Transition in Self-Identity: A Sociological Narrative of Tamil Muslims in Malaysia

References

• Abbott, A. (2001). Time matters: On theory and method. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1969). Preliminary statement on a general theory of the Islamization of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
   Google Scholar
• Amrith, S. S. (2009). Tamil Diasporas across the Bay of Bengal. The American Historical Review, 114(3), 547–572. doi:10.1086/ahr.114.3.547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amrith, S. S. (2013). Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The furies of nature and the fortunes of migrants. Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arasaratnam, S. (1970). Indians in Malaysia and Singapore. Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arasaratnam, S. (2016). The Chulia Muslim Merchants in Southeast Asia, 1650–1800. In S. Subrahmanyam (Ed.), Merchant networks in the early modern world, 1450–1800 (pp. 159–177). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Babbie, E. (2013). The practice of social research (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Bauman, Z. (2004). Identity: Conversations with Benedetto Vecchi. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5–68. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkmann, S. (2018). The Interview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed., pp. 576–599). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Budiwanti, E. (2012). Malaysian Indian Muslim’s oscillating identity: swinging between home. In Understanding confluences and contestations, continuities and changes: Towards transforming society and empowering people the work of 2009/2010 API fellows (pp. 81–87). Bangkok, Thailand: Nippon Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Callero, P. L. (2003). The Sociology of the Self. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 115–133. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuah, O. A., Shukri, A. S. M., & Yeoh, M. S. (2011). Indian Muslims in Malaysia: A sociological analysis of a minority ethnic group. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31(2), 217–230. doi:10.1080/13602004.2011.583513
   Google Scholar
• Cortazzi, M. (1993). Narrative Analysis. London, UK: Falmer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Czarniawska, B. (2004). Narratives in social science research. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Faruqi, S. S. (2003). Affirmative action policies and the constitution. Kajian Malaysia, 21(1&2), 31–57.
   Google Scholar
• Fernando, J. M. (2006). The position of Islam in the constitution of Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 37(2), 249–266. doi:10.1017/S0022463406000543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto, H. (1988). The South Indian Muslim Community and the Evolution of the Jawi Peranakan in Penang up to 1948. Tokyo, Japan: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Gergen, K. (1991). The saturated self: Dilemmas of identity in contemporary life. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
   Google Scholar
• Golubović, Z. (2011). An anthropological conceptualisation of identity. Synthesis Philosophica, 51(1), 25–43.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion, and national origins. New York. NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guan, L. H. (2005). Affirmative action in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Affairs, 211–228. doi:10.1355/seaa05l
   Google Scholar
• Hashim, M. S. (1976). An introduction to the constitution of Malaysia (2nd ed.). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Jabatan Cetak Kerajaan.
   Google Scholar
• Headland, T. N., Pike, K. L., & Harris, M. (Eds.). (1990). Emics and Etics: The insider/outsider debate. Newbury Park, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, A. H. (1955). The Hikayat Abdullah. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 28(3(171)), 3–354.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschman, C. (1986). The making of race in Colonial Malaya: Political economy and racial ideology. Sociological Forum, 1(2), 330–361. doi:10.1007/BF01115742
   Google Scholar
• Hirschman, C. (1987). The meaning and measurement of ethnicity in Malaysia : An analysis of census classifications. The Journal of Asian Studies, 46(3), 555–582. doi:10.2307/2056899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2010). Taburan Penduduk Dan Ciri-Ciri Asas Demografi. [Population distribution and basic demographic characteristics]. Putrajaya, Malaysia: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Kailasam, A. (2015). Political expediencies and the process of identity construction: The quest for Indian identity in Malaysia. Kajian Malaysia, 33(1), 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur, A. (2001). Sojourners and settlers: South Indians and communal identity in Malaysia. In C. Bates (Ed.), Community, empire and migration: South Asians in Diaspora (pp. 185-205). New York, NY: Palgrave. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05743-3
   Google Scholar
• Kim, K. K. (2006). Malay attitudes towards Indians. In K. S. Sandhu & A. Mani (Eds.), Indian communities in Southeast Asia (pp. 266–287). Singapore: ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute. doi:10.1355/9789812305732
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 2–22. doi:10.1037/qup0000082
   Google Scholar
• Ling-Chien Neo, J. (2006). Malay nationalism, Islamic supremacy and the constitutional bargain in the multi-ethnic composition of Malaysia. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 13(1), 95–118. doi:10.1163/157181106777069950
   Google Scholar
• Mahajani, U. (1960). The role of Indian minorities in Burma and Malaya. Bombay, Maharashtra: Vora & Co (The Institute of Pacific Relations).
   Google Scholar
• Mani, A. (1992). Aspects of identity and change among Tamil Muslims in Singapore. Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 12(2), 337–357. doi:10.1080/02666959208716253
   Google Scholar
• Marvasti, A. B. (2004). Qualitative research in sociology. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Milner, A. (2008). The Malays. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamad, J. R. (2004). Maritime history of the coromandel Muslims: A socio-historical study on the Tamil Muslims 1750–1900. Chennai, Tamil Nadu: Government Museum.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamad, M. (2008). The Malay Dilemma. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
   Google Scholar
• Munoz, P. M. (2006). Early Kingdoms of Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Didier Millet.
   Google Scholar
• Nagata, J. (1974). What is a Malay? Situational selection of ethnic identity in a plural society. American Ethnologist, 1, 331–350. doi:10.1525/ae.1974.1.2.02a00080
   Google Scholar
• Nagata, J. (2006). Religion and ethnicity among the Indian Muslims of Malaysia. In K. S. Sandhu & A. Mani (Eds.), Indian communities in Southeast Asia (pp. 513–540). Singapore: ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Nasution, K. S. (2014). The Chulia in Penang: Patronage and place-making around the Kapitan Kling Mosque, 1786–1957. Penang: Areca Books.
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Omar, A. (2003). Origins and development of the affirmative policy in Malaya and Malaysia: A historical overview. Kajian Malaysia, 21(1&2), 13–29.
   Google Scholar
• Pillai, P. (2015). Yearning to belong: Malaysia’s Indian Muslims, Chitties, Portuguese Eurasians, Peranakan Chinese and Baweanese. Singapore: ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative Analysis. Newbury Park, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(1), 25–41. doi:10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandhu, K. S. (1962). The role of Indian Minorities in Burma and Malaya. By Usha Mahajani, Vora & Co (For the Institute of Pacific Relations), Bombay, 1960. Journal of Southeast Asian History, 3(1), 143–147. doi:10.2307/20067374
   Google Scholar
• Sandhu, K. S. (1969). Indians in Malaya: Some aspects of their immigration and settlement (1786–1957). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sandhu, K. S. (2006). The coming of the Indians to Malaysia. In K. S. Sandhu & A. Mani (Eds.), Indian communities in southeast Asia (pp. 151–189). Singapore: ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shankar, R. A. (2001). Tamil Muslims in Tamil Nadu, Malaysia, and Singapore: Historical identity, problems of adjustment, and change in the twentieth century. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A. Jayanath.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman, D. (2015). Interpreting qualitative data (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Skinner, D., May, V., & Rollock, N. (2016). Self-identity and its discontents: Sociology in the 1990s. Sociology, 50(6), 1–11. doi:10.1177/0038038515621245
   Google Scholar
• Somers, M. R. (1994). Reclaiming the epistemological “other”: Narrative and the social construction of identity. In C. Calhoun (Ed.), Social theory and the politics of identity (pp. 37–99). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Stark, J. (2006). Indian Muslims in Malaysia: Images of shifting identities in the multi-ethnic state. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 26(3), 383–398. doi:10.1080/13602000601141398
   Google Scholar
• Stenson, M. (1980). Class, race & colonialism in West Malaysia: The Indian case. Vancouver, BC.: University of British Columbia Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stryker, S. (1980). Symbolic interactionism: A structural version. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self: Making of the modern identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vinod, G. (2014, February 26). Tamil Muslims facing an identity crises. Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved from http://newageislam.com/current-affairs/tamil-muslims-facing-identity-crisis-in-malaysia/d/45943
   Google Scholar
• Webster, L., & Mertova, P. (2007). Using narrative inquiry as a research method. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Willford, A. (2009). The figure of the Tamil in modern Malaysia. In A. Willford & E. Tagliacozzo (Eds.), Clio/Anthropos: exploring the boundaries between history and anthropology (pp. 223–272). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar