Old problems and new dilemmas: the conundrum of environmental management reform in China

References

• Ang, Y. Y. (2016). Co-optation & clientelism: Nested distributive politics in China’s single-party dictatorship. Studies in Comparative International Development, 51(3), 235–256. doi: 10.1007/s12116-015-9208-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertelli, A. M., & Lynn, L. E. (2006). Madison’s managers: Public administration and the constitution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brettell, A. (2013). A survey of environmental deterrence in China’s evolving regulatory framework. In B. Ren (Ed.), Chinese environmental governance: Dynamics, challenges and prospects in a changing society (pp. 21–82). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• DeLeon, P., & DeLeon, L. (2002). What ever happened to policy implementation? An alternative approach. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(4), 467–492. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57–74. doi: 10.5465/amr.1989.4279003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris, J. M. (1992). School-based decision making: A principal-agent perspective. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(4), 333–346. doi: 10.3102/01623737014004333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing public policy: Governance in theory and in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kahn, J., & Yardley, J. (2007). As China roars, pollution reaches deadly extremes. New York Times 26, A1.
   Google Scholar
• Kostka, G. (2014). Barriers to the implementation of environmental policies at the local level in China. Washington, DC: The World Bank: Policy Research Working Paper 7016.
   Google Scholar
• Kostka, G. (2016). Command without control: The case of China’s environmental target system. Regulation & Governance, 10(1), 58–74. doi: 10.1111/rego.12082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostka, G., & Nahm, J. (2017). Central-local relations: Recentralization and environmental governance in China. The China Quarterly, 231, 567–582. doi: 10.1017/S0305741017001011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostka, G., & Zhang, C. (2018). Tightening the grip: Environmental governance under Xi Jinping. Environmental Politics, 27(5), 769–781. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2018.1491116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. W., & Xue, L.T. (2003). Social change and political reform in China: Meeting the challenge of success. The China Quarterly, 176, 926–942. doi: 10.1017/S0305741003000559
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., & Chan, H. S. (2009). Clean air in urban China: The case of inter-agency coordination in Chongqing’s blue sky program. Public Administration and Development, 29(1), 55–67. doi: 10.1002/pad.501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., & Higgins, P. (2013). Controlling local environmental performance: An analysis of three national environmental management programs in the context of regional disparities in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 22(81), 409–427. doi: 10.1080/10670564.2012.748961
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, N. N., Lo, C. W. H., Zhan, X., & Wang, W. (2015). Campaign-style enforcement and regulatory compliance. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 85–95. doi: 10.1111/puar.12285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, N., Van Rooij, B., & Lo, C. W. H. (2018). Beyond deterrent enforcement styles: Behavioural intuitions of Chinese environmental law enforcement agents in a context of challenging inspections. Public Administration, 96(3), 497–512. doi: 10.1111/padm.12415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, C. W. H., & Fryxell, G. E. (2005). Governmental and societal support for environmental enforcement in China: An empirical study in Guangzhou. Journal of Development Studies, 41(4), 558–588. doi: 10.1080/00220380500092655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, C. W. H., Fryxell, G. E., & Tang, S. Y. (2010). Stakeholder pressures from perceived environmental impacts and the effect on corporate environmental management programmes in China. Environmental Politics, 19(6), 888–909. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2010.518689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, C. W. H., Fryxell, G. E., van Rooij, B., Wang, W., & Li, P. H. (2012). Explaining the enforcement gap in China: Local government support and internal agency obstacles as predictors of enforcement actions in Guangzhou. Journal of Environmental Management, 111, 227–235. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, C. W. H., Fryxell, G. E., & Wong, W. W. H. (2006). Effective regulations with little effect? The antecedents of the perceptions of environmental officials on enforcement effectiveness in China. Journal of Environmental Management, 38(3), 388–410.
   Google Scholar
• Lo, C. W. H., & Tang, S. Y. (2006). Institutional reform, economic changes, and local environmental management in China: The case of Guangdong province. Environmental Politics, 15(2), 190–210. doi: 10.1080/09644010600562377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, X., & Ortolano, L. (2000). Environmental regulation in China: Institutions, enforcement, and compliance. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, G. J., & Whitford, A. B. (2016). Above politics: Bureaucratic discretion and credible commitment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, K. J., & Li, L. (1999). Selective policy implementation in rural China. Comparative Politics, 31(2), 167–186. doi: 10.2307/422143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole, L. J. (1986). Policy recommendations for multi-actor implementation: An assessment of the field. Journal of Public Policy, 6(2), 181–210. doi: 10.1017/S0143814X00006486
   Google Scholar
• Ran, R. (2013). Perverse incentive structure and policy implementation gap in China’s local environmental politics. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 15(1), 17–39. doi: 10.1080/1523908X.2012.752186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ran, R. (2017). Understanding blame politics in China’s decentralized system of environmental governance: Actors, strategies and context. The China Quarterly, 231, 634–661. doi: 10.1017/S0305741017000911
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatier, A. P., & Mazmanian, A. D. (1989). Implementation and public policy with a new postscript. Lanham: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, J. (2003). The impact of state capacity on enforcement of environmental policies: The case of China. The Journal of Environment & Development, 12(1), 50–81. doi: 10.1177/1070496502250438
   Google Scholar
• Seligsohn, D., Liu, M., & Zhang, B. (2018). The sound of one hand clapping: Transparency without accountability. Environmental Politics, 27(5), 804–829. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2018.1452522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, K. (2018). Environmental policy innovations in China: A critical analysis from a low-carbon city. Environmental Politics, 27(5), 830–851. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2018.1449573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipan, C. R. (2004). Regulatory regimes, agency actions, and the conditional nature of congressional influence. American Political Science Review, 98(3), 467–480. doi: 10.1017/S0003055404001285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, K. E., Kuhn, R. G., & Xu, W. (2001). Environmental policy implementation in rural China: A case study of Yuhang, Zhejiang. Environmental Management, 27(4), 481–491. doi: 10.1007/s002670010164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, S. Y., & Zhan, X. (2008). Civic environmental NGOs, civil society, and democratization in China. The Journal of Development Studies, 44(3), 425–448. doi: 10.1080/00220380701848541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatlow, D. K. (2014, March 5). China declares ‘war against pollution’. The New York Times. https://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/05/china-declares-war-against-pollution/
   Google Scholar
• Tsui, K. Y., & Wang, Y. (2004). Between separate stoves and a single menu: Fiscal decentralization in China. The China Quarterly, 177, 71–90. doi: 10.1017/S0305741004000050
   Google Scholar
• Van Rooij, B. (2006). Implementation of Chinese environmental law: Regular enforcement and political campaigns. Development and Change, 37(1), 57–74. doi: 10.1111/j.0012-155X.2006.00469.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rooij, B. (2010). Greening industry without enforcement? An assessment of the World Bank’s pollution regulation model for developing countries. Law & Policy, 32(1), 127–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rooij, B., Zhu, Q., Na, L., & Qiliang, W. (2017). Centralizing trends and pollution law enforcement in China. The China Quarterly, 231, 583–606. doi: 10.1017/S0305741017000935
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, C., & Karplus, V. J. (2017). China’s war on air pollution: Can existing governance structure support new ambitions? The China Quarterly, 231, 662–684. doi: 10.1017/S0305741017000947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, C. (2011). The fundamental institutions of China’s reforms and development. Journal of Economic Literature, 49(4), 1076–1151. doi: 10.1257/jel.49.4.1076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan, X., Lo, C. W. H., & Tang, S. Y. (2014). Contextual changes and environmental policy implementation: A longitudinal study of street-level bureaucrats in Guangzhou, China. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 24(4), 1005–1035. doi: 10.1093/jopart/mut004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X. (2017). Implementation of pollution control targets in China: Has a centralized enforcement approach worked? The China Quarterly, 231, 749–774. doi: 10.1017/S0305741017000959
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, R., & Mayer, B. (2017). Public interest environmental Litigation in China. Chinese Journal of Environmental Law, 1(2), 202–228. doi: 10.1163/24686042-12340013
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y. (2011). Performance legitimacy and China’s political adaptation strategy. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 16(2), 123–140. doi: 10.1007/s11366-011-9140-8
   Google Scholar