The evolution of stakeholder participation in European UNESCO Biosphere Reserves: challenges and opportunities of the COVID pandemic and the digital shift

References

• Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arts, K., van der Wal, R., & Adams, W. M. (2015). Digital technology and the conservation of nature. Ambio, 44(S4), 661–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0705-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baird, J., Plummer, R., Schultz, L., Armitage, D., & Bodin, Ö. (2018). Integrating conservation and sustainable development through adaptive co-management in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. Conservation and Society, 16(4), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_17_58
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird, J., Plummer, R., Schultz, L., Armitage, D., & Bodin, Ö. (2019). How does socio-institutional diversity affect collaborative governance of social–ecological systems in practice? Environmental Management, 63(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1105-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barclay, C., & Osei-Bryson, K. M. (2010). Project performance development framework: An approach for developing performance criteria & measures for information systems (IS) projects. International Journal of Production Economics, 124(1), 272–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.11.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazeley, P. (2018). A foundation for integrated analysis. In P. Bazeley (Ed.), Integrating analyses in mixed methods research (pp. 1–2). SAGE Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Biggs, R., Schlüter, M., Biggs, D., Bohensky, E. L., Burnsilver, S., Cundill, G., Dakos, V., Daw, T. M., Evans, L. S., Kotschy, K., Leitch, A. M., Meek, C., Quinlan, A., Raudsepp-Hearne, C., Robards, M. D., Schoon, M. L., Schultz, L., & West, P. C. (2012). Toward principles for enhancing the resilience of ecosystem services. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37(1), 421–448. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-051211-123836
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bioret, F. (2001). Biosphere reserve manager or coordinator? Parks, 11(1), 26–29.
   Google Scholar
• Bonsaksen, T., Ruffolo, M., Leung, J., Price, D., Thygesen, H., Schoultz, M., & Geirdal, AØ. (2021). Loneliness and its association with social media use during the COVID-19 outbreak. Social Media and Society, 7(3), 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouamrane, M. (Ed). (2006). Biodiversity and stakeholders: Concertation itineraries. Biosphere Reserves – Technical notes 1 (pp. 1–84). UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Bouamrane, M. (Ed.). (2007). Dialogue in biosphere reserves: References, practices and experiences. Biosphere Reserves – Technical notes 2 (pp. 1–81). UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Bouamrane, M., Spierenburg, M., Agrawal, A., Boureima, A., Cormier-Salem, M. C., Etienne, M., Le Page, C., Levrel, H., & Mathevet, R. (2016). Stakeholder engagement and biodiversity conservation challenges in socialecological systems: Some insights from biosphere reserves in Western Africa and France. Ecology and Society, 21(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08812-210425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, L. (2019). Multi-stakeholder platforms and protected area management: Evidence from El vizcaíno biosphere reserve, Mexico. Conservation and Society, 17(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_18_63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cash, D., Clark, W. C., Alcock, F., Dickson, N. M., Eckley, N., & Jäger, J. (2002). Salience, credibility, legitimacy and boundaries: Linking research, assessment and decision making. Assessment and Decision Making (November 2002).
   Google Scholar
• Cullen-Knox, C., Eccleston, R., Haward, M., Lester, E., & Vince, J. (2017). Contemporary challenges in environmental governance: Technology, governance and the social licence. Environmental Policy and Governance, 27(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1743
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Aquino, P. (2002). Accompagner une maîtrise ascendante des territoires, prémices d'une géographie de l'action territoriale. Mémoire d’habilitation à diriger les recherches. Université de Provence Aix Marseille 1, Aix en Provence (pp. 1–31).
   Google Scholar
• Dealtry, T. R. (1992). Dynamic SWOT analysis. Developer’s guide (pp 1–103). Dynamic SWOT Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Donnellan-Barraclough, A., Schultz, L., & Måren, I. E. (2021). Voices of young biosphere stewards on the strengths, weaknesses, and ways forward for 74 UNESCO biosphere reserves across 83 countries. Global Environmental Change, 68, 102273, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwivedi, A. K. (2021). Role of digital technology in freshwater biodiversity monitoring through citizen science during COVID-19 pandemic. River Research and Applications, 37(7), 1025–1031. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esteban-Navarro, MÁ, García-Madurga, MÁ, Morte-Nadal, T., & Nogales-Bocio, A. I. (2020). The rural digital divide in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe—Recommendations from a scoping review. Informatics, 7(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics7040054
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, H., Soanes, K., Jones, S. A., Jones, C. S., & Malishev, M. (2017). The value of virtual conferencing for ecology and conservation. Conservation Biology, 31(3), 540–546. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, C., & Reed, M. G. (2016). Building institutional capacity for environmental governance through social entrepreneurship: Lessons from Canadian biosphere reserves. Ecology and Society, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08229-210118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guedes-Santos, J., Correia, R. A., Jepson, P., & Ladle, R. J. (2021). Evaluating public interest in protected areas using Wikipedia page views. Journal for Nature Conservation, 63, 126040, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzer, J. M., Baird, J., & Hickey, G. M. (2023). The who, what, and how of virtual participation in environmental research. Socio-Ecological Practice Research, 5(4), 1-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hovardas, T. (2021). Social sustainability as social learning: Insights from multi-stakeholder environmental governance. Sustainability, 13(14), 7744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ITU. (2017). ITU Council Contribution to the high-level political forum on sustainable development (HLPF), Council Working Group on the World Summit on the Information Society, 30th meeting, Geneva (pp. 1-15).
   Google Scholar
• Kangas, J., & Store, R. (2003). Internet and teledemocracy in participatory planning of natural resources management. Landscape and Urban Planning, 62(2), 89–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, J., & Widmar, N. O. (2021). Revisiting the digital divide in the COVID-19 era. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 458–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitch, A. M., Cundill, G., Schultz, L., & Meek, C. L. (2015). Principle 6-broaden participation. In R. Biggs, M. Schlüter, & M. L. Schoon (Eds.), Principles for building resilience: Sustaining ecosystem services in social-ecological systems (pp. 201–225). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez-Ercilla, I., Espinosa-Romero, M. J., Fernandez Rivera-Melo, F. J., Fulton, S., Fernández, R., Torre, J., Acevedo-Rosas, A., Hernández-Velasco, A. J., & Amador, I. (2021). The voice of Mexican small-scale fishers in times of COVID-19: Impacts, responses, and digital divide. Marine Policy, 131, 104606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mammadova, A., Ali, N., & Chaiyasarn, K. (2022). Can online learning about UNESCO Biosphere Reserves change the perception on SDGs and different aspects of sustainability between Japanese and international students? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Måren, I. E., Wiig, H., Mcneal, K., Wang, S., Zu, S., Cao, R., Fürst, K., & Marsh, R. (2022). Diversified farming systems: Impacts and adaptive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Norway and China. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.887707
   Google Scholar
• Mohedano Roldán, A., Duit, A., & Schultz, L. (2019). Does stakeholder participation increase the legitimacy of nature reserves in local communities? Evidence from 92 Biosphere Reserves in 36 countries. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(2), 188–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1566058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss, V. A., Adcock, M., Hotan, A. W., Kobayashi, R., Rees, G. A., Siégel, C., Tremblay, C. D., & Trenham, C. E. (2021). Forging a path to a better normal for conferences and collaboration. Nature Astronomy, 5(3), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01325-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ospina, A. V., & Heeks, R. (2011). ICTs and climate change adaptation: Enabling innovative strategies. Strategy brief-1. In A. V. Ospina & R. Heeks (Eds.), Climate change, innovation & ICTs project (pp. 1–9). Centre for Development Informatics of the University of Manchester, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Pantić, M., Cilliers, J., Cimadomo, G., Montaño, F., Olufemi, O., Mallma, S. T., & van den Berg, J. (2021). Challenges and opportunities for public participation in urban and regional planning during the COVID-19 pandemic—Lessons learned for the future. Land, 10(12), 1379–. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer, R., Baird, J., Armitage, D., Bodin, Ö, & Schultz, L. (2017). Diagnosing adaptive co-management across multiple cases. Ecology and Society, 22(3), 19. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09436-220319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer, R., Dzyundzyak, A., Baird, J., Bodin, Ö, Armitage, D., & Schultz, L. (2017). How do environmental governance processes shape evaluation of outcomes by stakeholders? A causal pathways approach. PLoS One, 12(9), e0185375. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raby, C. L., & Madden, J. R. (2021). Moving academic conferences online: Aids and barriers to delegate participation. Ecology and Evolution, 11(8), 3646–3655. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymond, C. M., Cebrián-Piqueras, M. A., Andersson, E., Andrade, R., Schnell, A. A., Battioni Romanelli, B., Filyushkina, A., Goodson, D. J., Horcea-Milcu, A., Johnson, D. N., Keller, R., Kuiper, J. J., Lo, V., López-Rodríguez, M. D., March, H., Metzger, M., Oteros-Rozas, E., Salcido, E., Sellberg, M., … Wiedermann, M. M. (2022). Inclusive conservation and the post-2020 global biodiversity framework: Tensions and prospects. One Earth, 5(3), 252–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.008
   Google Scholar
• Redecker, C., Ala-Mutka, K., & Punie, Y. (2010). Learning 2.0: The impact of social media on learning in Europe. Policy Brief, Report number:JRC56958 Affiliation (pp. 1–17). European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Reed, M. S. (2008). Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A literature review. Biological Conservation, 141(10), 2417–2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter, I., Avillanosa, A., Cheung, V., Goh, H. C., Johari, S., Kay, S., Maharja, C., Nguyễn, T. H. à., Pahl, S., Sugardjito, J., Sumeldan, J., van Nguyen, Q., Vu, H. T., Wan Mohamad Ariffin, W. N. S., & Austen, M. C. (2021). Looking through the COVID-19 window of opportunity: Future scenarios arising from the COVID-19 pandemic across five case study sites. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(July), 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schliep, R., & Stoll-Kleemann, S. (2010). Assessing governance of biosphere reserves in Central Europe. Land Use Policy, 27(3), 917–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz, L., Duit, A., & Folke, C. (2011). Participation, adaptive co-management, and management performance in the world network of Biosphere Reserves. World Development, 39(4), 662–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz, L., West, S., Juaréz Bourke, A., d’Armengol, L., Torrents, P., Hardardottir, H., Jansson, A., & Mohedano Roldán, A. (2018). Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: An interpretive analysis of learning in 11 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. Global Environmental Change, 50, 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwilch, G., Bachmann, F., Valente, S., Coelho, C., Moreira, J., Laouina, A., Chaker, M., Aderghal, M., Santos, P., & Reed, M. S. (2012). A structured multi-stakeholder learning process for sustainable land management. Journal of Environmental Management, 107, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair, A. J., Peirson-Smith, T. J., & Boerchers, M. (2017). Environmental assessments in the internet age: The role of e-governance and social media in creating platforms for meaningful participation. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 35(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2016.1251697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza, C. N., Rodrigues, A. C., Correia, R. A., Normande, I. C., Costa, H. C. M., Guedes-Santos, J., Malhado, A. C. M., Carvalho, A. R., & Ladle, R. J. (2021). No visit, no interest: How COVID-19 has affected public interest in world’s national parks. Biological Conservation, 256, 109015. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sowińska-Świerkosz, B., & Chmielewski, T. J. (2014). Comparative assessment of public opinion on the landscape quality of two biosphere reserves in Europe. Environmental Management, 54(3), 531–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0316-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll-Kleemann, S., De La Vega-Leinert, A. C., & Schultz, L. (2010). The role of community participation in the effectiveness of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve management: Evidence and reflections from two parallel global surveys. Environmental Conservation, 37(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689291000038X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taipale, S., Petrovcic, A., & Dolnicar, V. (2018). Intergenerational solidarity and ICT usage: Empirical insights from Finnish and Slovenian families. In S. Taipale, T.-A. Wilska, & C. Gilleard (Eds.), Digital technologies and generational identity: ICT usage across the life course (pp. 69–86). Routledge. Routledge Key Themes in Health and Society.
   Google Scholar
• Tengö, M., Brondizio, E. S., Elmqvist, T., Malmer, P., & Spierenburg, M. (2014). Connecting diverse knowledge systems for enhanced ecosystem governance: The multiple evidence base approach. Ambio, 43(5), 579–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0501-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thabrew, L., Wiek, A., & Ries, R. (2009). Environmental decision making in multi-stakeholder contexts: Applicability of life cycle thinking in development planning and implementation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnhout, E., Metze, T., Wyborn, C., Klenk, N., & Louder, E. (2020). The politics of co-production: Participation, power, and transformation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 42(2018), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.11.009
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (1984, December). Action plan for biosphere reserves. Nature and Resources, XX(4), 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (1996). Biosphere reserves: The Seville strategy and the statutory framework of the world network (pp. 1–21).
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (2008). Madrid action plan for Biosphere Reserves (2008-2013) (pp. 1–33). UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (2017). A new roadmap for the man and the biosphere (MAB) programme and its world network of Biosphere Reserves (pp. 1–47). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
   Google Scholar
• UN General Assembly. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 21 October 2015, A/RES/70/1, 1–35.
   Google Scholar
• Van Cuong, C., Dart, P., & Hockings, M. (2017). Biosphere reserves: Attributes for success. Journal of Environmental Management, 188, 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargo, D., Zhu, L., Benwell, B., & Yan, Z. (2021). Digital technology use during COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.242
   Google Scholar
• Warner, J. F. (2007). The beauty of the beast: Multi-stakeholder participation for integrated catchment management. In J. F. Warner (Ed.), Multi-stakeholder platforms for integrated water management (pp. 1–20). Ashgate Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkerson, B., Aguiar, A., Gkini, C., Czermainski de Oliveira, I., Lunde Trellevik, L. K., & Kopainsky, B. (2020). Reflections on adapting group model building scripts into online workshops. System Dynamics Review, 36(3), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.1662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S., Fichman, P., Zhu, X., Sanfilippo, M., Li, S., & Fleischmann, K. R. (2020). The use of ICT during COVID -19. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 57(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.297
   Google Scholar