Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicide Exposure for Women on Ontario Farms

References

• Acquavella , J. F. , Alexander , B. H. , Mandel , J. S. , Gustin , C. , Baker , B. , Chapman , P. and Bleeke , M. 2004 . Glyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the Farm Family Exposure Study . Environ. Health Perspect. , 112 : 321 – 326 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alessio , L. , Berlin , A. , Dell’Orto , A. , Toffoletto , F. and Ghezzi , I. 1985 . Reliability of urinary creatinine as a parameter used to adjust values of urinary biological indicators . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 55 : 99 – 106 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , T. E. , Schrader , S. M. , Cole , D. , Hall , J. C. , Bancej , C. M. , Turner , L. A. and Claman , P. 1999a . 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid residues in semen of Ontario farmers . Reprod. Toxicol. , 13 : 421 – 429 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , T. E. , Savitz , D. A. , Mery , L. S. and Curtis , K. M. 1999b . Exposure to phenoxy herbicides and the risk of spontaneous abortion . Epidemiology , 10 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , T. E. , Lin , Z. and Mery , L. S. 2001 . An exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an Ontario farm population . Environ. Health Perspect , 109 : 851 – 857 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , T. E. , Burnett , R. , Cole , D. , Teschke , K. , Dosemeci , M. , Bancej , C. and Zhang , J. 2002 . Predictors of herbicide exposure in farm applicators . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 75 : 406 – 414 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , T. E. , Cole , D. C. , Ritter , L. and Ripley , B. D. 2004 . Farm children’s exposure to herbicides: Comparison of biomonitoring and questionnaire data . Epidemiology , 15 : 187 – 194 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , T. E. , Cole , D. C. , Ritter , L. and Ripley , B. D. in press . Biomonitoring of herbicides in Ontario farm applicators . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr , D. B. , Barr , J. R. , Driskell , W. J. , Hill , R. H. Jr. , Ashley , D. L. , Needham , L. L. , Head , S. L. and Sampson , E. J. 1999 . Strategies for biological monitoring of exposure for contemporary-use pesticides . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 15 : 168 – 179 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camann , D. E. , Harding , H. J. , Clothier , J. M. , Kuchibhatla , R.V. and Bond , A. E. 1995 . “ Dermal and in-home exposure of the farm family to agricultural pesticides ” . In Proc. 1994 U.S. EPA/AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, VIP-50 , 548 – 554 . Pittsburgh, PA : Air & Waste Management Association .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2003 . Second national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals , Atlanta, GA : Department of Health and Human Services . January
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , S. P. , Burau , K. , Sweeney , A. , Robison , T. , Smith , M. A. , Symanski , E. , Colt , J. S. , Laseter , J. and Zahm , S. H. 2001 . Prenatal exposure to pesticides: A feasibility study among migrant and seasonal farmworkers . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 40 : 578 – 585 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , K. M. , Savitz , D. A. , Weinberg , C. R. and Arbuckle , T. E. 1999 . The effect of pesticide exposure on time to pregnancy . Epidemiology , 10 : 112 – 117 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garry , V. F. , Harkins , M. , Lyubimov , A. , Erickson , L. and Long , L. 2002 . Reproductive outcomes in the women of the Red River Valley of the north. I. The spouses of pesticide applicators: pregnancy loss, age at menarche, and exposure to pesticides . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 65 : 769 – 786 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenlee , A. R. , Arbuckle , T. E. and Chyou , P. H. 2003 . Risk factors for female infertility in an agricultural region . Epidemiology , 14 : 429 – 436 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , S. A. , Purdham , J. T. , Corey , P. N. and Sas-Kortsak , A. M. 2000 . An evaluation of 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion for use in identification of incomplete urine collections and adjustment of absorbed dose of pesticides . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 61 : 649 – 657 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , R. H. Jr. , Head , S. L. , Baker , S. , Gregg , M. , Shealy , D. B. , Bailey , S. L. , Williams , C. C. , Sampson , E. J. and Needham , L. L. 1995 . Pesticides residues in urine of adults living in the United States: Reference range concentrations . Environ. Res. , 71 : 99 – 108 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsey , J. L. , Whittemore , A. S. , Evans , A. S. and Thompson , W. D. 1996 . Methods in observational epidemiology , 2nd , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Knopp , D. 1994 . Assessment of exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the chemical industry: Results of a five year biological monitoring study . Occup. Environ. Med. , 51 : 152 – 159 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knopp , D. and Glass , S. 1991 . Biological monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-exposed workers in agriculture and forestry . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 63 : 329 – 333 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli , J. D. , Khanna , R. N. , Gupta , B. N. , Dhar , M. M. , Tandon , J. S. and Sircar , K. P. 1974 . Absorption and excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in man . Xenobiotica , 4 : 97 – 100 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolmodin-Hedman , B. , Höglund , S. and Åkerblom , M. 1983a . Studies on phenoxy acid herbicides. I. Field study—Occupational exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides (MCPA, dichlorprop, mecoprop and 2,4-D) in agriculture . Arch. Toxicol. , 54 : 257 – 265 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolmodin-Hedman , B. , Höglund , S. , Swensson , Å and Åkerblom , M. 1983b . Studies of phenoxy acid herbicides: II: Oral and dermal uptake and elimination in urine of MCPA in humans . Arch. Toxicol. , 54 : 267 – 273 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDuffie , H. H. 1994 . Women at work: Agriculture and pesticides . J. Occup. Med. , 36 : 1240 – 1246 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’ Rourke , M. K. , Lizardi , P. S. , Rogan , S. P. , Freeman , N. C. , Aguirre , A. and Saint , C. G. 2000 . Pesticide exposure and creatinine variation among young children . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol , 10 : 672 – 681 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ripley , B. D. , Mena , F. and Lyttle , C. 1997 . Pesticide exposure assessment study: Pesticides in urine. Part 1—Analytical results, methodology and quality control , Guelph : Pesticide and Trace Contaminants Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs . February
   Google Scholar
• Sauerhoff , M. W. , Braun , W. H. , Blau , G. E. and Gehring , P. J. 1977 . The fate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) following oral administration to man . Toxicology , 8 : 3 – 11 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savitz , D. A. , Arbuckle , T. , Kaczor , D. and Curtis , K. M. 1997 . Male pesticide exposure and pregnancy outcome . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 146 : 1025 – 1036 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreinemachers , D. M. 2003 . Birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four U.S. wheat-producing states . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 1259 – 1264 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semchuk , K. M. , McDuffie , H. H. , Senthilselvan , A. , Dosman , J. A. , Cessna , A. J. and Irvine , D. G. 2003 . Factors associated with detection of bromoxynil in a sample of rural residents . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 66 : 103 – 132 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semchuk , K. M. , McDuffie , H. H. , Senthilselvan , A. , Dosman , J. A. , Cessna , A. J. and Irvine , D. G. 2004 . Body mass index and bromoxynil exposure in a sample of rural residents during spring herbicide application . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 67 : 1321 – 1352 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar