Sustainability policy paradox: coping with changing environmental priorities in municipal waste management

References

• Agyeman, J. (2008). Toward a ‘just’ sustainability? Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 22(6), 751–756. doi: 10.1080/10304310802452487
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ai, N., & Leigh, N. G. (2017). Planning for sustainable material and waste management ( PAS Report No. 587). Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, D. G., & Williams, L. (2012). The paradox at the base of the pyramid: Environmental sustainability and market-based poverty alleviation. International Journal of Technology Management, 60(1/2), 44–59. doi: 10.1504/IJTM.2012.049105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton, M. A. (2017, February 16). Covanta facility in Lorton closed “indefinitely” after fire. Patch.com. Retrieved from https://patch.com/virginia/greateralexandria/covanta-facility-lorton-closed-indefinitely-after-fire
   Google Scholar
• Behrsin, I. (2019). Rendering renewable: Technoscience and the political economy of waste-to-energy regulation in the European Union. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 0(0), 1–17. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2019.1569492
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Joseph, E., Pollans, L. B., Plovnick, A., & Madrazo, F. (2016). Solid Waste Management and Sustainable Consumption: A Survey about Municipal Practices in the U.S. On file with authors.
   Google Scholar
• Bullard, R. D. (1994). Dumping in Dixie: Race, class and environmental quality. Boulder: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cahill, S., Hegarty, E., & Morin, E. (2008). Waste and abundance: The measure of consumption. SubStance, 37(2), 3–7. doi: 10.3368/sub.37.2.3
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S. (1996). Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), 296–312. doi: 10.1080/01944369608975696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Cidell, J., & Cope, M. A. (2014). Factors explaining the adoption and impact of LEED-based green building policies at the municipal level. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 57(12), 1763–1781. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2013.835714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffman, M., & Umemoto, K. (2010). The triple-bottom-line: Framing of trade-offs in sustainability planning practice. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 12(5), 597–610. doi: 10.1007/s10668-009-9213-4
   Google Scholar
• Connett, P. H. (2013). The zero waste solution: Untrashing the planet one community at a time. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Conroy, M. M., & Iqbal, A.-A. (2009). Adoption of sustainability initiatives in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio. Local Environment, 14(2), 109–125. doi: 10.1080/13549830802521428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conroy, M. M., & Jun, H.-J. (2016). Planning process influences on sustainability in Ohio township plans. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59(11), 2007–2023. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2015.1103709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covanta. (2016). Sustainability report: Protecting tomorrow. Retrieved from http://covanta-csr.com/
   Google Scholar
• Davies, A. R. (2005). Incineration politics and the geographies of waste governance: A burning issue for Ireland? Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 23, 357–397.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, A. R. (2006). Environmental justice as subtext or omission: Examining discourses of anti-incineration campaigning in Ireland. Geoforum, 37(5), 708–724. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2005.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, A. R. (2008). The geographies of garbage governance: Interventions, interactions, and outcomes. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• DC Department of Public Works. (2018). Growing with the District of Columbia: Fiscal year 2017 annual report. Retrieved from https://dpw.dc.gov/page/annual-report-fy-2017
   Google Scholar
• Demaria, F., & Schindler, S. (2016). Contesting urban metabolism: Struggles over waste-to-energy in Delhi, India. Antipode, 48(2), 293–313. doi: 10.1111/anti.12191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Public Works. (2016). Solid waste diversion progress report. Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Ekström, K. M. ( Ed.). (2014). Waste management and sustainable consumption: Reflections on consumer waste (1st ed.). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Energy Justice Network. (2014). Documents revealed from Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to DC’s Department of Public Works (DPW). Retrieved from http://www.energyjustice.net/dc/foia
   Google Scholar
• Energy Justice Network. (2015, July 6). Letter from the Energy Justice Network and 20 Environmental Organizations to Councilmember Mary Cheh. Retrieved from http://www.energyjustice.net/files/dc/20GroupLetterOpposingIncineration.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ewall, M. (2015, July 6). Proposed 5-11 year waste incineration contract with Covanta Fairfax [Letter to Councilmember Mary Cheh]. Retrieved from http://www.energyjustice.net/files/dc/20GroupLetterOpposingIncineration.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245. doi: 10.1177/1077800405284363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flyvbjerg, B. (2011). Case study. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 301–316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, P. (2017, February 4). Lorton incinerator fire causes regional concern. WUSA. Retrieved from https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/local/lorton-incinerator-fire-causes-regional-concern/65-397053209
   Google Scholar
• Gabrys, J. (2002). The Distancing of waste: Overconsumption in a global economy. In T. Princen, M. Maniates, & K. Conca (Eds.), Confronting consumption (pp. 155–176). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• GAIA. (2011). Burning public money for dirty energy: Misdirected subsidies for “waste-to-energy” incinerators. Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives.
   Google Scholar
• GAIA. (2013). Waste Incinerators: Bad News for Recycling. Retrieved from Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives website: www.no-burn.org
   Google Scholar
• GAIA. (n.d.). Principles of Environmental Justice. Retrieved from Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance website: http://www.no-burn.org/article.php?id=284
   Google Scholar
• GBB. (2009). Meeting the future: Evaluating the potential of waste processing technologies to contribute to solid waste authority system (No. C09039-1). Retrieved from https://swa.org/DocumentCenter/View/138/Evaluating-the-Potential-of-Waste-Processing-Technologies-to-Contribute-to-the-Solid-Waste-Authority
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, D. C., Longhurst, J., & Braithwaite, C. (1998). ‘Struggling with sustainability’: Weak and Strong Interpretations of sustainable development within local Authority policy. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 30(8), 1351–1365. doi: 10.1068/a301351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, S., & Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering urbanism: Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities and the urban condition. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, nature and the geography of difference. Cambridge: Mass: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Homsy, G. C. (2016). Powering sustainability: Municipal utilities and local government policymaking. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 34(6), 1076–1094. doi: 10.1177/0263774X15596530
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homsy, G. C., & Warner, M. E. (2015). Cities and sustainability: Polycentric action and multilevel governance. Urban Affairs Review, 51(1), 46–73. doi: 10.1177/1078087414530545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, J. P. (2015). ‘Modes of governing’ and solid waste management in Maui, Hawaii, USA. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 47(10), 2153–2169. doi: 10.1177/0308518X15599286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, J. P. (n.d.). Considering waste-to-energy facilities in the US [White Paper]. Retrieved from Rowan University website: earth.rowan.edu/departments/geography/RSWL/curren-projects.html
   Google Scholar
• ICMA. (2016). The 2015 local government sustainability practice survey. Retrieved from https://icma.org/documents/icma-survey-research-2015-local-government-sustainability-practices-survey-report
   Google Scholar
• Javorsky, N. (2019, April 1). How American recycling is changing after China’s National Sword. CityLab. Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/environment/2019/04/recycling-waste-management-us-china-national-sword-change/584665/
   Google Scholar
• Kaika, M. (2005). City of flows; Modernity, nature and the city. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Laurian, L., & Crawford, J. (2016). Sustainability in the USA and New Zealand: Explaining and addressing the implementation gap in local government. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59(12), 2124–2144. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2015.1130688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurian, L., & Funderburg, R. (2014). Environmental justice in France? A spatio-temporal analysis of incinerator location. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 57(3), 424–446. doi: 10.1080/09640568.2012.749395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurian, L., Walker, M., & Crawford, J. (2017). Implementing environmental sustainability in local government: The impacts of framing, agency culture, and structure in US cities and counties. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(3), 270–283. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2015.1107738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levesque, V. R., Bell, K. P., & Calhoun, A. J. K. (2017). Planning for sustainability in small municipalities: The influence of interest groups, growth patterns, and institutional characteristics. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 37(3), 322–333. doi: 10.1177/0739456X16655601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, J. R., & Molotch, H. L. (2007). Urban fortunes: The political economy of place, 20th anniversary edition, with a new preface (20th Anniversary edition). Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Los Angeles. (2019). L.A.’s green new deal: Sustainable city plan. Retrieved from http://plan.lamayor.org/sites/default/files/pLAn_2019_final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Louis, G. E. (2004). A historical context of municipal solid waste management in the United States. Waste Management and Research, 22, 306–322. doi: 10.1177/0734242X04045425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacBride, S. (2012). Recycling reconsidered: The present failure and future promise of environmental action in the United States. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, B. L., & Borén, T. (2015). Barriers to implementing sustainability locally: A case study of policy immobilities. Local Environment, 20(12), 1489–1506. doi: 10.1080/13549839.2014.909798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melosi, M. V. (1996). Sanitary engineers in American cities: Changing roles from the age of miasmas to the age of ecology. In J. R. Rogers, D. Kennon, R. T. Jaske, & F. E. Griggs, Jr. (Eds.), Civil engineering history: Engineers make history (pp. 108–122). New York: ASCE.
   Google Scholar
• Melosi, M. V. (2005). Garbage in the cities: Refuse, reform, and the environment (Revised edition). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Michaels, T. (2013). Testimony from Ted Michaels, President of the Energy Recovery Council, before the DC City Council. Retrieved from DC City Council website: http://dc.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=29&clip_id=1662
   Google Scholar
• Newman, P., Beatley, T., & Boyer, H. (2017). Resilient cities: Overcoming fossil fuel dependence (2nd ed). Washington: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Offenhuber, D. (2017). Waste is information. Retrieved from https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/waste-information
   Google Scholar
• Offenhuber, D., Lee, D., Wolf, M. I., Phithakkitnukoon, S., Biderman, A., & Ratti, C. (2012). Putting matter in place. Journal of the American Planning Association, 78(2), 173–196. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2012.677120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong, L. H. (2012). The apparent “paradox” in China’s climate policies. Asian Survey, 52(6), 1138–1160. doi: 10.1525/as.2012.52.6.1138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petts, J. (1997). The public—Expert interface in local waste management decisions: Expertise, credibility and process. Public Understanding of Science, 6(4), 359–381. doi: 10.1088/0963-6625/6/4/004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollans, L. B. (2017). Trapped in trash: “Modes of governing” and barriers to transitioning to sustainable waste management. Environment and Planning A. doi: 10.1177/0308518X17719461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollans, L. B., Krones, J. S., & Ben-Joseph, E. (2017). Patterns in municipal food scrap programming in mid-sized U.S. cities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 125, 308–314. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popovich, N., Albeck-Ripka, L., & Pierre-Louis, K. (2019, June 7). 83 Environmental rules being rolled back under Trump. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/trump-environment-rollbacks.html
   Google Scholar
• Portney, K. E. (2013). Taking sustainable cities seriously: Economic development, the environment, and quality of life in American cities (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Resource Recycling. (2018, February 13). From green fence to red alert: A China timeline. Resource Recycling. Retrieved from https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2018/02/13/green-fence-red-alert-china-timeline/
   Google Scholar
• Schindler, S., & Kanai, J. M. (2018). Producing localized commodity frontiers at the end of cheap nature: An analysis of eco-scalar carbon fixes and their consequences. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 42(5), 828–844. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.12665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrock, G., Bassett, E. M., & Green, J. (2015). Pursuing equity and justice in a changing climate: Assessing equity in local climate and sustainability plans in U.S. cities. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 35(3), 282–295. doi: 10.1177/0739456X15580022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, J. C. (1998). Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Siskind, E., & Susskind, L. (1989). The incineration conflict: Addressing public concerns. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 9(9), 317–329. doi: 10.1016/0195-9255(89)90012-7
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Z. A. (2013). The environmental policy paradox (6th ed.). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stemler, S. (2001). An overview of content analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 7(17), 137–146.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, D. (2012). Policy paradox: The art of political decision-making (3rd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Strasser, S. (1999). Waste and want: A social history of trash. New York: Metropolitan Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sze, J. (2007). Noxious New York: The racial politics of urban health and environmental justice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tarr, J. A. (1996). The search for the ultimate sink: Urban pollution in historical perspective. Akron, Ohio: The University of Akron Press.
   Google Scholar
• Temenos, C., & McCann, E. (2012). The local politics of policy mobility: Learning, persuasion, and the production of a municipal sustainability fix. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 44(6), 1389–1406. doi: 10.1068/a44314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Updates on Fire at Waste-to-Energy Facility in Lorton. (2017, February 3). Retrieved from Fairfax County Government NewsCenter website: https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/news2/updates-on-fire-at-waste-to-energy-facility-in-lorton/
   Google Scholar
• U.S., EPA. (2015). Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2015 Fact Sheet (No. EPA530-F-18-004). Retrieved from U.S. EPA website: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201807/documents/2015_smm_msw_factsheet_07242018_fnl_508_002.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Washington, D. C. (2012). Sustainable DC Plan. Retrieved from http://www.sustainabledc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/SDC_Plan_2016_compressed2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2008). B17-0919 Clean and Affordable Energy Emergency Act of 2008., Pub. L. No. A17-508, B17-919 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2009). Anacostia River Clean Up and Protection Act of 2009., D.C. Law 19-188 § 7a (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2014a). Sustainable DC Omnibus Act of 2013., B20-573 § (2014).
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2014b). The Sustainable Solid Waste Management Act of 2014., Pub. L. No. DC Act 20-423 (2014).
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2017). Solid waste diversion progress report. Office of Waste Diversion, Department of Public Works.
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2018a). CleanEnergy DC Omnibus Amendment Act of 2018., B22-904 § (2018).
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC. (2018b). Sustainable D.C. 2.0 Plan. Retrieved from https://doee.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/ddoe/service_content/attachments/sdc%202.0%20Edits%20V2.4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Washington DC Department of Energy and Environment. (2019). Food service ware. Retrieved from https://doee.dc.gov/foodserviceware
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, R. S. (1995). Learning from strangers: The art and method of qualitative interview studies. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Westerink, J., Haase, D., Bauer, A., Ravetz, J., Jarrige, F., & Aalbers, C. B. E. M. (2013). Dealing with sustainability trade-offs of the compact city in Peri-urban planning across European city regions. European Planning Studies, 21(4), 473–497. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2012.722927
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P. W., & Ponsford, I. F. (2009). Confronting tourism’s environmental paradox: Transitioning for sustainable tourism. Futures, 41(6), 396–404. doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2008.11.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar