Pulmonary Responses to Welding Fumes: Role of Metal Constituents

REFERENCES

• ACGIH . 2001 . “ Welding fumes, not otherwise specified ” . In Documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical substances , 7th , 1726 – 1727 . Cincinnat, OH : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists .
   Google Scholar
• Akbar-Khanzadeh , F. 1980 . Long-term effects of welding fumes upon respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function . J. Occup. Med. , 22 : 337 – 341 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akbar-Khanzadeh , F. 1993 . Short-term respiratory function changes in relation to work shift welding fume exposures . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 64 : 393 – 397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini , J. M. 2003 . Health effects of welding . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 33 : 61 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini , J. M. , Van Dyke , K. , Ye , Z. , DiMatteo , M. and Reasor , M. J. 1994 . Introduction of luminoldependent chemiluminescence as a method to study silica inflammation in the tissue and phagocytic cells of rat lung . Environ. Health Perspect. , 102 ( suppl. 10 ) : 37 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini , J. M. , Krishna Murthy , G. G. , Rogers , R. A. , Albert , R. , Ulrich , G. D. and Brain , J. D. 1996 . Pneumotoxicity and pulmonary clearance of different welding fumes after intratracheal instillation in the rat . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 140 : 188 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini , J. M. , Krishna Murthy , G. G. and Brain , J. D. 1997 . Responses to welding fumes: Lung injury, inflammation, and the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β . Exp. Lung Res. , 23 : 205 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini , J. M. , Lawryk , N. J. , Krishna Murthy , G. G. and Brain , J. D. 1999 . Effect of welding fume solubility on lung macrophage viability and function in vitro . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 58 : 343 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonini , J. M. , Lewis , A. B. , Roberts , J. R. and Whaley , D. A. 2003 . Pulmonary effects of welding fumes: Review of worker and experimental animal studies . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 43 : 350 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attfield , M. D. and Ross , D. S. 1978 . Radiological abnormalities in electric arc welders . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 35 : 117 – 122 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beach , J. R. , Dennis , J. H. , Avery , A. J. , Bromly , C. L. , Ward , R. J. , Walters , E. H. , Stenton , S. C. and Hendrick , D. J. 1996 . An epidemiologic investigation of asthma in welders . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 154 : 1394 – 1400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , B. D. , Brain , J. D. and Bohannon , D. E. 1982 . An in vivo hamster bioassay to assess the toxicity of particulates for the lungs . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 66 : 9 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker , N. 1999 . Cancer mortality among arc welders exposed to fumes containing chromium and nickel . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 41 : 294 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boshnakova , E. , Divanyan , S. , Zlatarov , I. , Marovsky , S. V. , Kisyova , K. , Zanev , D. , Karev , G. and Marinova , T. Z. 1989 . Immunological screening of welders . J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol. , 33 : 379 – 382 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buerke , U. , Schneider , J. , Rosler , J. and Woitowitz , H.-J. 2002 . Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis after severe exposure to welding fumes . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 41 : 259 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1999 . Occupational employment statistics: 1999 National occupational employment and wage estimates Accessed 8-17-01.
   Google Scholar
• Clapp , D. E. and Owen , R. J. 1977 . An investigation of potential health hazards of arc welding fume growth with time . Welding J. , 56 : 380s – 385s .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggon , D. , Inskip , H. , Winter , P. and Pannett , B. 1994 . Lobar pneumonia: An occupational disease in welders . Lancet , 344 : 41 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , M. D. , Kargacin , B. , Klein , C. B. and Costa , M. 1993 . Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 23 : 255 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsen , T. E. , Langard , S. , Andersen , A. and Knudsen , O. 1993 . Incidence of cancer among welders of mild steel and other shipyard workers . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 50 : 1097 – 1103 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Danielsen , T. E. , Langard , S. and Andersen , A. 2000 . Incidence of cancer among welders and other shipyard workers with information on previous work history . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 42 : 101 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doig , A. T. and Challen , P. J. R. 1964 . Respiratory hazards in welding . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 7 : 223 – 231 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dreher , K. L. , Jaskot , R. H. , Lehmann , J. R. , Richards , R. H. , McGee , J. K. , Ghio , A. J. and Costa , D. L. 1997 . Soluble transition metals mediate residual oil fly ash induced acute lung injury . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 50 : 285 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferin , J. , Oberdorster , G. and Penney , D. P. 1992 . Pulmonary retention of ultrafine and fine particles in rats . Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. , 6 : 535 – 542 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , K. S. , Lauritsen , J. M. and Skytthe , A. 1996 . Cancer incidence among mild steel and stainless steel welders and other metal workers . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 30 : 373 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt , P. J. 2001 . Strategies for risk assessment and control in welding: challenges for developing countries . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 45 : 295 – 298 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hobart Institute of Welding Technology . 1977 . Pocket welding guide , 119 – 124 . Troy, OH : Hobart Brothers Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Howden , D. G. , Desmeules , M. J. A. , Saracci , R. , Sprince , N. L. and Herber , P. I. 1988 . Respiratory hazards of welding: Occupational exposure characterization . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 138 : 1047 – 1048 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC . 1990 . Chromium, nickel, and welding . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum. , 49 : 447 – 525 .
   Google Scholar
• Kleinfeld , M. , Messite , J. , Kooyman , O. and Spiro , J. 1969 . Welders’ siderosis: A clinical roentgenographic and physiological study . Arch. Environ. Health , 19 : 70 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti , U. P. , Hauser , R. , Christiani , D. C. , Meng , Z. H. , McGee , J. , Ledbetter , A. , Richards , J. and Costa , D. L. 1998 . Pulmonary responses to oil fly ash particles in the rat differ by virtue of their specific soluble metals . Toxicol. Sci. , 43 : 204 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , A. B. , Taylor , M. D. , Roberts , J. R. , Leonard , S. S. , Shi , X. and Antonini , J. M. 2003 . Role of metal-induced reactive generation in lung responses caused by residual oil fly ash . J. Biosci. , 28 : 13 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , C. J. , Guidotti , T. L. and Langard , S. 1997 . Respiratory hazards of welding . Clin. Pulm. Med. , 4 : 194 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Maxild , J. , Andersen , M. , Kiel , P. and Stern , R. M. 1978 . Mutagenicity of fume particles from metal arc welding on stainless steel in the Salmonella/microsome test . Mutat. Res. , 56 : 235 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minni , E. , Gustafsson , T. E. , Koponen , M. and Kalliomaki , P.-L. 1984 . A study of the chemical structure of particles in the welding fumes of mild and stainless steel . J. Aerosol. Sci. , 15 : 57 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. K. C. 1989 . On welding, wheezing, and whimsy . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 50 : 59 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin , J. J. 1997 . A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of lung cancer in welders . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 23 : 104 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin , J. J. , Wild , P. , Haguenoer , J. M. , Faucon , D. , DeGaudemaris , R. , Mur , J. M. , Mereau , M. , Gary , Y. , Toamain , J. P. and Birembaut , Y. 1993 . A mortality study among mild steel and stainless steel welders . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 50 : 234 – 243 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mur , J. M. , Teculescu , D. , Pham , Q. T. , Gaertner , M. , Massin , N. , Meyer-Bisch , C. , Moulin , J. J. , Diebold , F. and Pierre , F. 1985 . Lung function and clinical findings in a cross-sectional study of arc welders: An epidemiological study . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 57 : 1 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIOSH . 1992 . Recommendations for occupational safety and health: Compendium of policy documents and statements. , Cincinnati, OH : U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) . Publication No. 92-100., NIOSH
   Google Scholar
• Oberdorster , G. , Ferin , J. , Gelein , R. , Soderholm , S. C. and Finkelstein , J. 1992 . Role of alveolar macrophage in lung injury: Studies with ultrafine particles . Environ. Health Perspect. , 97 : 193 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxhoj , H. , Bake , B. , Wedel , H. and Wilhelmsen , L. 1979 . Effects of electric arc welding on ventilatory function . Arch. Environ Health , 34 : 211 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosler , J. A. and Woitowitz , H.-J. 1996 . Welder's siderosis progressing to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis after ongoing exposure to welding fumes . Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. , 9 : 220S
   Google Scholar
• Sferlazza , S. J. and Beckett , W. S. 1991 . The respiratory health of welders . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 143 : 1134 – 1148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonsson , B. G. , Nielsen , J. , Karlsson , S.-E. , Horstman , V. , Kronholm-Diab , K. and Skerfving , S. 1995 . A prospective study on bronchial responsiveness in newly employed workers exposed to substances potentially harmful to the airways . Eur. Respir. J. , 8 : 194S
   Google Scholar
• Sjogren , B. , Gustavsson , A. and Hedstrom , L. 1987 . Mortality in two cohorts of welders exposed to high and low levels of hexavalent chromium . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 13 : 247 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjogren , B. , Stragis Hansen , K. , Kjuus , H. and Persson , P.-G. 1994 . Exposure to stainless steel welding fumes and lung cancer: A meta-analysis . Occup. Environ. Med. , 51 : 335 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobaszek , A. , Boulenguez , C. , Frimat , P. , Robin , H. , Haguenoer , J. M. and Edme , J.-L. 2000 . Acute respiratory effects of exposure to stainless steel and mild steel welding fumes . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 42 : 923 – 931 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sreekanthan , P. 1997 . Study of chromium in welding fume. , Cambridge, MA : Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Steenland , K. , Beaumont , J. and Elliot , L. 1991 . Lung cancer in mild steel welders . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 133 : 220 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , R. M. 1977 . A chemical, physical, and biological assay of welding fumes Glostrup, Denmark Danish Welding Institute Publication 77.05.
   Google Scholar
• Stern , R. M. 1981 . Process-dependent risk of delayed health effects for welders . Environ. Health Perspect. , 41 : 235 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , R. M. 1983 . Assessment of risk of lung cancer for welders . Arch. Environ. Health , 38 : 148 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuschl , H. , Weber , E. and Kovac , R. 1997 . Investigations on immune parameters in welders . J. Appl. Toxicol. , 17 : 377 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulfarson , U. 1981 . Survey of air contaminants from welding . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 2 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Villaume , J. E. , Wasti , K. , Liss-Suter , D. and Hsiao , S. 1979 . Effects of Welding on Health , Miami, FL : American Welding Society .
   Google Scholar
• Voitkevich , V. 1995 . “ Welding fume properties ” . In Welding fumes—Formation, properties, and biological effects , 18 – 71 . Cambridge, England : Abington .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Z. P. , Larsson , K. , Malmberg , P. , Sjogren , B. , Hallberg , B. O. and Wrangskog , K. 1994 . Asthma, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness in welders . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 26 : 741 – 754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wergeland , E. and Iversen , B. G. 2001 . Deaths from pneumonia after welding . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 27 : 353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer , A. T. and Biswas , P. 2001 . Characterization of the aerosols resulting from arc welding processes . J. Aerosol Sci. , 32 : 993 – 1008 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar