Disengagement and reengagement of HIV continuum of care in a single center cohort in northern Italy

References

• Mocroft A, Vella S, Benfield TL, et al. Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1. Lancet. 1998;352(9142):1725–1730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero MJ, Lin H-Y, Willig JH, et al. Missed visits and mortality among patients establishing initial outpatient HIV treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(2):248–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulett KB, Willig JH, Lin HY, et al. The therapeutic implications of timely linkage and early retention in HIV care. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009;23(1):41–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugavero MJ. Improving engagement in HIV care: What can we do? Top HIV Med. 2008;16:156–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 90-90-90: An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/90-90-90. Published 2014. Accessed October 26, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication. Published 2015. Accessed October 26, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• De Wit S, Battegay M, D’Arminio Monforte A, et al. European AIDS Clinical Society Second Standard of Care Meeting, Brussels 16–17 November 2016: A summary. HIV Med. 2017;19(2):77–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndiaye B, Ould K, Salleron J, et al. Incidence rate and risk factors for loss to follow-up in HIV-infected patients from five French clinical centres in Northern France – January 1997 to December 2006. Antivir Ther. 2009;14:567–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose S, Delpech V, Howarth A, et al. A continuum of HIV care describing mortality and loss to follow-up: A longitudinal cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018;5(6):e301–e308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gisslén M, Svedhem V, Lindborg L, et al. Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets. HIV Med. 2017;18(4):305–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helleberg M, Engsig FN, Kronborg G, et al. Retention in a public healthcare system with free access to treatment: A Danish nationwide HIV cohort study. AIDS. 2012;26(6):741–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohler P, Schmidt AJ, Cavassini M, et al. The HIV care cascade in Switzerland: Reaching the UNAIDS/WHO targets for patients diagnosed with HIV. AIDS. 2015;29(18):2509–2515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institut scientifique de Santé publique (WIV-ISP). Epidémiologie du SIDA et de l’infection à VIH en Belgique. Situation au 31 décembre 2016. https://epidemio.wiv-isp.be/ID/Pages/Publications.aspx. Published 2016. Accessed October 26, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Mcgettrick P, Ghavami-Kia B, Tinago W, et al. The HIV care cascade and sub-analysis of those linked to but not retained in care: The experience from a tertiary HIV referral service in Dublin. HIV Clin Trials. 2017;18(3):93–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinapori R, Giannini B, Riccardi N, et al. Predictors of retention in care in HIV-infected patients in a large hospital cohort in Italy. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;146(5):606–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazzaretti C, Borghi V, Franceschini E, Guaraldi G, Mussini C. Engagement and retention in care of patients diagnosed with HIV infection and enrolled in the Modena HIV Surveillance Cohort. In: Elev Int Congr Drug Ther HIV Infect. International AIDS Society; November 2012; Glasgow, UK [P105].
   Google Scholar
• Fusco FM, Scappaticci L, Navarra A, et al. Factors determining the Retention in Care in 798 persons living with HIV newly diagnosed at National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, in 2005–2011: A retrospective cohort study. In: Ital Conf AIDS Retrovirus. 2014; Rome, Italy [OC25].
   Google Scholar
• Torti C, Raffetti E, Donato F, et al. Cohort Profile: Standardized Management of Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort (MASTER Cohort). Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(2):e12(1–10).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saracino A, Tartaglia A, Trillo G, et al. Late presentation and loss to follow-up of immigrants newly diagnosed with HIV in the HAART era. J Immigr Minor Health. 2014;16(4):751–755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleishman JA, Yehia BR, Moore RD, Korthuis PT, Gebo KA, and for the HIV Research Network. Establishment, retention, and loss to follow-up in outpatient HIV care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(3):249–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thierfelder C, Weber R, Elzi L, et al. Participation, characteristics and retention rates of HIV-positive immigrants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HIV Med. 2012;13(2):118–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns F. Retention and re-engagement in care: a combination approach again required. In: Fourteenth Int Congr Drug Ther HIV Infect. International AIDS Society; November 2018 Glasgow, UK [O111].
   Google Scholar
• Mugavero MJ, Davila JA, Nevin CR, Giordano TP. From access to engagement: measuring retention in outpatient HIV clinical care. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010;24(10):607–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H, Wu XK, Genberg BL, et al. Beyond binary retention in HIV care: predictors of the dynamic processes of patient engagement, disengagement, and re-entry into care in a US clinical cohort. AIDS. 2018;32:2217–2225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althoff KN, Justice AC, Gange SJ, et al. Virologic and immunologic response to HAART, by age and regimen class. AIDS. 2010;24(16):2469–2479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camoni L, Salfa MC, Regine V, et al. HIV incidence estimate among non-nationals in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(11):813–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regine V., Pugliese L., Boros S., Santaquilani M., Ferri M. Aggiornamento delle nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV e dei casi di AIDS in Italia al 31 Dicembre 2016. Not dell’Istituto Super di sanità. 2017;30(Supplemento 1):9.
   Google Scholar
• Raffetti E, Postorino MC, Castelli F, et al. The risk of late or advanced presentation of HIV infected patients is still high, associated factors evolve but impact on overall mortality is vanishing over calendar years: Results from the Italian MASTER Cohort. BMC Public Health; 2016;16(1):878.
   Google Scholar
• Trickey A, May MT, Vehreschild J-J, et al. Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. Lancet HIV. 2017;4:e349–e356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luzi AM, Pugliese L., Schwarz M. Access to treatment for immigrant: practical indications. Not dell’Istituto Super di sanità. 2015;28(Supplemento 1):11.
   Google Scholar
• Tanser F, Bärnighausen T, Vandormael A, Dobra A. HIV treatment cascade in migrants and mobile populations. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015;10(6):430–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabrielli C., Schiaroli E., De Socio G., Papalini C., Pasticci M.B., Baldelli F. Retention in care of HIV-positive patients from 2005 to 2014: comparison between Italian and non-Italian patients. In: Ital Conf AIDS Retrovirus. 2018; Rome Italy [P106].
   Google Scholar
• Kinoshita M, Oka S. Migrant patients living with HIV/AIDS in Japan: Review of factors associated with high dropout rate in a leading medical institution in Japan. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abgrall S, del Amo J. Effect of sociodemographic factors on survival of people living with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016;11(5):501–506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migrants Working Group on behalf of COHERE in EuroCoord. Mortality in migrants living with HIV in western Europe (1997–2013): a collaborative cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(12):e540–e549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Socio-economic Inequalities and HIV Writing Group for Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord. Delayed HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy: inequalities by educational level, COHERE in EuroCoord. AIDS. 2014;28:2297–2306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saracino A, Zaccarelli M, Lorenzini P, et al. Impact of social determinants on antiretroviral therapy access and outcomes entering the era of universal treatment for people living with HIV in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Colombo M. Immigrazione e contesti locali. In: Annuario CIRMib 2017. Brescia: Vita e Pensiero; 2017. 348 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Curno MJ, Rossi S, Hodges-Mameletzis I, Johnston R, Price MA, Heidari S. A systematic review of the inclusion (or exclusion) of women in HIV research: From clinical studies of antiretrovirals and vaccines to cure strategies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;71(2):181–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lekas H-M, Siegel K, Schrimshaw EW. Continuities and discontinuities in the experiences of felt and enacted stigma among women with HIV/AIDS. Qual Health Res. 2006;16(9):1165–1190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labhardt ND, Ringera I, Lejone TI, et al. Effect of offering same-day ART vs usual health facility referral during home-based HIV testing on linkage to care and viral suppression among adults with HIV in Lesotho: The CASCADE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319(11):1103–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen HH, Bui DD, Dinh TTT, et al. A prospective “test-and-treat” demonstration project among people who inject drugs in Vietnam. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(7):1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ongwandee S, Lertpiriyasuwat C, Khawcharoenporn T, et al. Implementation of a test, treat, and prevent HIV program among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Thailand, 2015–2016. PLoS One; 2018;13(7):e0201171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors WJ, Krentz HB, Gill MJ. Healthcare contacts among patients lost to follow-up in HIV care: Review of a large regional cohort utilizing electronic health records. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28(13):1275–1281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udeagu C-CN, Shah S, Misra K, Sepkowitz KA, Braunstein SL. Where are they now? Assessing if persons returned to HIV care following loss to follow-up by public health case workers were engaged in care in follow-up years. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2018;32(5):181–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mammone A, Pezzotti P, Regine V, et al. How many people are living with undiagnosed HIV infection? An estimate for Italy, based on surveillance data. AIDS. 2016;30(7):1131–1136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar