.273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss , A. H. 1961 . The psychology of aggression , New York , NY : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Cima , M. , Tonnaer , F. and Lobbestael , J. 2007 . Moral emotions in predatory and impulsive offenders using implicit measures . Netherlands Journal of Psychology , 63 ( 4 ) : 144 – 155 . doi: 10.1007/BF03061076
   Google Scholar
• Cornell , D. G. , Warren , J. , Hawk , G. , Stafford , E. , Oram , G. and Pine , D. 1996 . Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive violent offenders . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 64 ( 4 ) : 783 – 790 . doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.64.4.783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crick , N. R. , Bigbee , M. A. and Howes , C. 1996 . Gender differences in children's normative beliefs about aggression: How do I hurt thee? Let me count the ways . Child Development , 67 ( 3 ) : 1003 – 1014 . doi: 10.2307/1131876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollard , J. , Doob , L. W. , Miller , N. E. , Mowrer , O. H. and Sears , R. R. 1939 . Frustration and aggression , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Edens , J. F. , Buffington-Vollum , J. K. , Colwell , K. W. , Johnson , D. W. and Johnson , J. K. 2002 . Psychopathy and institutional misbehavior among incarcerated sex offenders: A comparison of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and the Personality Assessment Inventory . International Journal of Forensic Mental Health , 1 ( 1 ) : 49 – 58 . doi: 10.1080/14999013.2002.10471160
   Google Scholar
• Falkenbach , D. , Poythress , N. and Creevy , C. 2008 . The exploration of subclinical psychopathic subtypes and the relationship with types of aggression . Personality and Individual Differences , 44 : 821 – 832 . doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First , M. B , Gibbon , M. , Spitzer , R. L. , Williams , J. B. W. and Benjamin , L. S. 1997 . Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) , Washington , DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Guay , J. , Ruscio , J. , Knight , R. A. and Hare , R. D. 2007 . A taxometric analysis of the latent structure of psychopathy: Evidence for dimensionality . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 116 ( 4 ) : 701 – 716 . doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.116.4.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare , R. D. 2003 . The Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised: , 2nd , Toronto : Multi-Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , S. D. , Cox , D. N. and Hare , R. D. 1995 . Manual for the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) , Toronto : Multi-Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Kockler , T. R. , Stanford , M. S. , Meloy , J. R. , Nelson , C. E. and Sanford , K. 2006 . Characterizing aggressive behavior in a forensic population . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 76 ( 1 ) : 80 – 85 . doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little , T. D. , Jones , S. M. , Henrich , C. C. and Hawley , P. H. 2003 . Disentangling the ‘whys’ from the ‘whats’ of aggression behavior . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 27 ( 2 ) : 122 – 133 . doi: 10/1080/01650250244000128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynam , D. R. , Hoyle , R. H. and Newman , J. P. 2006 . The perils of partialling: Cautionary tales from aggression and psychopathy . Assessment , 13 : 328 – 341 . doi: 10.1177/1073191106290562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus , D. K. , Lilienfeld , S. O. , Edens , J. F. and Poythress , N. G. 2006 . Is antisocial personality disorder continuous or categorical? A taxometric analysis . Psychological Medicine , 36 : 1571 – 1581 . doi: 10.1017/S0033291706008245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDermott , B. E. , Quanbeck , C. D. , Busse , D. , Yastro , K. and Scott , C. L. 2008 . The accuracy of risk assessment instruments in the prediction of impulsive versus predatory aggression . Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 26 : 759 – 777 . doi: 10.1002/bsl.842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merk , W. , Orobio de Castro , B. , Koops , W. and Matthys , W. 2005 . The distinction between reactive and proactive aggression: Utility for theory, diagnosis and treatment? . European Journal of Developmental Psychology , 2 ( 2 ) : 197 – 220 . doi: 10.1080/17405620444000300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. D. and Lynam , D. R. 2006 . Reactive and proactive aggression: Similarities and differences . Personality and Individual Differences , 41 : 1469 – 1480 . doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey , L.C. 2007 . Personality Assessment Inventory–Professional manual , Lutz , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrov , J. M. and Houston , R. J. 2008 . The utility of forms and functions of aggression in emerging adulthood: Association with personality disorder symptomatology . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 37 : 1147 – 1158 . doi: 10.1007/s10964-9289-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton , J. H. , Stanford , M. S. and Barratt , E. S. 1995 . Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 51 ( 6 ) : 768 – 774 . doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , J. , Skeem , J. L. , Hart , E. , Vidal , S. and Keith , F. 2010 . Analyzing offense patterns as a function of mental illness to test the criminalization hypothesis . Psychiatric Services , 61 ( 12 ) : 1217 – 1222 . doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.61.12.1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psychological Corporation . 2002 . Wechsler Individual Achievement Test: Second edition , San Antonio , TX : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Quinsey , V. L. , Harris , G. T. , Rice , M. E. and Cormier , C. A. 1998 . Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Raine , A. , Dodge , K. , Loeber , R. , Gatzke-Kopp , L. , Lynam , D. , Reynolds , C. and Liu , J. 2006 . The Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: Differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent boys . Aggressive Behavior , 32 : 159 – 171 . doi: 10.1002/ab.20115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reidy , D. E. , Zeichner , A. and Martinez , M. A. 2008 . Effects of psychopathy traits on unprovoked aggression . Aggressive Behavior , 34 : 319 – 328 . doi: 10.1002/ab.20238103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reidy , D. E. , Zeichner , A. , Miller , J. D. and Martinez , M. A. 2007 . Psychopathy and aggression: Examining the role of psychopathy factors in predicting laboratory aggression under hostile and instrumental conditions . Journal of Research in Personality , 41 : 1244 – 1251 . doi: 10.1016/j/jrp.2007.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , R. and Rogstad , J. E. 2010 . Psychopathy and APD in non-forensic patients: Improved predictions or disparities in cut scores? . Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment , 32 : 353 – 362 . doi: 10.1007/s10862-009-9175-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogstad , J. E. and Rogers , R. 2012 . Emotional expression deficits in offenders: Empathy and alexithymia as predictors of psychopathic traits. Manuscript submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Salekin , R. T. , Rogers , R. and Sewell , K. W. 1996 . A review and meta-analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised: Predictive validity of dangerousness . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 3 : 203 – 215 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00071.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serin , R. C. 1996 . Violent recidivism in criminal psychopaths . Law and Human Behavior , 20 ( 2 ) : 207 – 217 . doi: 10.1007/BF01499355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan , D. V. , Lecrubier , Y. , Sheehan , K. H. , Amorim , P. , Janavs , J. , Weiller , E. and Dunbar , G. C. 1998 . The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 59 ( 20 ) : 22 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skodol , A. E. , Bender , D. S. , Morey , L. C. , Clark , L. , Oldham , J. M. , Alarcon , R. D. and Siever , L. J. 2011 . Personality disorder types proposed for DSM-5 . Journal of Personality Disorders , 25 ( 2 ) : 136 – 169 . doi: 10.1521/pedi.2011.25.2.136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafford , E. and Cornell , D. G. 2003 . Psychopathy scores predict adolescent inpatient aggression . Assessment , 10 ( 1 ) : 102 – 112 . doi: 10.1177/1073191102250341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford , M. S. , Houston , R. J. and Baldridge , R. M. 2008 . Comparison of impulsive and premeditated perpetrators of intimate partner violence . Behavioral Sciences and the Law , 26 : 709 – 722 . doi: 10.1002/bsl.808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford , M. S. , Houston , R. J. , Mathias , C. W. , Villamarette-Pittman , N. R. , Helfritz , L. E. and Conklin , S. M. 2003 . Characterizing aggressive behavior . Assessment , 10 ( 2 ) : 183 – 190 . doi: 10.1177/1073191103252064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardiff , K. and Hughes , D. M. 2011 . “ Structural and clinical assessment of risk of violence ” . In Handbook of forensic assessment: Psychological and psychiatric perspectives , Edited by: Drogin , E. Y. , Datillio , R. M. , Sadoff , R. L. and Gutheil , T. G. 335 – 359 . New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Ullrich , S. , Deasy , D. , Smith , J. , Johnson , B. , Clarke , M. , Broughton , N. and Coid , J. 2008 . Detecting personality disorders in the prison population of England and Wales: Comparing case identification using the SCID-II screen and the SCID-II clinical interview . The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology , 19 : 301 – 322 . doi: 10.1080/14789940802045182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Justice.2002Correctional population of the United States, 2002. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/ (http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/)
   Google Scholar
• Verona , E. , Reed , A. , Curtin , J. J. and Pole , M. 2007 . Gender differences in emotional and overt/covert aggressive responses to stress . Aggressive Behavior , 33 ( 3 ) : 261 – 271 . doi: 10.1002/ab.20186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitacco , M. J. , Van Rybroek , G. J. , Rogstad , J. , Yahr , L. E. , Tomony , J. D. and Saewert , E. 2009 . Predicting short-term institutional aggression in forensic patients: A multi-trait method for understanding subtypes of aggression . Law and Human Behavior , 33 : 308 – 319 . doi: 10.1007/s10979-008-9155-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , G. D. 2006 . Risk-appraisal versus self-report in the prediction of criminal justice outcomes: A meta-analysis . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 33 ( 3 ) : 279 – 304 . doi: 10.1177/0093854805284409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , G. D. 2011 . Predicting recidivism with the psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles and level of service inventory-revised: Screening version . Law and Human Behavior , 35 : 211 – 220 . doi: 10.1007/s10979-010-9231-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , G. D. and Duncan , S. A. 2005 . Use of the PCL-R and PAI to predict release outcome in inmates undergoing forensic evaluation . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology , 16 ( 3 ) : 459 – 476 . doi: 10.1080/14789940500034405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , G. D. , Duncan , S. A. and Geyer , M. D. 2003 . Predicting disciplinary adjustment in inmates undergoing forensic evaluation: A direct comparison of the PCL-R and PAI . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology , 14 ( 2 ) : 382 – 393 . doi: 10.1080/1478994031000136527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , G. D. , Duncan , S. A. and Mitchell-Perez , K. 2007 . The latent structure of psychopathy: A taxometric investigation of the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised in a heterogeneous sample of male prison inmates . Assessment , 14 ( 3 ) : 270 – 278 . doi: 10.1177/1073191107299594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , G. S. and Robertson , G. J. 2006 . Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition professional manual , Lutz , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Woodworth , M. and Porter , S. 2002 . In cold blood: Characteristics of criminal homicides as a function of psychopathy . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 111 ( 3 ) : 436 – 445 . doi: 10.1037//0021-843X.111.3.436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar