‘But who’s going to pay for it?’ Contemporary approaches to green infrastructure financing, development and governance in London, UK

References

• Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J. J. T., Masip, L., & Pearsall, H. (2018). Assessing green gentrification in historically disenfranchised neighborhoods: A longitudinal and spatial analysis of Barcelona. Urban Geography, 39(3), 458–491. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1349987
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggio, J. A., Brown, K., & Hellebrandt, D. (2015). Boundary object or bridging concept? A citation network analysis of resilience. Ecology and Society, 20(2), 2. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07484-200202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, F., & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: Resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. Ecology and Society, 12(1), 23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02029-120123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvert, T., Sinnett, D., Smith, N., Jerome, G., Burgess, S., & King, L. (2018, October 20). Setting the standard for green infrastructure: The need for, and features of, a benchmark in England. Planning Practice and Research. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2018.1531580
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S. (1996). Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?: Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), 296–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, C., & Lafortezza, R. (2017). Urban green infrastructure in Europe: Is greenspace planning and policy compliant? Land Use Policy, 69, 93–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Magalhães, C. (2012). Business Improvement Districts and the recession: Implications for public realm governance and management in England. Progress in Planning, 77(4), 143–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2012.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dornelles, A. Z., Boyd, E., Nunes, R. J., Asquith, M., Boonstra, W. J., Delabre, I., Denney, J. M., Grimm, V., Jentsch, A., Nicholas, K. A., & Schröter, M. (2020). Towards a bridging concept for undesirable resilience in social-ecological systems. Global Sustainability, 3, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2020.15
   Google Scholar
• Firehock, K. (2015). Strategic green infrastructure planning: A multi-scale approach. Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Future of London, & Rocket Science. (2016). The evolution of London’s business improvement districts.
   Google Scholar
• Garmendia, E., Apostolopoulou, E., Adams, W. M., & Bormpoudakis, D. (2016). Biodiversity and green infrastructure in Europe: Boundary object or ecological trap? Land Use Policy, 56, 315–319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greater London Authority, The National Trust, & Heritage Lottery Fund. (2017). Natural capital account for public green space in London. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/11015viv_natural_capital_account_for_london_v7_full_vis.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Grosvenor. (2015). Living cities: Our approach in practice.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, R., & Pauleit, S. (2014). From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for urban areas. Ambio, 43(4), 516–529. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heink, U., & Kowarik, I. (2010). What are indicators? On the definition of indicators in ecology and environmental planning. Ecological Indicators, 10(3), 584–593. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hislop, M., Scott, A. J., & Corbett, A. (2019). What does good green infrastructure planning policy look like? Developing and testing a policy assessment tool within Central Scotland UK. Planning Theory & Practice, 20(5), 633–655. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2019.1678667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, B. (2020). Investment finance for green infrastructure – PERFECT expert paper 6.
   Google Scholar
• Hudeková, Z., Mederly, P., & Tóth, A. (2019). Green infrastructure – guide for the municipalities. Karlova Ves Municipality.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, S., & Somper, C. (2014). The role of green infrastructure in climate change adaptation in London. The Geographical Journal, 180(2), 191–196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koc, C. B., Osmond, P., & Peters, A. (2017). Towards a comprehensive green infrastructure typology: A systematic review of approaches, methods and typologies. Urban Ecosystems, 20(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0578-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachmund, J. (2013). Greening Berlin: The co-production of science, politics, and urban nature. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liverpool City Council. (2016). Strategic green and open spaces review board: Final report.
   Google Scholar
• Lowndes, V., & Gardner, A. (2016). Local governance under the conservatives: Super-austerity, devolution and the ‘smarter state’. Local Government Studies, 42(3), 357–375. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2016.1150837
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, T., Lo, A. Y., & Byrne, J. A. (2015). Reconceptualizing green infrastructure for climate change adaptation: Barriers to adoption and drivers for uptake by spatial planners. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 155–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayor of London. (2014). London infrastructure plan 2050: A consultation.
   Google Scholar
• Mayor of London. (2016). The London plan – the spatial development strategy for London consolidated with alterations since 2011. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/the_london_plan_2016_jan_2017_fix.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mayor of London. (2017). Market assessment: Part of the London plan evidence base.
   Google Scholar
• Mayor of London. (2018). London environment strategy.
   Google Scholar
• Mayor of London. (2021). The London plan: The strategic development strategy for greater London, March 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Meerow, S. (2020). The politics of multifunctional green infrastructure planning in New York City. Cities, 100, Article 102621. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102621
   Google Scholar
• Mell, I. (2018). Financing the future of green infrastructure planning: Alternatives and opportunities in the UK. Landscape Research, 43(6), 751–768. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1390079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mell, I. (2020). The impact of austerity on funding green infrastructure: A DPSIR evaluation of the Liverpool green & open space Review (LG&OSR), UK. Land Use Policy, 91, Article 104284. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mell, I. C. (2016). Global green infrastructure: Lessons for successful policy-making, investment and management. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mell, I., & Clement, S. (2020). Progressing green infrastructure planning: Understanding its scalar, temporal, geo-spatial and disciplinary evolution. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 38(6), 449–463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2019.1617517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mell, I., & Whitten, M. (2021). Access to nature in a post Covid-19 world: Opportunities for green infrastructure financing, distribution and equitability in urban planning. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal, P. (2013). Rethinking parks: Exploring new business models for parks in the 21st century. Nesta.
   Google Scholar
• Nesta. (2016). Learning to rethink parks.
   Google Scholar
• New York City Environmental Protection. (2010). NYC green infrastructure plan: A sustainable strategy for clean waterways.
   Google Scholar
• Payne, S., & Barker, A. (2015). Implementing green infrastructure through residential development in the UK. In D. Sinnett, N. Smith, & S. Burgess (Eds.), Handbook on green infrastructure: Planning, design and implementation (pp. 375–394). Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Philadelphia Water Department. (2011). Green city, clean waters: The city of Philadelphia’s program for combined sewer overflow control.
   Google Scholar
• Raco, M., Durrant, D., & Livingstone, N. (2018). Slow cities, urban politics and the temporalities of planning: Lessons from London. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(7), 1176–1194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654418775105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raco, M., Livingstone, N., & Durrant, D. (2019). Seeing like an investor: Urban development planning, financialisation, and investors’ perceptions of London as an investment space. European Planning Studies, 27(6), 1064–1082. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1598019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimer, M., & Rusche, K. (2019). Green infrastructure under pressure. A global narrative between regional vision and local implementation. European Planning Studies, 27(8), 1542–1563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1591346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siemens AG. (2011). Asian green city index: Assessing the environmental performance of Asia’s major cities.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2017). Animation or Denigration? Using Urban Public Spaces as Event Venues. Event Management, 21(5), 609–619.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, P. Y., Wang, J., & Sia, A. (2013). Perspectives on five decades of the urban greening of Singapore. Cities, 32, 24–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tempany, A., & Armour, T. (2020). Nature of the city: Green infrastructure from the ground up. RIBA Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Vandermeulen, V., Verspecht, A., Vermeire, B., Van Huylenbroeck, G., & Gellynck, X. (2011). The use of economic valuation to create public support for green infrastructure investments in urban areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 103(2), 198–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivid Economics, & Barton Willmore. (2020). Levelling up and building back better through urban green infrastructure: An investment options appraisal. Commissioned by the National Trust on behalf of the partners of the future parks accelerator. National Trust.
   Google Scholar