454
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Traffic Air Pollution and Risk of Death from Gastric Cancer in Taiwan: Petrol Station Density as an Indicator of Air Pollutant Exposure

, , , , , & show all
Pages 1215-1224 | Received 21 Feb 2011, Accepted 10 May 2011, Published online: 28 Jul 2011

REFERENCES

  • Argones , N. , Pollan , M. and Gustavsson , P. 2002 . Stomach cancer and occupation in Sweden: 1971–1989 . Occup. Environ. Med. , 59 : 329 – 337 .
  • Balarajan , R. and McDowall , M. E. 1988 . Professional drivers in London: A mortality study . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 45 : 483 – 486 .
  • Bedeschi , E. , Campari , C. , Candela , S. , Collini , G. , Caranci , N. , Frasca , G. , Galassi , C. , Francesca , G. and Vigotti , M.A. 2007 . Urban air pollution and respiratory emergency visits at pediatric unit, Reggio Emilia, Italy . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 70 : 261 – 265 .
  • Boffetta , P. , Dosemeci , M. , Gridley , G. , Bath , H. , Moradi , T. and Silverman , D. 2001 . Occupational exposure to diesel engine emissions and risk of cancer in Swedish men and women . Cancer Causes Control , 12 : 365 – 374 .
  • Boffetta , P. 2006 . Human cancer from environmental pollutants: The epidemiologic evidence . Mutat. Res. , 608 : 157 – 162 .
  • Boffetta , P. and Nyberg , F. 2003 . Contribution of environmental factors to cancer risk . Br. Med. Bull. , 68 : 71 – 94 .
  • Breslow , N. E. and Day , N. E. 1980 . Statistical methods in cancer research: The analysis of case control studies , Lyon : International Agency for Research on Cancer .
  • Chang , C. C. , Tsai , S. S. , Chiu , H. F. , Wu , T. N. and Yang , C. Y. 2009 . Traffic air pollution and lung cancer in females in Taiwan: Petro station density as an indicator . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 72 : 651 – 657 .
  • Chen , C. J. and Wang , C. J. 1990 . Ecological correlations between arsenic level in well water and age-adjusted mortality from malignant neoplasms . Cancer Res. , 50 : 5470 – 5474 .
  • Chinese Petroleum Corporation. 2008 http://www.cpc.com.tw/big5_BD/tmtd/station/gsearch-1.asp?pno=65 (http://www.cpc.com.tw/big5_BD/tmtd/station/gsearch-1.asp?pno=65) (Accessed: 18 February 2008 ).
  • Chinn , S. , Florey , C. D. , Baldwin , I. G. and Gorgol , M. 1981 . The relation of mortality in England and Wales 1969–1973 to measurements of air pollution . J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health , 35 : 174 – 179 .
  • Chiu , H. F. , Cheng , M. H. , Tsai , S. S. , Wu , T. N. , Kuo , H. W. and Yang , C. Y. 2006 . Outdoor air pollution and female lung cancer in Taiwan . Inhal. Toxicol. , 18 : 1025 – 1031 .
  • Cohen , A. J. 2000 . Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer . Environ. Health Perspect. , 108 ( suppl. 4 ) : 743 – 750 .
  • Craig , L. , Brook , J.R. , Chiotti , Q. , Croes , B. , Gower , S. , Hedley , A. , Krewski , D. , Krupnick , A. , Krzyzanowski , M. , Moran , M. D. , Pennell , W. , Samet , J. M. , Schneider , J. , Shortreed , J. and William , M. 2008 . Air pollution and public health: A guidance document for air quality management . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 71 : 588 – 698 .
  • Curtis , L. , Rea , W. , Smith-Willis , P. , Fenyves , E. and Pan , Y. 2006 . Adverse health effects of outdoor air pollutants . Environ. Int. , 32 : 815 – 830 .
  • Dominici , F. , McDermott , A. , aniels , M. , Zeger , S. and Samet , J. M. 2005 . Revised analyses of the national morbidity, mortality, and air pollution study: mortality among residents of 90 cities . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 68 : 1071 – 1092 .
  • Dubowsky , S. , Wallace , L. and Buckley , T. 1999 . The concentration of traffic to indoor concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 9 : 312 – 321 .
  • Elliott , P. , Wakefield , J. C. , Best , N. G. and Briggs , D. J. 2000 . Spatial epidemiology , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Environmental Protection Administration . 2002 . Annual report of air pollution in Taiwan , Taipei, , Taiwan : EPA .
  • Formosa Petrochemical Corporation. 2008 http://www.fpcc.com.tw/station/station.asp (http://www.fpcc.com.tw/station/station.asp) (Accessed: 18 February 2008 ).
  • Garcia-Perez , J. , Lopez-Cima , M. F. , Perez-Gomez , B. , Aragones , N. , Pollan , M. , Vidal , E. and Lopez-Abente , G. 2010 . Mortality due to tumors of the digestive system in towns lying in the vicinity of metal production and processing installations . Sci. Total Environ. , 408 : 3102 – 3112 .
  • Gardner , M. J. , Crawford , M. D. and Morris , J. N. 1969 . Patterns of mortality in middle and early old age in the county boroughs of England and Wales . Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med. , 23 : 133 – 140 .
  • Goldsmith , J. R. 1980 . The “urban factor” in cancer: Smoking, industrial exposures, and air pollution as possible explanations . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , 3 : 205 – 217 .
  • Greenberg , M. R. 1983 . Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950 1975 , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Guberan , E. , Usel , M. , Raymond , L. , Bolay , J. , Fioretta , G. and Puissant , J. 1992 . Increased risk for lung cancer and for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract among Geneva professional drivers . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 49 : 337 – 344 .
  • Hagstrom , R.M. , Sprague , H.A. and Landau , E. 1967 . The Nashville air pollution study, VII: Mortality from cancer in relation to air pollution . Arch. Environ. Health , 15 : 237 – 248 .
  • Ho , C. K. , Peng , C. Y. and Yang , C. Y. 2010 . Traffic air pollution and bladder cancer in Taiwan: using petrol station density as a pollutant indicator . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 73 : 23 – 32 .
  • Holgate , S. T. , Koren , H. , Maynard , R. and Samet , J. 1999 . Air pollution and health , London : Academic Press .
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer . 1989 . Diesel and gasoline engine exhaust and some nitroarenes , Lyon : IARC .
  • Ji , J. and Hemminki , K. 2006 . Socio-economic and occupational risk factors for gastric cancer: A cohort study in Sweden . Eur. J. Cancer Prev. , 15 : 391 – 397 .
  • Katsouyanni , K. and Pershagen , G. 1997 . Ambient air pollution exposure and cancer . Cancer Causes Control , 8 : 284 – 291 .
  • Krewski , D. and Rainham , D. 2007 . Ambient air pollution and population health: Overview . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 70 : 275 – 283 .
  • Lagorio , S. , Forastiere , F. , Rapiti , E. , Vanacore , N. , Perucci , C. A. and Carere , A. 1994 . Mortality of filling station attendants . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 20 : 331 – 338 .
  • Lave , L. B. and Seskin , E. P. 1970 . Air pollution and human health . Science , 21 : 723 – 733 .
  • Lee , H. H. , Wu , H. Y. , Chuang , Y. C. , Hang , A. S. , Chao , H. H. and Chen , K. Y. 1990 . Epidemiologic characteristics and multiple risk factors of stomach cancer in Taiwan . Anticancer Res. , 10 : 875 – 881 .
  • Leung , P. L. and Harrison , R. M. 1999 . Roadside and in-vehicle concentrations of monoaromatic hydrocarbons . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 191 – 204 .
  • Liu , C. C. , Tsai , S. S. , Chiu , H. F. , Wu , T. N. and Yang , C. Y. 2008 . Ambient exposure to criteria air pollutants and female lung cancer in Taiwan . Inhal. Toxicol. , 20 : 311 – 317 .
  • Lynge , E. , Andersen , A. , Nilsson , R. , Barlow , L. , Pukkala , E. , Nordlinder , R. , Boffetta , P. , Grandjean , P. , Heikkila , P. , Hore , L. , Jakobsson , R. , Lundberg , I. , Moen , B. , Partanen , T. and Riise , T. 1997 . Risk of cancer and exposure to gasoline vapors . Am. J.Epidemiol. , 145 : 449 – 458 .
  • Maizlish , N. , Beaumont , J. and Singleton , J. 1988 . Mortality among California highway workers . Am. J. Ind. Med. , 13 : 363 – 379 .
  • Mantel , N. 1963 . Chi square tests with one degree of freedom; Extensions of the Mantel–Hanszel procedure . J. Am. Stat. Assoc. , 58 : 690 – 700 .
  • Miller , J. , Stokes , C. S. and Clifford , W. B. 1987 . A comparison of the rural–urban mortality differential for deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer . J. Rural Health , 3 : 23 – 34 .
  • Muir , C. , Waterhouse , J. and Mack , T. 1987 . Cancer incidence in five continents , Lyon : IARC .
  • Muzykl , W. , Veimer , S. and Schmidt , N. 1998 . Particle-bound benzene from diesel engine exhaust . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 24 : 481 – 485 .
  • Parent , M. E. , Siemiatycki , J. and Fritschi , L. 1998 . Occupational exposures and gastric cancer . Epidemiology , 9 : 48 – 55 .
  • Pope , C. A. 3rd , Burnett , R. T. , Thun , M. J. , Calle , E. E. , Krewski , D. , Ito , K. and Thurston , G. D. 2002 . Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution . J. Am. Med. Assoc. , 287 : 1132 – 1141 .
  • Raaschou-Nielsen , O. , Hertel , O. , Vignati , E. , Berkowicz , R. , Jensen , S. S. , Larsen , V. B. , Lohse , C. and Olsen , J. H. 2000 . An air pollution model for use in epidemiological studies: Evaluation with measured levels of nitrogen dioxide and benzene . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 10 : 4 – 14 .
  • Raaschou-Nielsen , O. , Hertel , O. , Thomsen , B. L. and Olsen , J. H. 2001 . Air pollution from traffic at the residence of children with cancer . Am. J. Epidemiol. , 153 : 433 – 443 .
  • Raaschou-Nielsen , O. and Reynolds , P. 2006 . Air pollution and childhood cancer: A review of epidemiological literature . Int. J. Cancer , 118 : 2920 – 2929 .
  • Reynolds , P. , Behren , J. V. , Gunier , R. B. , Goldberg , D. E. , Hertz , A. and Smith , D. F. 2003 . Childhood cancer incidence rates and hazardous air pollutants in California: An exploratory analysis . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 663 – 668 .
  • Reynolds , P. , Von Behern , J. , Gunier , R. B. , Goldberg , D. E. and Hertz , A. 2004 . Residential exposure to traffic in California and childhood cancer . Epidemiology , 15 : 6 – 12 .
  • Samet , J. and Krewski , D. 2007 . Health effects associated with exposure to ambient air pollution . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 70 : 227 – 242 .
  • Schottenfeld , D. and Fraumeni , J. F. 1996 . Cancer epidemiology and prevention , 2nd , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Sjodahl , K. , Jansson , C. , Bergdahl , I. A. , Adami , J. , Boffetta , P. and Lagergren , J. 2007 . Airborne exposures and risk of gastric cancer: A prospective cohort study . Int. J. Cancer , 120 : 2013 – 2018 .
  • Suess , M. J. , Grefen , K. and Reinisch , D. W. 1985 . Ambient air pollutants from industrial sources: A reference handbook , New York : Elsevier .
  • Taiwan Water Supply Corporation . 1997 . The statistical data of water quality Taiwan , Taichung : TWSC .
  • Tomatis , L. 1990 . Air pollution and human cancer , Berlin : Springer Verlag .
  • Tzeng , G. H. and Wu , T. Y. 1986 . Characteristics of urbanization levels in Taiwan districts . Geogr. Res. , 12 : 287 – 323 .
  • Van Wijnen , J. H. and Van der Zee , S. C. 1998 . Traffic-related air pollutants: Exposure of road users and populations living near busy roads . Rev. Environ. Health , 13 : 1 – 25 .
  • Vineis , P. , Forastiere , F. , Hoek , G. and Lipsett , M. 2004 . Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: Recent epidemiologic evidence . Int. J. Cancer , 111 : 647 – 652 .
  • Weng , H. H. , Tsai , S. S. , Chen , C. C. , Chiu , H. F. , Wu , T. N. and Yang , C. Y. 2008 . Childhood leukemia development and correlation with traffic air pollution in Taiwan using nitrogen dioxide as an air pollutant marker . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 71 : 434 – 438 .
  • Weng , H. H. , Tsai , S. S. , Chiu , H. F. , Wu , T. N. and Yang , C. Y. 2009 . Childhood leukemia and traffic air pollution in Taiwan: Petrol station density as an indicator . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 72 : 83 – 87 .
  • Winkelstein , W. and Kantor , S. 1969 . Stomach cancer: Positive association with suspended particulate air pollution . Arch. Environ. Health , 18 : 544 – 547 .
  • Wu , C. Y. , Kuo , K. N. , Wu , M. S. , Chen , Y. J. , Wang , C. B. and Lin , J. T. 2009 . Early Helicobacter pylori eradication decreased risk of gastric cancer in patients with peptic ulcer disease . Gastroenterology , 137 : 1641 – 1648 .
  • Yang , C. Y. and Hsieh , Y. L. 1998 . The relationship between population density and cancer mortality in Taiwan . Jpn. J. Cancer Res. , 89 : 355 – 360 .
  • Yang , C. Y. , Cheng , M. F. , Chiu , J. F. and Tsai , S. S. 1999 . Female lung cancer risk and petrochemical air pollution in Taiwan . Arch. Environ. Health , 54 : 180 – 185 .
  • Yang , C. Y. 2004 . Drinking water chlorination and adverse birth outcomes in Taiwan . Toxicology , 198 : 249 – 254 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.