The Mediating Role of Helicopter Parenting in the Relationship between Family Communication Patterns and Resilience in First-semester College Students

References

• Baxter, L. A., & Bullis, C. (1986). Turning points in developing romantic relationships. Human Communication Research, 12(4), 469–493. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00088.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Buzzanell, P. M. (2010). Resilience: Talking, resisting, and imagining new normalcies into being. Journal of Communication, 60(1), 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01469.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cline, F. W., & Fay, J. (1990). Parenting with love and logic: Teaching children responsibility. Colorado Springs, CO: Pinon.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(4), 558–577. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, J. S., Kennedy, M., & Ben‐Avie, M. (2009). The role of precollege data in assessing and understanding student engagement in college. New Directions for Institutional Research, 141, 55–69. doi:10.1002/ir.286
   Google Scholar
• Darlow, V., Norvilitis, J. M., & Schuetze, P. (2017). The relationship between helicopter parenting and adjustment to college. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(8), 2291–2298. doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0751-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrance Hall, E., McNallie, J., Custers, K., Timmermans, E., Wilson, S., & Van den Bulck, J. (2017). A cross-cultural examination of the mediating role of family support and parental advice quality on the relationship between family communication patterns and first-year college student adjustment in the United States and Belgium. Communication Research, 44(5), 638–667. doi:10.1177/0093650216657755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, M. A., & Koerner, A. F. (2005). Family communication schemata: Effects on children’s resiliency. In S. Dunwoody, L. B. Becker, D. McLeod, & G. Kosicki (Eds.), The evolution of key mass communication concepts: Honoring Jack M. McLeod (pp. 115–139). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Burton, C. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Coping flexibility, potentially traumatic life events, and resilience: A prospective study of college student adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(6), 542–567. doi:10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gansemer-Topf, A. M., Zhang, Y., Beatty, C. C., & Paja, S. (2014). Examining factors influencing attrition at a small, private, selective liberal arts college. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 51(3), 270–285. doi:10.1515/jsarp-2014-0028
   Google Scholar
• Hamill, S. K. (2003). Resilience and self-efficacy: The importance of efficacy beliefs and coping mechanisms in resilient adolescents. Colgate University Journal of the Sciences, 35(1), 115–146.
   Google Scholar
• Hartley, M. T. (2011). Examining the relationships between resilience, mental health, and academic persistence in undergraduate college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(7), 596–604. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.515632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haverfield, M. C., & Theiss, J. A. (2017). Parental communication of responsiveness and control as predictors of adolescents’ emotional and behavioral resilience in families with alcoholic versus nonalcoholic parents. Human Communication Research, 43(2), 214–236. doi:10.1111/hcre.12102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horstman, H. K., Schrodt, P., Warner, B., Koerner, A., Maliski, R., Hays, A., & Colaner, C. W. (2018). Expanding the conceptual and empirical boundaries of family communication patterns: The development and validation of an expanded conformity orientation scale. Communication Monographs, 85(2), 157–180. doi:10.1080/03637751.2018.1428354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternative. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. L., Taasoobshirazi, G., Kestler, J. L., & Cordova, J. R. (2015). Models and messengers of resilience: A theoretical model of college students’ resilience, regulatory strategy use, and academic achievement. Educational Psychology, 35(7), 869–885. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.893560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, V. K., Gans, S. E., Kerr, S., & LaValle, W. (2010). Managing the transition to college: Family functioning, emotion coping, and adjustment in emerging adulthood. Journal of College Student Development, 51(6), 607–621. doi:10.1353/csd.2010.0022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilbert, J., Lamis, D. A., Collins, W., Bryant Smalley, K., Warren, J. C., Yancey, C. T., et al. (2014). Resilience mediates the relations between perfectionism and college student distress. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92, 75–92. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00132.x
   Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F. (2014). Family communication. In C. R. Berger (Ed.), Interpersonal communication (pp. 419–441). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton.
   Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2002). Toward a theory of family communication. Communication Theory, 12(1), 70–91. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2002.tb00260.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koerner, A. F., & Schrodt, P. (2014). An introduction to the special issue on family communication patterns theory. Journal of Family Communication, 14(1), 1–15. doi:10.1080/15267431.2013.857328
   Google Scholar
• Ledbetter, A. M. (2019). Parent-child privacy boundary conflict strategies across the first year of college: Mediating family communication patterns, predicting psychosocial distress. Human Communication Research, 45(3), 255–285. doi:10.1093/hcr/hqy018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthar, S. S. (2003). Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities. Hoboken, NJ: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Macho, S., & Ledermann, T. (2011). Estimating, testing, and comparing specific effects in structural equation models: The phantom model approach. Psychological Methods, 16(1), 34–43. doi:10.1037/a0021763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odenweller, K. G., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Weber, K. (2014). Investigating helicopter parenting, family environments, and relational outcomes for millennials. Communication Studies, 65(4), 407–425. doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.811434
   Google Scholar
• Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down? Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1177–1190. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie, L. D., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1990). Family communication patterns: Measuring intrapersonal perceptions of interpersonal relationships. Communication Research, 17(4), 523–544. doi:10.1177/009365090017004007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent, J. T., Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. K. (2006). Contingencies of self-worth and depressive symptoms in college students. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 628–646. doi:10.13072/midss.220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., Geary, K. A., Erchull, M. J., & Tashner, T. (2014). Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 548–557. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrodt, P., Ledbetter, A. M., & Ohrt, J. K. (2007). Parental confirmation and affection as mediators of family communication patterns and children’s mental well-being. Journal of Family Communication, 7(1), 23–46. doi:10.1080/15267430709336667
   Google Scholar
• Schrodt, P., & Phillips, K. E. (2016). Self-disclosure and relational uncertainty as mediators of family communication patterns and relational outcomes in sibling relationships. Communication Monographs, 83(4), 486–504. doi:10.1080/03637751.2016.1146406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrodt, P., Witt, P. L., & Messersmith, A. S. (2008). A meta-analytical review of family communication patterns and their associations with information processing, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes. Communication Monographs, 75(3), 248–269. doi:10.1080/03637750802256318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., & Montgomery, N. (2013). Parent and child traits associated with overparenting. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(6), 569–595. doi:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.6.569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. doi:10.1080/10705500802222972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, J., Valiente, C., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & O’Brien, T. (2011). Predicting early adolescents’ academic achievement, social competence, and physical health from parenting, ego resilience, and engagement coping. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 31(4), 548–576. doi:10.1177/0272431610366249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theiss, J. A. (2018). Family communication and resilience. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 46(1), 10–13. doi:10.1080/00909882.2018.1426706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson, A. R., & Horstman, H. K. (2017). Family communication patterns and emerging adult consumer outcomes: Revisiting the consumer socialization model. Western Journal of Communication, 81(4), 483–506. doi:10.1080/10570314.2016.1263361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ungar, M. (2009). Overprotective parenting: Helping parents provide children the right amount of risk and responsibility. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37(3), 258–271. doi:10.1080/01926180802534247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veselska, Z., Geckova, A. M., Orosova, O., Gajdosova, B., van Dijk, J. P., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2009). Self-esteem and resilience: The connection with risky behavior among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 34(3), 287–291. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, F. (2003). Family resilience: A framework for clinical practice. Family Process, 42(1), 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00001.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, S. R., Chernichky, S. M., Wilkum, K., & Owlett, J. S. (2014). Do family communication patterns buffer children from difficulties associated with a parent’s military deployment? Journal of Family Communication, 14(1), 32–52. doi:10.1080/15267431.2013.857325
   Google Scholar
• Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Skinner, E. A. (2016). The development of coping: Implications for psychopathology and resilience. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 1–61). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy410
   Google Scholar