1,583
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Rapid plant colonization of the forelands of a vanishing glacier is strongly associated with species traits

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 366-378 | Received 18 Dec 2018, Accepted 16 Jul 2019, Published online: 26 Aug 2019

References

  • Aiken, S. G., M. J. Dallwitz, L. L. Consaul, C. L. McJannet, R. L. Boles, G. W. Argus, J. M. Gillett, P. J. Scott, R. Elven, M. C. LeBlanc, et al. 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Ottawa: NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada. Accessed 1 September 2016. http://nature.ca/aaflora/data.
  • Alsos, I. G., P. B. Eidesen, D. Ehrich, I. Skrede, K. Westergaard, G. H. Jacobsen, J. Y. Landvik, P. Taberlet, and C. Brochmann. 2007. Frequent long-distance plant colonization in the changing Arctic. Science 316 (5831):1606–09. doi:10.1126/science.1139178.
  • Anthelme, F., L. A. Cavieres, and O. Dangles. 2014. Facilitation among plants in alpine environments in the face of climate change. Frontiers in Plant Science 5:387. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00387.
  • Begon, M. 2005. Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
  • Brown, J. H. 1984. On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. American Naturalist 124 (2):255–79.
  • Brown, J. H., and A. Kodric-Brown. 1977. Turnover rates in insular biogeography: Effect of immigration on extinction. Ecology 58 (2):445–49.
  • Buma, B., S. Bisbing, J. Krapek, and G. Wright. 2017. A foundation of ecology rediscovered: 100 years of succession on the William S. Cooper plots in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology 98 (6):1513–23. doi:10.1002/ecy.1848.
  • Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoreticapproach, 1–488. New York: Springer.
  • Cadotte, M. W., and C. M. Tucker. 2017. Should environmental filtering be abandoned? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 32 (6):429–37. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.03.004.
  • Callaghan, T. V., C. Jonasson, T. Thierfelder, Z. Yang, H. Hedenås, M. Johansson, U. Molau, R. Van Bogaert, A. Michelsen, J. Olofsson, et al. 2013. Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: Complex processes and multiple drivers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368:1624. doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0488.
  • Campbell, D. R., L. Rochefort, and C. Lavoie. 2003. Determining the immigration potential of plants colonizing disturbed environments: The case of milled peatlands in Quebec. Journal of Applied Ecology 40 (1):78–91. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00782.x.
  • Cazares, E., J. M. Trappe, and A. Jumpponen. 2005. Mycorrhiza-plant colonization patterns on a subalpine glacier forefront as a model system of primary succession. Mycorrhiza 15 (6):405–16. doi:10.1007/s00572-004-0342-1.
  • Chapin, F. S. I., K. Autumn, and F. Pugnaire. 1993. Evolution of suites of traits in response to environmental stress. American Naturalist 142 (SUPPL.):S78–S92. doi:10.1086/285524.
  • Chapin, F. S. I., L. R. Walker, C. L. Fastie, and L. C. Sharman. 1994. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecological Monographs 64 (2):149–75. doi:10.2307/2937039.
  • Cooper, W. S. 1939. A fourth expedition to Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology 20 (2):130–55. doi:10.2307/1930735.
  • Crocker, R. L., and B. A. Dickson. 1957. Soil development on the recessional moraines of the Herbert and Mendenhall Glaciers, south-eastern Alaska. Journal of Ecology 45 (1):169–85. doi:10.2307/2257083.
  • de Vernal, A., and C. Hillaire-Marcel. 2008. Natural variability of Greenland climate, vegetation, and ice volume during the past million years. Science 320 (5883):1622–25. doi:10.1126/science.1153929.
  • Dormann, C. F., J. Elith, S. Bacher, C. Buchmann, G. Carl, G. Carré, J. R. G. Marquéz, B. Gruber, B. Lafourcade, P. J. Leitão, et al. 2012. Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 36 (1):27–46.  doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x.
  • Egerton, F. N. 2015. History of ecological sciences, part 54: Succession, community, and continuum. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 96 (3):426–74. doi:10.1890/0012-9623-96.3.426.
  • Ehrlén, J., and O. Eriksson. 2000. Dispersal limitations and patch occupancy in forest herbs. Ecology 81 (6):1667–74. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1667:DLAPOI]2.0.CO;2.
  • Ellenberg, H., and D. Müller-Dombois. 1967. A key to Raunkiaer plant life forms with revised subdivisions. Berichte des geobotanischen Institutes der ETH, Stiftung Rübel 37:56–73.
  • Ellenberg, H., H. E. Weber, R.Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner, and D. Paulißen. 1992. Zeigerwerte von pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobotanica 18:3–258.
  • Elven, R. 1980. The Omnsbreen glacier nunataks—a case study of plant immigration. Norwegian Journal of Botany 27 (1):1–16.
  • Eriksson, O., and K. Kainulainen. 2011. The evolutionary ecology of dust seeds. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 13 (2):73–87. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2011.02.002.
  • Erschbamer, B., and R. Mayer. 2011. Can successional species groups be discriminated based on their life history traits? A study from a glacier foreland in the Central Alps. Plant Ecology & Diversity 4 (4):341–51. doi:10.1080/17550874.2012.664573.
  • Erschbamer, B., R. Niederfriniger Schlag, and E. Winkler. 2008. Colonization processes on a central Alpine glacier foreland. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (6):855–62. doi:10.3170/2008-8-18464.
  • Franzén, M., and P. Dieker. 2014. The influence of terrain age and altitude on the arthropod communities found on recently deglaciated terrain. Current Zoology 60 (2):203–20. doi: 10.1093/czoolo/60.2.203.
  • Gardner, R. H., and K. A. M. Engelhardt. 2008. Spatial processes that maintain biodiversity in plant communities. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 9 (3–4):211–28. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2007.08.003.
  • Gaston, K. J. 1993. Rarity. London: Hall.
  • GISTEMP-Team. 2016. GISS surface temperature analysis (GISTEMP). Dataset. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Accessed January 07, 2016. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/.
  • Grime, J. P. 1974. Vegetation classification by reference to strategies. Nature 250 (5461):26–31. doi:10.1038/250026a0.
  • Grime, J. P., J. G. Hodgson, and R. Hunt. 1988. Comparative Plant Ecology. Amsterdam: Springer Netherlands.
  • Hedwall, P.-O., J. Brunet, and M. Diekmann. 2019. With Ellenberg indicator values towards the north: Does the indicative power decrease with distance from Central Europe? Journal of Biogeography 46 (5): 041–53. doi:10.1111/jbi.13565.
  • Hill, M.O., J. O. Mountford, D. B. Roy, and R. G. H. Bunce. 1999. Ellenberg's indicator values for British plants. In ECOFACT Volume 2 Technical Annex. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. Norwich, G.B.: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.
  • Hobbie, E. A., S. A. Macko, and H. H. Shugart. 1998. Patterns in N dynamics and N isotopes during primary succession in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Chemical Geology 152 (1):3–11. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00092-8.
  • Hodkinson, I. D., N. R. Webb, J. S. Bale, W. Block, S. J. Coulson, and A. T. Strathdee. 1998. Global change and Arctic ecosystems: Conclusions and predictions from experiments with terrestrial invertebrates on Spitsbergen. Arctic and Alpine Research 30 (3):306–13. doi:10.2307/1551978.
  • Illa, E., E. Carrillo, and J. M. Ninot. 2006. Patterns of plant traits in Pyrenean alpine vegetation. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 201 (7):528–46. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2005.10.007.
  • Johnson, E. A., and K. Miyanishi. 2008. Testing the assumptions of chronosequences in succession. Ecology Letters 11 (5):419–31. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01173.x.
  • Jones, C. C., and R. Del Moral. 2009. Dispersal and establishment both limit colonization during primary succession on a glacier foreland. Plant Ecology 204 (2):217–30. doi:10.1007/s11258-009-9586-3.
  • Jones, G. A., and G. H. R. Henry. 2003. Primary plant succession on recently deglaciated terrain in the Canadian High Arctic. Journal of Biogeography 30 (2):277–96. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00818.x.
  • Jumpponen, A., H. Väre, K. G. Mattson, R. Ohtonen, and J. M. Trappe. 1999. Characterization of ‘safe sites’ for pioneers in primary succession on recently deglaciated terrain. Journal of Ecology 87 (1):98–105. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00328.x.
  • Kaufmann, R. 2002. Glacier foreland colonisation: Distinguishing between short-term and long-term effects of climate change. Oecologia 130 (3):470–75. doi:10.1007/s00442-001-0815-2.
  • Klaar, M. J., C. Kidd, E. Malone, R. Bartlett, G. Pinay, F. S. Chapin, and A. Milner. 2015. Vegetation succession in deglaciated landscapes: Implications for sediment and landscape stability. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 40 (8):1088–100. doi:10.1002/esp.3691.
  • Kleyer, M., R. M. Bekker, I. C. Knevel, J. P. Bakker, K. Thompson, M. Sonnenschein, P. Poschlod, J. M. van Groenendael, L. Klimes, J. Klimesova, et al. 2008. The LEDA Traitbase: A database of life-history traits of the Northwest European flora. Journal of Ecology 96 (6):1266–74. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01430.x.
  • Klotz, S., I. Kühn, and W. Durka. 2002. BIOFLOR - Eine Datenbak mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Bonn - Bad Godesberg: Bundesamt für Naturschutz.
  • Kraft, N. J. B., P. B. Adler, O. Godoy, E. C. James, S. Fuller, and J. M. Levine. 2015. Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering metaphor. Functional Ecology 29 (5):592–99. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12345.
  • Kullman, L. 2004. Long-term geobotanical observations of climate change impacts in the Scandes of West-Central Sweden. Nordic Journal of Botany 24 (4):445–67. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2004.tb02209.x.
  • Kullman, L. 2010. Alpine flora dynamics a critical review of responses to climate change in the Swedish Scandes since the early 1950s. Nordic Journal of Botany 28 (4):398–408. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00812.x.
  • Kullman, L., and L. Öberg. 2009. Post-Little Ice Age tree line rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: A landscape ecological perspective. Journal of Ecology 97 (3):415–29. doi:10.1111/jec.2009.97.issue-3.
  • Kume, A., T. Nakatsubo, Y. Bekku, and T. Masuzawa. 1999. Ecological significance of different growth forms of purple saxifrage, Saxifraga oppositifolia L., in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 31 (1):27–33. doi:10.1080/15230430.1999.12003278.
  • Lawesson, J. E., A. M. Fosaa, and E. Olsen. 2003. Calibration of Ellenberg indicator values for the Faroe Islands. Applied Vegetation Science 6 (1):53–62. doi:10.1111/avsc.2003.6.issue-1.
  • Lawrence, D. B., R. E. Schoenike, A. Quispel, and G. Bond. 1967. The role of Dryas drummondii in vegetation development following ice recession at Glacier Bay, Alaska, with special reference to its nitrogen fixation by root nodules. Journal of Ecology 55 (3):793–813. doi:10.2307/2258426.
  • Martin, L. M., and B. J. Wilsey. 2006. Assessing grassland restoration success: Relative roles of seed additions and native ungulate activities. Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (6):1098–109. doi:10.1111/jpe.2006.43.issue-6.
  • Matthews, J. A. 1992. The ecology of recently deglaciated terrain: A geoecological approach to glacier forelands and primary succession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • McCormick, M. K., D. Lee Taylor, K. Juhaszova, R. K. Burnett, D. F. Whigham, and J. P. O’Neill. 2012. Limitations on orchid recruitment: Not a simple picture. Molecular Ecology 21 (6):1511–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05468.x.
  • McIntyre, S., S. Lavorel, and R. M. Tremont. 1995. Plant life-history attributes: Their relationship to disturbance response in herbaceous vegetation. Journal of Ecology 83 (1):31–44. doi:10.2307/2261148.
  • Meiners, S. J., M. W. Cadotte, J. D. Fridley, S. T. A. Pickett, and L. R. Walker. 2015. Is successional research nearing its climax? New approaches for understanding dynamic communities. Functional Ecology 29 (2):154–64. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12391.
  • Mitchell, T., T. R. Carter, P. Jones, and M. Hulme. 2004. A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for Europe and the globe: The observed record (1901–2000) and 16 scenarios (2001–2100). Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Working Paper 55, Norwich, UK.
  • Molau, U., U. Nordenhall, and B. Eriksen. 2005. Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland. American Journal of Botany 92 (3):422–31. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.3.422.
  • Moles, A. T., and M. Westoby. 2002. Seed addition experiments are more likely to increase recruitment in larger-seeded species. Oikos 99 (2):241–48. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990204.x.
  • Moles, A. T., and M. Westoby. 2004. Seed mass and seedling establishment after fire in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Sydney, Australia. Austral Ecology 29 (4):383–90. doi:10.1111/aec.2004.29.issue-4.
  • Moles, A. T., and M. Westoby. 2006. Seed size and plant strategy across the whole life cycle. Oikos 113 (1):91–105. doi:10.1111/oik.2006.113.issue-1.
  • Mori, A. S., T. Osono, M. Uchida, and H. Kanda. 2008. Changes in the structure and heterogeneity of vegetation and microsite environments with the chronosequence of primary succession on a glacier foreland in Ellesmere Island, high arctic Canada. Ecological Research 23 (2):363–70.
  • Muller, E., P. B. Eidesen, D. Ehrich, and I. G. Alsos. 2012. Frequency of local, regional, and long-distance dispersal of diploid and tetraploid Saxifraga oppositifolia (Saxifragaceae) to Arctic glacier forelands. American Journal of Botany 99 (3):459–71. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100363.
  • Pachauri, R. K., and L. A. Meyer. 2014. IPCC 2014. Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC.
  • Post, E., M. C. Forchhammer, M. S. Bret-Harte, T. V. Callaghan, T. R. Christensen, B. Elberling, A. D. Fox, O. Gilg, D. S. Hik, T. T. Høye, et al. 2009. Ecological dynamics across the Arctic associated with recent climate change. Science 325 (5946):1355–58. doi:10.1126/science.1173113.
  • Pywell, R. F., J. M. Bullock, D. B. Roy, L. Warman, K. J. Walker, and P. Rothery. 2003. Plant traits as predictors of performance in ecological restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 40 (1):65–77. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00762.x.
  • R Core Team. 2016. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available:  https://www.R-project.org/
  • Raunkiaer, C. 1934. Life forms of plants and statistical plant geography/being the collected papers of C. Raunkiaer. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  • Robbins, J. A., and J. A. Matthews. 2009. Pioneer vegetation on glacier forelands in southern Norway: Emerging communities? Journal of Vegetation Science 20 (5):889–902. doi:10.1111/jvs.2009.20.issue-5.
  • Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 2019. Seed Information Database (SID). Version 7.1. Available from: http://data.kew.org/sid/ (August 2019).
  • Rydgren, K., R. Halvorsen, J. P. Töpper, and J. M. Njøs. 2014. Glacier foreland succession and the fading effect of terrain age. Journal of Vegetation Science 25 (6):1367–80. doi:10.1111/jvs.12184.
  • Selander, S. 1950. Floristic phytogeography of South-Western Lule Lappmark (Swedish Lapland). Acta Phytogeographica Suecica, 27, 28.
  • Stöcklin, J., and E. Bäumler. 1996. Seed rain, seedling establishment and clonal growth strategies on a glacier foreland. Journal of Vegetation Science 7 (1): 45–56.
  • Thomson, F. J., A. T. Moles, T. D. Auld, and R. T. Kingsford. 2011. Seed dispersal distance is more strongly correlated with plant height than with seed mass. Journal of Ecology 99 (6):1299–307. doi:10.1111/jec.2011.99.issue-6.
  • Violle, C., W. Thuiller, N. Mouquet, F. Munoz, N. J. B. Kraft, M. W. Cadotte, S. W. Livingstone, and D. Mouillot. 2017. Functional rarity: The ecology of outliers. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 32 (5):356–67. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.02.002.
  • von Sydow, U. 1983. Vegetationskarta över de svenska fjällen. Kartblad nr 6. Stockholm: LiberKartor.
  • Welling, P., A. Tolvanen, and K. Laine. 2005. Plant traits: Their role in the regeneration of alpine plant communities in sub-arctic Finland. Journal of Vegetation Science 16 (2):183–90. doi:10.1111/jvs.2005.16.issue-2.
  • Westman, J. 1899. Beobachtungen über Gletscher von Sulitelma und Ålmajalos. In. H. Sjögren (ed.), Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala, no. 7, vol. IV, Part 1, 1898. Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala.
  • Wood, D. M., and R. Del Moral. 1987. Mechanisms of early primary succession in subalpine habitats on Mount St. Helens. Ecology 68 (4):780–90.