Induction of p53-Regulated Gene Expression in Human Cell Lines Exposed to the Cyanobacterial Toxin Cylindrospermopsin

REFERENCES

• Banker , R. , Carmeli , S. , Werman , M. , Teltsch , B. , Porat , R. and Sukenik , A. 2001 . Uracil moiety is required for toxicity of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 62 : 281 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressac , B. , Galvin , K. M. , Liang , T. J. , Isselbacher , K. J. , Wands , J. R. and Ozturk , M. 1990 . Abnormal structure and expression of p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 87 : 1973 – 1977 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , C. L. and Wei , G. 2003 . Ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation: the molecular basis for p53 regulation . Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. , 15 : 164 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byth , S. 1980 . Palm Island mystery disease . Med. J. Aust. , 2 : 40 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipuk , J. E. , Kuwana , T. , Bouchier-Hayes , L. , Droin , N. M. , Newmeyer , D. D. , Schuler , M. and Green , D. R. 2004 . Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis . Science , 303 : 1010 – 1014 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erster , S. , Mihara , M. , Kim , R. H. , Petrenko , O. and Moll , U. M. 2004 . In vivo mitochondrial p53 translocation triggers a rapid first wave of cell death in response to DNA damage that can precede p53 target gene activation . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 24 : 6728 – 6741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froscio , S. M. , Humpage , A. R. , Burcham , P. C. and Falconer , I. R. 2001 . Cell-free protein synthesis inhibition assay for the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin . Environ. Toxicol. , 16 : 408 – 412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froscio , S. M. , Humpage , A. R. , Burcham , P. C. and Falconer , I. R. 2003 . Cylindrospermopsin-induced protein synthesis inhibition and its dissociation from acute toxicity in mouse hepatocytes . Environ. Toxicol. , 18 : 243 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartel , A. L. , Serfas , M. S. , Gartel , M. , Goufman , E. , Wu , G. S. , Sel-Deiry , W. . and Tyner , A. L. . 1996 . p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression is induced in newly nondividing cells in diverse epithelia and during differentiation of the Caco-2 intestinal cell line . Exp. Cell. Res. , 227 : 171 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , D. R. 2000 . Apoptotic pathways: Paper wraps stone blunts scissors . Cell , 102 : 1 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada , K. I. , Ohtani , I. , Iwamoto , K. , Suzuki , M. , Watanabe , M. F. , Watanabe , M. and Terao , K. 1994 . Isolation of cylindrospermopsin from a cyanobacterium Umezakia natans and its screening method . Toxicon , 32 : 73 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , P. R. , Chandrasena , N. R. , Jones , G. J. , Humpage , A. R. and Falconer , I. R. 1997 . Isolation and toxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from an ornamental lake . Toxicon , 35 : 341 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander , M. C. , Alamo , I. , Jackman , J. , Wang , M. G. , McBride , O. W. and Fornace , A. J. Jr. 1993 . Analysis of the mammalian gadd45 gene and its response to DNA damage . J. Biol. Chem. , 268 : 24385 – 24393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda , R. , Tanaka , H. and Yasuda , H. 1997 . Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53 . FEBS Lett. , 420 : 25 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda , R. and Yasuda , H. 1999 . Association of p19(ARF) with Mdm2 inhibits ubiquitin ligase activity of Mdm2 for tumor suppressor p53 . EMBO J. , 18 : 22 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humpage , A. R. , Fenech , M. , Thomas , P. and Falcone , r. I. R. 2000 . Micronucleus induction and chromosome loss in transformed human white cells indicate clastogenic and aneugenic action of the cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin . Mutat. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mut. , 472 : 155 – 161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humpage , A. R. , Fontaine , F. , Froscio , S. , Burcham , P. and Falcone , r. I. R. 2005 . Cylindrospermopsin genotoxicity and cytotoxicity: Role of cytochrome P-450 and oxidative stress . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 68 : 739 – 753 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , R. H. , Carmichael , W. W. , Brittain , S. , Eaglesham , G. K. , Shaw , G. R. , Liu , Y. D. and Watanabe , M. M. 2001 . First report of the cyanotoxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Raphidiopsis curvata (Cyanobacteria) . J. Phycol. , 37 : 1121 – 1126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meek , D. W. 1998 . Multisite phosphorylation and the integration of stress signals at p53 . Cell Signal. , 10 : 159 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalf , J. S. , Lindsay , J. , Beattie , K. A. , Birmingham , S. , Saker , M. L. , Torokne , A. K. and Codd , G. A. 2002 . Toxicity of cylindrospermopsin to the brine shrimp Artemia salina: Comparisons with protein synthesis inhibitors and microcystins . Toxicon , 40 : 1115 – 1120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris , R. L. , Eaglesham , G. K. , Shaw , G. R. , Senogles , P. , Chiswell , R. K. , Smith , M. J. , Davis , B. C. , Seawright , A. A. and Moore , M. R. 2001 . Extraction and purification of the zwitterions cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii . Environ. Toxicol. , 16 : 391 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtani , I. , Moore , R. E. and Runnegar , M. T. C. 1992 . Cylindrospermopsin: A potent hepatotoxin from blue-green algae Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 114 : 7941 – 7942 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaffl , M. W. , Horgan , G. W. and Dempfle , L. 2002 . Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR . Nucleic Acids Res. , 30 : e36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozen , S. and Skaletsky , H. 2000 . Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers . Methods Mol. Biol. , 132 : 365 – 386 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Runnegar , M. T. , Kong , S. M. , Zhong , Y. Z. , Ge , J. L. and Lu , S. C. 1994 . The role of glutathione in the toxicity of a novel cyanobacterial alkaloid cylindrospermopsin in cultured rat hepatocytes . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 201 : 235 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runnegar , M. T. , Kong , S. M. , Zhong , Y. Z. and Lu , S. C. 1995 . Inhibition of reduced glutathione synthesis by cyanobacterial alkaloid cylindrospermopsin in cultured rat hepatocytes . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 49 : 219 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta , S. and Harris , C. C. 2005 . p53: Traffic cop at the crossroads of DNA repair and recombination . Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. , 6 : 44 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , G. R. , Seawright , A. A. , Moore , M. R. and Lam , P. K. S. 2000 . Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanobacterial alkaloid: Evaluation of its toxicologic activity . Ther. Drug Monitor. , 22 : 89 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , G. R. , Sukenik , A. , Livne , A. , Chiswell , R. K. , Smith , M. J. , Seawright , A. A. , Norris , R. L. , Eaglesham , G. K. and Moore , M. R. 1999 . Blooms of the cylindrospermopsin containing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Forti), in newly constructed lakes, Queensland, Australia . Environ. Toxicol. , 14 : 167 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , X. Y. , Lam , P. K. S. , Shaw , G. R. and Wickramasinghe , W. 2002 . Genotoxicity investigation of a cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin . Toxicon , 40 : 1499 – 1501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shieh , S. Y. , Ikeda , M. , Taya , Y. and Prives , C. 1997 . DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 alleviates inhibition by MDM2 . Cell , 91 : 325 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M. L. , Ford , J. M. , Hollander , M. C. , Bortnick , R. A. , Amundson , S. A. , Seo , Y. R. , Deng , C. X. , Hanawalt , P. C. and Fornace , A. J. Jr. 2000 . p53-mediated DNA repair responses to UV radiation: studies of mouse cells lacking p53, p21, and/or gadd45 genes . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 20 : 3705 – 3714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stommel , J. M. and Wahl , G. M. 2004 . Accelerated MDM2 auto-degradation induced by DNA-damage kinases is required for p53 activation . EMBO J. , 23 : 1547 – 1556 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terao , K. , Ohmori , S. , Igarashi , K. , Ohtani , I. , Watanabe , M. F. , Harada , K. I. , Ito , E. and Watanabe , M. 1994 . Electron microscopic studies on experimental poisoning in mice induced by cylindrospermopsin isolated from blue-green alga Umezakia natans . Toxicon , 32 : 833 – 843 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X. W. , Zhan , Q. , Coursen , J. D. , Khan , M. A. , Kontny , H. U. , Yu , L. Hollander , O'Connor , M. C. , Fornace , P. M. , Jr , A. J., . and Harris , C. C. 1999 . GADD45 induction of a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 96 : 3706 – 3711 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , Y. 2003 . Regulation of p53 responses by post-translational modifications . Cell Death Differ. , 10 : 400 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , M. B. , Voigt , W. , Panadero , A. , Vanhoefer , U. , Frank , C. , Pajovic , S. , Azizkhan , J. and Rustum , Y. M. 1997 . p53 and WAF1 are induced and Rb protein is hypophosphorylated during cell growth inhibition by the thymidylate synthase inhibitor ZD1694 (Tomudex) . Mol. Pharmacol. , 51 : 630 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , H. R. , Islam , Z. and Pestka , J. J. 2005 . Induction of competing apoptotic and survival signaling pathways in the macrophage by the ribotoxic trichothecene deoxynivalenol . Toxicol. Sci. , 87 : 113 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar