Associations Between Measures of Socioeconomic Position and Chronic Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure in Worcester, Massachusetts

REFERENCES

• Bobak , M. 2000 . Outdoor air pollution, low birth weight, and prematurity . Environ. Health Perspect. , 108 : 539 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobak , M. and Leon , D. A. 1999 . Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: An ecological study in districts of the Czech republic 1986–1988 . Occup. Environ. Med. , 56 : 539 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobak , M. , Richards , M. and Wadsworth , M. 2001 . Air pollution and birth weight in Britain in 1946 . Epidemiology , 12 : 358 – 359 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Briggs , D. J. , de Hoogh , C. , Gulliver , J. , Wills , J. , Elliot , P. , Kingham , S. and Smallbone , K. 2000 . A regression-based method for mapping traffic-related air pollution: Application and testing in four contrasting urban environments . Sci. Total Environ. , 253 : 151 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunekreef , B. , Janssen , N. A. H. , de Hartog , J. , Harssema , H. , Knape , M. and van Vliet , P. 1997 . Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways . Epidemiology , 8 : 298 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cressie , N. 1991 . Statistics for spatial data , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Dejmek , J. , Selevan , S. G. , Benes , I. , Solansky , I. and Sram , R. J. 1999 . Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy . Environ. Health Perspect. , 107 : 475 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earickson , R. J. and Billick , I. H. 1988 . The areal association of urban air pollutants and residential characteristics: Louisville and Detroit . Appl. Geogr. , 8 : 5 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein , M. M. , Jerrett , M. and Sears , M. R. 2004 . Traffic air pollution and mortality rate advancement periods . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 160 : 173 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein , M. M. , Jerrett , M. and Sears , M. R. 2005 . Environmental inequality and circulatory disease mortality gradients . J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health , 59 : 481 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forastiere , F. , Stafoggia , M. , Tasco , C. , Picciotto , S. , Agabiti , N. , Cesaroni , G. and Perucci , C. A. 2007 . Socioeconomic status, particulate air pollution, and daily mortality: Differential exposure or differential susceptibility . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 50 : 208 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring , U. , Cyrys , J. , Sedlmeir , G. , Brunekreef , B. , Bellander , T. , Fischer , P. , Bauer , C. P. , Reinhardt , D. , Wichmann , H. E. and Heinrich , J. 2002 . Traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health during the first 2 yrs of life . Eur. Respir. J. , 19 : 690 – 698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , N. L. , Goldberg , M. S. , Beckerman , B. , Brook , J. R. and Jerrett , M. 2005 . Assessing spatial variability of ambient nitrogen dioxide in Montreal, Canada, with a land-use regression model . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 55 : 1059 – 1063 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , R. S. , Smorodinsky , S. , Kim , J. J. , Mclaughlin , R. and Ostro , B. 2004 . Proximity of California public schools to busy roads . Environ. Health Perspect. , 112 : 61 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunier , R. S. , Hertz , A. and von Behren , J. 2003 . Traffic density in California: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 13 : 240 – 246 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ha , E. H. , Hong , Y. C. , Lee , B. E. , Woo , B. H. , Schwartz , J. and Christiani , D. C. 2001 . Is air pollution a risk factor for low birth weight in Seoul? . Epidemiology , 12 : 643 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrett , M. , Arain , M. A. , Kanaroglou , P. , Beckerman , B. , Crouse , D. , Gilbert , N. L. , Brook , J. R. , Finkelstein , N. and Finkelstein , M. M. 2007 . Modeling the intraurban variability of ambient traffic pollution in Toronto, Canada . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 70 : 200 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrett , M. , Burnett , R. T. , Kanaroglou , P. , Eyles , J. , Finkelstein , N. , Giovis , C. and Brook , J. R. 2001 . A GIS–environmental justice analysis of particulate air pollution in Hamilton, Canada . Environ. Plan. A , 33 : 955 – 973 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer , U. , Koch , T. , Ranft , U. , Ring , J. and Behrendt , H. 2000 . Traffic related air pollution is associated with atopy in children living in urban areas . Epidemiology , 11 : 64 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger , N. , Chen , J. T. , Waterman , P. D. , Soobader , M. J. , Subramanian , S. V. and Carson , R. 2002 . Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: Does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter? The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 156 : 471 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesinger , F. , DiMego , G. , Kalnay , E. , Mitchell , K. , Shafran , P. C. , Ebisuzaki , W. , Jovic , D. , Woollen , J. , Rogers , E. , Berbery , E. H. , Ek , M. B. , Fan , Y. , Grumbine , R. , Higgins , W. , Li , H. , Lin , Y. , Manikin , G. , Parrish , D. and Shi , W. 2006 . North American regional reanalysis . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , 87 : 342 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Neill , M. S. , Jerrett , M. , Kawachi , I. , Levy , J. I. , Gouveia , N. , Cohen , A. J. , Wilkinson , P. , Fletcher , T. , Cifuentes , L. and Schwartz , J. 2003 . Health, wealth, and air pollution . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 1861 – 1870 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmes , E. D. , Gunnison , A. F. , DiMattio , J. and Tomczyk , C. 1976 . Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 37 : 570 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paustenbach , D. J. 2000 . The practice of exposure assessment: A state-of-the-art review . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 3 : 179 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellizari , E. D , Perritt , R. L. and Clayton , C. A. 1999 . National human exposure assessment survey (NHEXAS): Exploratory survey of exposure among population subgroups in EPA Region V . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 9 : 49 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Peters , A. , von Klot , S. , Heier , M. , Trentinaglia , I. , Hormann , A. , Wichmann , H. E. and Lowel , H. 2004 . Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction . N. Engl. J. Med. , 351 : 1721 – 1730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritz , B. and Yu , F. 1999 . The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in southern California between 1989 and 1993 . Environ. Health Perspect. , 107 : 17 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritz , B. , Yu , F. , Chapa , G. and Fruin , S. 2000 . Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in southern California between 1989 and 1993 . Epidemiology , 11 : 502 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roemer , W. H. and van Wijnen , J. H. 2001 . Daily mortality and air pollution along busy streets in Amsterdam, 1987–1998 . Epidemiology , 12 : 649 – 653 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotko , T. , Kousa , A. , Alm , S. and Jantunen , M. 2001 . Exposures to nitrogen dioxide in EXPOLIS–Helsinki: Microenvironment, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 11 : 216 – 223 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schindler , C. , Ackermann-Liebrich , U. , Leuenberger , P. , Monn , C. , Rapp , R. , Bolognini , G. , Bongard , J. P. , Brandli , O. , Domenighetti , G. , Karrer , W. , Keller , R. , Medici , T. G. , Perruchoud , A. P. , Schoni , M. H. , Tschopp , J. M. , Villiger , B. and Zellweger , J. P. 1998 . Associations between lung function and estimated average exposure to NO2 in eight areas of Switzerland . Epidemiology , 9 : 405 – 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Sexton , K. , Gong , H. , Bailar , J. C. , Ford , J. G. , Gold , D. R. , Lambert , W. E. and Utell , M. J. 1993 . Air pollution health risks: Do class and race matter? . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 9 : 843 – 878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand , V. , Svartengren , M. , Rak , S. , Barck , C. and Bylin , G. 1998 . Repeated exposure to an ambient level of NO2 enhances asthmatic response to a nonsymptomatic allergen dose . Eur. Respir. J. , 12 : 6 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studnicka , M. , Hackl , E. , Pischinger , J. , Fangmeyer , C. , Haschke , N. , Kuhr , J. , Urbanek , R. , Neumann , M. and Frischer , T. 1997 . Traffic related NO2 and the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in seven year olds . Eur. Respir. J. , 10 : 2275 – 2278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonne , C. , Melly , S. , Mittleman , M. , Coull , B. , Goldberg , R. and Schwartz , J. 2007 . A case-control analysis of exposure to traffic and acute myocardial infarction . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 : 53 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Vliet , P. , Knape , M. , de Hartog , J. , Janssen , N. A. H. , Harssema , H. and Brunekreef , B. 1997 . Motor vehicle exhaust and chronic respiratory symptoms in children living near motorways . Environ. Res. , 74 : 122 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , S. N. 2004 . Stable and efficient multiple smoothing parameter estimation for generalized additive models . J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , 99 : 673 – 686 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanosky , J. D. , Paciorek , C. J. , Schwartz , J. , Laden , F. , Puett , R. and Suh , H. H. 2008 . Spatio-temporal modeling of chronic PM10 exposure for the Nurses’ Health Study . Atmos. Environ. , 42 : 4047 – 4062 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar