1,671
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Shrub canopy induces a decline in lichen abundance and diversity in Nunavik (Québec, Canada)

ORCID Icon &
Pages 521-532 | Received 01 May 2019, Accepted 28 Oct 2019, Published online: 27 Nov 2019

References

  • Ahti, T., S. Stenroos, and R. Moberg. 2013. Nordic lichen flora. Volume 5. Uppsala: Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University.
  • Alatalo, J. M., A. K. Jägerbrand, S. Chen, and U. Molau. 2017. Responses of lichen communities to 18 years of natural and experimental warming. Annals of Botany 120:159–70. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx053.
  • Anderson, M. J., R. N. Gorley, and K. R. Clarke. 2008. PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: Guide to software and statistical methods. Plymouth, UK.
  • Asplund, J., and D. A. Wardle. 2017. How lichens impact on terrestrial community and ecosystem properties. Biological Reviews 92:1720–38. doi:10.1111/brv.2017.92.issue-3.
  • Barton, K. 2019. Package ’MuMIn’ : Multi-model inference. R package version 1.43.6. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MuMIn/
  • Beringer, J., F. C. Stuart III, C. C. Thompson, and A. D. Mcguire. 2005. Surface energy exchanges along a tundra-forest transition and feedbacks to climate. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 131:143–61. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.006.
  • Bernier, P. Y., R. L. Desjardins, Y. Karimi-Zindashty, D. Worth, A. Beaudoin, Y. Luo, and S. Wang. 2011. Boreal lichen woodlands: A possible negative feedback to climate change in eastern North America. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151:521–28. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.12.013.
  • Bidussi, M., A. Solhaug, and Y. Gauslaa. 2016. Increased snow accumulation reduces survival and growth in dominant mat-forming arctic-alpine lichens. The Lichenologist 48:237–47. doi:10.1017/S0024282916000086.
  • Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, and Canadian Museum of Nature. 2001. Lichens of North America. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, and S. Laurie-Bourque. 2016. Keys to lichens of North America: Revised and expanded. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Burnham, K. P., and D. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Centre d’études nordiques. 2019. Réseau sila. http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/
  • Chapin, F. S., III, E. S. Zavaleta, V. T. Eviner, R. L. Naylor, P. M. Vitousek, H. L. Reynolds, D. U. Hooper, S. Lavorel, O. E. Sala, S. E. Hobbie, et al. 2000. Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405:234–42. doi:10.1038/35012241.
  • Chapin, F. S., G. R. Shaver, A. E. Giblin, K. J. Nadelhoffer, J. A. Laundre, and F. S. Chapin. 1995. Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76:694–711. doi:10.2307/1939337.
  • Chapin, F. S., M. Sturm, M. C. Serreze, J. P. McFadden, J. R. Key, A. H. Lloyd, and J. Beringer. 2005. Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer warming. Science 310:657–60. doi:10.1126/science.1117368.
  • Chen, J., H.-P. Blume, and L. Beyer. 2000. Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization — A review. Catena 39:121–46. doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00085-5.
  • Chytrý, M., L. Tichý, J. Holt, and Z. Botta-Dukát. 2002. Determination of diagnostic species with statistical fidelity measures. Journal of Vegetation Science 13:79–90. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02025.x.
  • Clarke, K. R., P. J. Somerfield, and M. Gee Chapman. 2006. On resemblance measures for ecological studies, including taxonomic dissimilarities and a zero-adjusted Bray-Curtis coefficient for denuded assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 330:55–80. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.017.
  • Cornelissen, J. H. C., T. V. Callaghan, J. M. Alatalo, A. Michelsen, E. Graglia, A. E. Hartley, D. S. Hik, S. E. Hobbie, M. C. Press, C. H. Robinson, et al. 2001. Global change and arctic ecosystems: Is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? Journal of Ecology 89:984–94. doi:10.1111/jec.2001.89.issue-6.
  • Darnajoux, R., J. Constantin, J. Miadlikowska, F. Lutzoni, and J.-P. Bellenger. 2014. Is vanadium a biometal for boreal cyanolichens? The New Phytologist 202:765–71. doi: 10.1111/nph.12777.
  • De Cáceres, M. 2013. How to use the indicspecies package (ver. 1.7.1). https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/indicspecies
  • Edwards, M., and G. H. R. Henry. 2016. The effects of long-term experimental warming on the structure of three High Arctic plant communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 27:904–13. doi:10.1111/jvs.2016.27.issue-5.
  • Elmendorf, S. C., G. H. R. Henry, R. D. Hollister, R. G. Björk, A. D. Bjorkman, T. V. Callaghan, L. S. Collier, E. J. Cooper, J. H. C. Cornelissen, T. A. Day, et al. 2012. Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: Heterogeneity over space and time. Ecology Letters 15:164–75. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x.
  • Forbes, B. C., M. M. Fauria, and P. Zetterberg. 2010. Russian Arctic warming and “greening” are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Global Change Biology 16:1542–54. doi:10.1111/gcb.2010.16.issue-5.
  • Fraser, R. H., T. C. Lantz, I. Olthof, S. V. Kokelj, and R. A. Sims. 2014. Warming-induced shrub expansion and lichen decline in the western Canadian Arctic. Ecosystems 17:1151–68. doi:10.1007/s10021-014-9783-3.
  • Heggberget, T. M., E. Gaare, and J. P. Ball. 2002. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and climate change: Importance of winter forage. Rangifer 22:13–31. doi:10.7557/2.22.1.388.
  • Hinds, J. W., and P. L. Hinds. 2007. The macrolichens of New England : Descriptions, color illustrations, identification keys, conservation status. Bronx, NY: New York Botanical Garden Press.
  • Joly, K., R. R. Jandt, and D. R. Klein. 2009. Decrease of lichens in Arctic ecosystems: The role of wildfire, caribou, reindeer, competition and climate in north-western Alaska. Polar Research 23:433–42. doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2009.00113.x.
  • Ju, J., and J. G. Masek. 2016. The vegetation greenness trend in Canada and US Alaska from 1984–2012 Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment 176:1–16. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2016.01.001.
  • Lang, S. I., J. H. C. Cornelissen, G. R. Shaver, M. Ahrens, T. V. Callaghan, U. Molau, C. J. F. Ter Braak, A. Hölzer, and R. Aerts. 2012. Arctic warming on two continents has consistent negative effects on lichen diversity and mixed effects on bryophyte diversity. Global Change Biology 18:1096–107. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02570.x.
  • Longton, R. E. 1988. Biology of polar bryophytes and lichens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Maliniemi, T., J. Kapfer, P. Saccone, A. Skog, and R. Virtanen. 2018. Long-term vegetation changes of treeless heath communities in northern Fennoscandia: Links to climate change trends and reindeer grazing. Journal of Vegetation Science 29:469–79. doi:10.1111/jvs.12630.
  • Mazerolle, M. J. 2006. Improving data analysis in herpetology: Using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) to assess the strength of biological hypotheses. Amphibia-Reptilia 27:169–80. doi:10.1163/156853806777239922.
  • Mazerolle, M. J. 2017. Package AICcmodavg: Title model selection and multimodel inference based on (Q)AIC(c). R package version 2.2-2 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AICcmodavg
  • McManus, K. M., D. C. Morton, J. G. Masek, D. Wang, J. O. Sexton, J. R. Nagol, P. Ropars, and S. Boudreau. 2012. Satellite-based evidence for shrub and graminoid tundra expansion in northern Québec from 1986 to 2010. Global Change Biology 18:2313–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02708.x.
  • Moffat, N. D., T. C. Lantz, R. H. Fraser, and I. Olthof. 2016. Recent vegetation change (1980–2013) in the tundra ecosystems of the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, NWT, Canada. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 48:581–97. doi:10.1657/AAAR0015-063.
  • Myers-Smith, I. H., B. C. Forbes, M. Wilmking, M. Hallinger, T. Lantz, D. Blok, K. D. Tape, M. MacIas-Fauria, U. Sass-Klaassen, E. Lévesque, et al. 2011. Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: Dynamics, impacts and research priorities. Environmental Research Letters 6:045509. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509.
  • Nash, T. H. 2008. Lichen biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oksanen, J., F. G. Blanchet, M. Friendly, R. Kindt, P. Legendre, D. Mcglinn, P. R. Minchin, R. B. O’Hara, G. L. Simpson, P. Solymos, et al. 2018. Package vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.5-6. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan
  • Ophof, A. A., K. W. Oldeboer, and J. Kumpula. 2013. Intake and chemical composition of winter and spring forage plants consumed by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Northern Finland. Animal Feed Science and Technology 185:190–95. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.08.005.
  • Pajunen, A. M., J. Oksanen, and R. Virtanen. 2011. Impact of shrub canopies on understorey vegetation in western Eurasian tundra. Journal of Vegetation Science 22:837–46. doi:10.1111/jvs.2011.22.issue-5.
  • Paradis, M., E. Lévesque, and S. Boudreau. 2016. Greater effect of increasing shrub height on winter versus summer soil temperature. Environmental Research Letters 11:085005. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/085005.
  • Pearson, R. G., S. J. Phillips, M. M. Loranty, P. S. A. Beck, T. Damoulas, S. J. Knight, and S. J. Goetz. 2013. Shifts in Arctic vegetation and associated feedbacks under climate change. Nature Climate Change 3:1–5. doi:10.1038/nclimate1858.
  • Provencher-Nolet, L., M. Bernier, and E. Levesque. 2014. Quantification des changements récents à l'écotone forêt-toundra à partir de l'analyse numérique de photographies aériennes. Écoscience 21:419–33.
  • Ropars, P., E. Lévesque, and S. Boudreau. 2015. Shrub densification heterogeneity in subarctic regions: The relative influence of historical and topographic variables. Ecoscience 22:83–95. doi:10.1080/11956860.2015.1107262.
  • Ropars, P., and S. Boudreau. 2012. Shrub expansion at the forest-tundra ecotone: Spatial heterogeneity linked to local topography. Environmental Research Letters 7:015501. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/015501.
  • Sturm, M., J. P. Mcfadden, G. E. Liston, F. Stuart Chapin III, C. H. Racine, and J. Holmgren. 2000. Snow–shrub interactions in Arctic tundra: A hypothesis with climatic implications. Journal of Climate 14:336–44. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0336:SSIIAT>2.0.CO;2.
  • Thomson, J. W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens. Volume 1: Macrolichens. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Tremblay, B., E. Lévesque, and S. Boudreau. 2012. Recent expansion of erect shrubs in the Low Arctic: Evidence from Eastern Nunavik. Environmental Research Letters 7:35501–35501. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/035501.
  • Wahren, C.-H. A., M. D. Walker, and M. S. Bret-Harte. 2005. Vegetation responses in Alaskan arctic tundra after 8 years of a summer warming and winter snow manipulation experiment. Global Change Biology 11:537–52. doi:10.1111/gcb.2005.11.issue-4.
  • Zhang, X., D. L. McRose, R. Darnajoux, J. P. Bellenger, F. M. M. Morel, and A. M. L. Kraepiel. 2016. Alternative nitrogenase activity in the environment and nitrogen cycle implications. Biogeochemistry 127:189–98. doi:10.1007/s10533-016-0188-6.