COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF WATER LETTUCE, DUCKWEED, AND ALGAL-BASED STABILIZATION PONDS USING LOW-STRENGTH SEWAGE

REFERENCES

• APHA/AWWA . 1992 . Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater , 18th ed , Washington, D.C. : American Public Health Association, Water Environmental Federation Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Attionu , R. H. 1976 . Some effects of water lettuce . (Pistia stratiotes) Hydrobiologia 50 , : 245 – 256 .
   Google Scholar
• Awuah , E. , Asante , K. , Anohene , F. , Lubberding , H. J. and Gijzen , H. J. 2001 . Environmental conditions and pathogen removal in macrophyte and algal-based wastewater treatment systems. . Water Sci. Technol. , 44 : 11 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awuah , E. , Lubberding , H. J. , Asante , K. and Gijzen , H. J. 2002 . The effect of pH on enterococci removal in pistia, duckweed and algae-based ponds stabilization ponds for domestic wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 45 : 67 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awuah , E. , Boateng , J. , Lubberding , H. J. and Gijzen , H. J. 2003 . “ Effect of pH on faecal coliform removal in domestic wastewater treatment ” . In Proc. School of Engineering Research Retreat (SERR2) at Elmina Ghana
   Google Scholar
• Bastein , P. K. and Hammer , D. A. 1993 . “ The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and recycling. ” . In In Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement , Edited by: Moshiri , G. A. 62 – 65 . Chelsea, MI : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Bonomo , L. , Pastorelli , G. and Zambon , N. 1997 . Advantages and limitations of duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems. . Water Sci. Technol. , 35 : 239 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brettar , I. and Höfle , M. 1992 . Influence of ecosystematic factors on survival of Escherichia coli after large scale release into lake mesocosms . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 58 : 2201 – 2210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , T. P. , Mara , D. D. and Silva , S. A. 1992 . Influence of pH, oxygen and humic substances on ability of sunlight to damage fecal coliforms in waste stabilization ponds. . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 58 : 1335 – 1343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies-Colley , R. J. , Donnison , A. M. , Speed , D. J. , Ross , C. M. and Nagels , J. W. 1999 . Inactivation of fecal indicator microorganisms in waste stabilization ponds interactions of environmental factors with sunlight . Water Res. , 33 : 1220 – 1230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feacham , R. G. , Bradley , D. J. , Garelick , H. and Mara , D. D. 1983 . Sanitation and disease: Health aspects of excreta and wastewater management , London : Wiley. .
   Google Scholar
• Gersberg , R. , Lyon , S. and Elkins , B. 1989 . “ Integrated wastewater treatment using artificial wetlands ” . In In Constructed wetlands for wastewater , Edited by: Hammer , D. A. 477 – 483 . Chelsea, MI : Lewis .
   Google Scholar
• Gijzen , H. J. and Khonker , M. 1997 . An overview of the ecology, physiology, cultivation and application of duckweed. Lit. review , World Bank . Report 0896, Duckweed Research project
   Google Scholar
• Goma , L. K. H. 1966 . The mosquito , Edited by: Webb , J. E. and Newell , G. E. 16 – 19 . 48 – 62 . 95 – 105 . London : Hutchinson and Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. C. , Enriquez , C. E. , Pepper , L. I. , Davies , T. O. , Garba , C. P. and Rose , J. B. 1997 . Survival of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters . Water Sci. Technol. , 35 : 261 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kansiime , F. and van , J. J. A. 2001 . Distribution and retention of fecal coliforms in the Nakivobu wetland in Kampala, Uganda . Water Sci. Technol. , 44 : 199 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsdell , M. 1987 . The development of lagoons in Venezuela. . Water Sci. Technol. , 19 : 55 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lijklema , L. , Habekotte , B. , Hooijmans , C. M. , Aalderink , R. H. and Havelaar , A. H. 1987 . Survival of indicator organisms in a detention pond receiving combined sewer overflow . Water Sci. Technol. , 19 : 547 – 555 .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. 1986 . Wastewater in treatment in hot climates. , New York : Wiley and Sons. .
   Google Scholar
• Mara , D. D. and Pearson , H. W. 1986 . “ Artificial freshwater environments: Waste stabilization ponds ” . In In Biotechnology , Edited by: Schoernborn , W. 177 – 206 . WeinheimGermany : VCH. .
   Google Scholar
• Maynard , H. E. , Ouki , S. K. and Williams , S. C. 1999 . Review paper, Tertiary lagoons: Review of removal mechanisms and performance. . Water Res. , 33 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayo , A. W. 1996 . BOD5 removal in facultative ponds: experience in Tanzania . Water Sci. Technol. , 34 : 447 – 455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. 1991 . Wastewater engineering; Treatment, disposal and re-use , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Mills , S. W. , Alabaster , G. P. , Mara , D. D. , Pearson , H. W. and Thitai , W. N. 1992 . Efficiency of fecal bacteria removal in waste stabilization ponds in Kenya . Water Sci. Technol. , 26 : 1739 – 1748 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parhad , N. M. and Rao , N. U. 1972 . The effect of algal growth on the survival of E. coli in sewage . Indian J. Environ. Health , 14 : 131 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , H. W. , Mara , D. D. , Mills , S. W. and Smallman , D. J. 1987 . Physiochemical parameters influencing faecal bacteria survival in waste stabilization ponds . Water Sci. Technol. , 19 : 145 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , S. C. , Middlebrooks , E. J. and Crites , R. H. 1988 . Natural systems for waste management and treatment , Edited by: Post , N. M. and Halston , J. New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Sainty , G. R. and Jacobs , S. W. L. 1981 . Water plants of New South Wales , New South Wales London : Water Resources Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Saqqar , M. M. and Pescod , M. B. 1992 . Modeling coliforms reduction in wastewater stabilization ponds. . Water Sci. Technol. , 26 : 1667 – 1677 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangodoyin , A. Y. and Ugoji , C. 1993 . Coordinated wastewater treatment and reuse–A developing country's experience. . Int. J. Environ. Stud. A , 43 : 281 – 286 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , B. M. and Sridhar , M. K. C. 1985 . Some observations on oxygen changes in lakes covered with Pistia stratiotes. . Water Res. , 19 : 935 – 939 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toms , I. P. , Owens , M. and Hall , J. A. 1975 . Observations on the performance of polishing lagoons at a large regional works. . Water Pollut. Control , 74 : 383 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Van , J. C. L. and Hobma , S. W. L. 1981 . Fecal coliforms die-off at post treatment of anaerobically pre-treated domestic wastewater , Wageningen, , the Netherlands : Department of Environmental Technology, Agricultural University of Wageningen .
   Google Scholar
• Von , M. 1996 . Comparison among the most frequently used systems for wastewater treatment in developing countries . Water Sci. Technol. , 33 : 57 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , B. 1991 . Ecological waste treatment and utilization system: low-cost energy saving /generating, resources recoverable technology for pollution control in China . Water Sci. Technol. , 24 : 8 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagoubi , M. , Foutlane , A. , Bourchich , L. , Jellal , J. , Wittland , C. and El , M. 2000 . Study on the performance of the wastewater stabilization pond of Boujaâd, Morocco . J. Water Supply Res. Technol. , 49 : 203 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmo , O. R. , Al-Saed , R. M. , Van der , N. P. and Gijzen , H. J. 2002 . Process performance assessment of algae and duckweed wastewater treatment systems . Water Sci. Technol , 45 : 91 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar