9,115
Views
296
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Spatial Training Improves Children's Mathematics Ability

&

REFERENCES

  • Alloway , T. P. , & Passolunghi , M. C. ( 2011 ). The relationship between working memory, IQ, and mathematical skills in children . Learning and Individual Differences , 21 , 133 – 137 .
  • Baenninger , M. , & Newcombe , N. S. ( 1989 ). The role of experience in spatial test performance: A meta-analysis . Sex Roles , 20 , 327 – 344 .
  • Bakeman , R. ( 2005 ). Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs . Behavioral Research Methods , 37 , 379 – 384 .
  • Berch , D. B. , Foley , E. J. , Hill , R. J. , & Ryan , P. M. (1999). Extracting parity and magnitude from Arabic numerals: Developmental changes in number processing and mental representation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 74, 286–308.
  • Bishop , A. J. ( 1980 ). Spatial abilities and mathematics education: A review . Educational Studies in Mathematics , 11 , 257 – 269 .
  • Burnett , S. A. , Lane , D. M. , & Dratt , L. M. ( 1979 ). Spatial visualization and sex differences in quantitative ability . Intelligence , 3 , 345 – 354 .
  • Casey , B. M. , Andrews , N. , Schindler , H. , Kersh , J. E. , Samper , A. , & Copley , J. ( 2008 ). The development of spatial skills through interventions involving block building activities . Cognition and Instruction , 26 , 269 – 309 .
  • Casey , M. B. , Nuttall , R. L. , & Pezaris , E. ( 2001 ). Spatial-mechanical reasoning skills versus mathematical self-confidence as mediators of gender differences on mathematics subtests using cross-national gender-based items . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 32 , 28 – 57 .
  • Cherney , I. D. ( 2008 ). Mom, let me play more computer games: They improve my mental rotation skills . Sex Roles , 59 , 776 – 786 .
  • Cohen , J. ( 1988 ). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Dehaene , S. , Bossini , S. , & Giraux , P. ( 1993 ). The mental representation of parity and number magnitude . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 122 , 371 – 396 .
  • de Hevia , M. D. , & Spelke , E. S. ( 2009 ). Spontaneous mapping of number and space in adults and young children . Cognition , 111 , 198 – 207 .
  • Delgado , A. R. , & Prieto , G. ( 2004 ). Cognitive mediators and sex-related differences in mathematics . Intelligence , 32 ( 1 ), 25 – 32 .
  • DeLisi , R. , & Cammarano , D. M. ( 1996 ). Computer experience and gender differences in undergraduate mental rotation performance . Computers in Human Behavior , 12 , 351 – 361 .
  • Duncan , G. J. , Dowsett , C. J. , Claessens , A. , Magnuson , K. , Huston , A. C. , Klebanov , P. , … Japeli , C. ( 2007 ). School readiness and later achievement . Developmental Psychology , 43 , 1428 – 1446 .
  • Ehrlich , S. , Levine , S. , & Goldin-Meadow , S. ( 2006 ). The importance of gestures in children's spatial reasoning . Developmental Psychology , 42 , 1259 – 1268 .
  • Fias , W. ( 2001 ). Two routes for the processing of verbal numbers: Evidence from the SNARC effect . Psychological Research , 65 , 250 – 259 .
  • Fischer , M. H. ( 2003 ). Spatial representation in number processing: Evidence from a pointing task . Visual Cognition , 10 , 493 – 508 .
  • Fischer , U. , Moeller , K. , Bientzle , M. , Cress , U. , & Nuerk , H. ( 2011 ). Sensori-motor spatial training of number magnitude representation . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 18 , 177 – 183 .
  • Fisher , K. J. , Borchert , K. , & Bassok , M. ( 2011 ). Following the standard form: Effects of equation format on algebraic modeling . Memory & Cognition , 39 , 502 – 515 .
  • Gathercole , S. E. , & Pickering , S. J. ( 2000 ). Working memory deficits in children with low achievements in the national curriculum at 7 years of age . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 70 , 177 – 194 .
  • Geary , D. C. ( 1993 ). Mathematical disabilities: Cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components . Psychological Bulletin , 114 , 345 – 362 .
  • Geary , D. C. , Hoard , M. K. , Byrd-Craven , J. , Nugent , L. , & Numtee , C. ( 2007 ). Cognitive mechanisms underlying achievement deficits in children with mathematical learning disability . Child Development , 78 , 1343 – 1359 .
  • Graziano , A. B. , Peterson , M. , & Shaw , G. L. ( 1999 ). Enhanced learning of proportional math through music training and spatial-temporal training . Neurological Research , 21 , 139 – 152 .
  • Heil , M. , Rosler , F. , Link , M. , & Bajric , J. ( 1998 ). What is improved if mental rotation task is repeated? The efficiency of memory access, or the speed of a transformation routine? Psychological Research , 61 , 99 – 106 .
  • Holmes , J. , Adams , J. W. , & Hamilton , C. J. ( 2008 ). The relationship between visuospatial sketchpad capacity and children's mathematical skills . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 20 , 272 – 289 .
  • Hsi , S. , Linn , M. C. , & Bell , J. E. ( 1997 ). The role of spatial reasoning in engineering and the design of spatial instruction . Journal of Engineering Education , 86 , 151 – 158 .
  • Hubbard , E. M. , Piazza , M. , Pinel , P. , & Dehaene , S. ( 2005 ). Interactions between number and space in parietal cortex . Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 6 , 435 – 448 .
  • Jensen , E. M. , Reese , E. P. , & Reese , T. W. ( 1950 ). The subitizing and counting of visually presented fields of dots . Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied , 30 , 363 – 392 .
  • Jevons , W. S. ( 1871 ). The power of numerical discrimination . Nature , 3 , 281 – 282 .
  • Johnson , E. S. (1998). An exploration of the relation between mathematics achievement and factors of intelligence. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section A. Humanities and Social Sciences , 59, 724.
  • Jordan , N. C. , Kaplan , D. , Ramineni , C. , & Locuniak , M. N. ( 2009 ). Early math matters: Kindergarten number competence and later mathematics outcomes . Developmental Psychology , 45 , 850 – 867 .
  • Kahneman , D. , Treisman , A. , & Gibbs , B. J. ( 1992 ). The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information . Cognitive Psychology , 24 , 175 – 219 .
  • Kail , R. ( 1986 ). The impact of extended practice on rate of mental rotation . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 42 , 378 – 391 .
  • Kail , R. , & Park , Y. S. ( 1990 ). Impact of practice on speed of mental rotation . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 49 , 227 – 244 .
  • Kaufman , E. L. , Lord , M. W. , Reese , T. W. , & Volkmann , J. ( 1949 ). The discrimination of visual number . The American Journal of Psychology , 62 , 498 – 525 .
  • Klibanoff , R. S. , Levine , S. C. , Huttenlocher , J. , Vasilyeva , M. , & Hedges , L. V. ( 2006 ). Preschool children's mathematical knowledge: The effect of teacher ‘math talk’ . Developmental Psychology , 42 , 59 – 69 .
  • Knuth , E. J. , Stephens , A. C. , McNeil , N. M. , & Alibali , M. W. ( 2006 ). Does understanding the equal sign matter? Evidence from solving equations . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 37 , 297 – 312 .
  • Kyttälä , M. , Aunio , P. , Lehto , J. E. , Van Luit , J. , & Hautamaki , J. ( 2003 ). Visuospatial working memory and early numeracy . Educational and Child Psychology , 20 , 65 – 76 .
  • Lachance , J. A. , & Mazzocco , M. M. M. ( 2006 ). A longitudinal analysis of sex differences in math and spatial skills in primary school age children . Learning and Individual Differences , 16 , 195 – 216 .
  • Landy , D. , & Goldstone , R. L. ( 2007 ). How space guides interpretation of a novel mathematical system. Paper presented at the 29th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Nashville, TN, August 2007.
  • Lourenco , S. F. , & Longo , M. R. ( 2009 ). Multiple spatial representations of number: Evidence for co-existing compressive and linear scales . Experimental Brain Research , 193 , 151 – 156 .
  • Lubinski , D. ( 2010 ). Spatial ability and STEM: A sleeping giant for talent identification and development . Personality and Individual Differences , 49 , 344 – 351 .
  • Lubinski , D. , & Benbow , C. P. ( 1992 ). Gender differences in abilities and preferences among the gifted: Implications for the math/science pipeline . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 1 , 61 – 66 .
  • Markey , S. M. ( 2010 ). The relationship between visual-spatial reasoning ability and math and geometry problem solving . Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. The Sciences and Engineering , 70 , 7874 .
  • Mazzocco , M. M. M. , & Myers , G. F. ( 2003 ). Complexities in identifying and defining mathematics learning disability in the primary school-age years . Annals of Dyslexia , 53 , 218 .
  • McKenzie , B. , Bull , R. , & Gray , C. ( 2003 ). The effects of phonological and visual-spatial interference on children's arithmetical performance . Educational and Child Psychology , 20 , 93 – 108 .
  • McLean , J. F. , & Hitch , G. J. ( 1999 ). Working memory impairments in children with specific arithmetic learning difficulties . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 74 , 240 – 260 .
  • McNeil , N. M. , & Alibali , M. W. ( 2004 ). You'll see what you mean: Students encode equations based on their knowledge of arithmetic . Cognitive Science , 28 , 451 – 466 .
  • McNeil , N. M. , & Alibali , M. W. ( 2005 ). Why won't you change your mind? Knowledge of operational patterns hinders learning and performance on equations . Child Development , 76 , 1 – 17 .
  • Meyer , M. L. , Salimpoor , V. N. , Wu , S. S. , Geary , D. C. , & Menon , V. ( 2010 ). Differential contribution of specific working memory components to mathematics achievement in 2nd and 3rd graders . Learning and Individual Differences , 20 , 101 – 109 .
  • Mix , K. S. , & Cheng , Y.-L. ( 2012 ). Space and math: The developmental and educational implications . In J. Benson (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (pp. 179 – 243 ). New York , NY : Elsevier .
  • Morgan , M. J. , Bartram , D. , & Clarke , A. D. ( 1984 ). The control of training and transfer effects in the Minnesota Spatial Relations and other tasks . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 2 , 113 – 122 .
  • National Council of Teachers of Mathematics . ( 2010 ). Focus in Grade 1: Teaching with curriculum focal points . Reston , VA : Author .
  • National Research Council . ( 2006 ). Learning to think spatially: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a support system in the K–12 curriculum . Washington , DC : National Academies Press .
  • Newcombe , N. S. ( 2010 , Summer ). Picture this: Increasing math and science learning by improving spatial thinking . American Educator , 29 – 43 .
  • Newcombe , N. S. , & Frick , A. (2010). Early education for spatial intelligence: Why, what, and how. Mind, Brain, and Education , 4, 102–111.
  • Noles , N. S. , Scholl , B. J. , & Mitroff , S. R. ( 2005 ). The persistence of object file representations . Perception and Psychophysics , 67 , 324 – 334 .
  • Raghubar , K. P. , Barnes , M. A. , & Hecht , S. A. ( 2010 ). Working memory and mathematics: A review of developmental, individual difference, and cognitive approaches . Learning and Individual Differences , 20 , 110 – 122 .
  • Ramani , G. B. , & Siegler , R. S. ( 2008 ). Promoting broad and stable improvements in low-income children's numerical knowledge through playing number board games . Child Development , 79 , 375 – 394 .
  • Rasmussen , C. , & Bisanz , J. ( 2005 ). Representation and working memory in early arithmetic . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 91 , 137 – 157 .
  • Rizzo , A. , Buckwalter , J. G. , Neumann , U. , Chua , C. , van Rooyen , A. , Larson , P. ,  … Humphrey , L. ( 1999 ). Virtual environments for targeting cognitive processes: An overview of projects at the University of Southern California Integrated Media Systems Center . CyberPsychology and Behavior , 2 , 89 – 100 .
  • Rourke , B. P. ( 1993 ). Arithmetic disabilities, specific and otherwise: A neuropsychological perspective . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 26 , 214 – 226 .
  • Saxe , G. B. ( 1987 ). Linking language with mathematics achievement: Problems and prospects . In R. Cocking and J. Mestre (Eds.), Language Perspectives on Mathematics Learning . NY : Erlbaum Associates .
  • Siegler , R. S. , & Opfer , J. E. ( 2003 ). The development of numerical estimation: Evidence for multiple representations of numerical quantity . Psychological Science , 14 , 237 – 243 .
  • Smith , I. M. ( 1964 ). Spatial ability: Its educational and social significance . San Diego , CA : Knapp .
  • Sorby , S. A. , & Baartmans , B. J. ( 2000 ). The development and assessment of a course for enhancing the 3-D spatial visualization skills of first year engineering students . Journal of Engineering Education , 89 , 301 – 307 .
  • Starkey , P. , Klein , A. , & Wakeley , A. ( 2004 ). Enhancing young children's mathematical knowledge through a pre-kindergarten mathematics intervention . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 19 , 99 – 120 .
  • Taves , E. H. ( 1941 ). Two mechanisms in the perception of visual numerousness . Archives of Psychology , 37 , 265 .
  • Terlecki , M. S. , Newcombe , N. S. , & Little , M. ( 2008 ). Durable and generalized effects of spatial experience on mental rotation: Gender differences in growth patterns . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 22 , 996 – 1013 .
  • Thurstone , T. G. ( 1974 ). PMA readiness level . Chicago , IL : Science Research Associates .
  • Trick , L. M. , & Pylyshyn , Z. W. ( 1994 ). Why are small and large numbers enumerated differently? A limited-capacity preattentive stage in vision . Psychological Review , 101 , 80 – 102 .
  • Umiltà , C. , Priftis , K. , & Zorzi , M. ( 2009 ). The spatial representation of numbers: Evidence from neglect and pseudoneglect . Experimental Brain Research , 192 , 561 – 569 .
  • Uttal , D. H. , Meadow , N. G. , Tipton , E. , Hand , L. L. , Alden , A. R. , Warren , C. , & Newcombe , N. S. ( 2012 ). The malleability of spatial skills: A meta-analysis of training studies. Psychological Bulletin . Advance online publication . doi: 10.1037/a0028446
  • van Galen , M. S. , & Reitsma , P. ( 2008 ). Developing access to number magnitude: A study of the SNARC effect in 7- to 9-year-olds . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 101 , 99 – 113 .
  • Vasta , R. , Knott , J. A. , & Gaze , C. E. ( 1996 ). Can spatial training erase the gender differences on the water-level task? Psychology of Women Quarterly , 20 , 549 – 568 .
  • Wallace , B. , & Hofelich , B. G. ( 1992 ). Process generalization and the prediction of performance on mental imagery tasks . Memory & Cognition , 20 , 695 – 704 .
  • Wolfgang , C. H. , Stannard , L. L. , & Jones , I. ( 2001 ). Block play performance among preschoolers as a predictor of later school achievement in mathematics . Journal of Research in Childhood Education , 15 , 173 – 180 .
  • Wright , R. , Thompson , W. L. , Ganis , G. , Newcombe , N. S. , & Kosslyn , S. M. ( 2008 ). Training generalized spatial skills . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 15 , 763 – 771 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.