360
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Popcorn Flavoring Effects on Reactivity of Rat Airways in Vivo and in Vitro

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 669-689 | Received 03 Jan 2013, Accepted 12 Apr 2013, Published online: 13 Aug 2013

REFERENCES

  • Aarhus , L. L. , Rimele , T. J. and Vanhoutte , P. M. 1984 . Removal of epithelium causes bronchial supersensitivity to acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine . Fed. Proc , 43 : 995
  • Borders , C. L. Jr. and Riordan , J. F. 1975 . An essential arginyl residue at the nucleotide binding site of creatine kinase . Biochemistry , 14 : 4699 – 4704 .
  • Borders , C. L. Jr. , Saunders , J. E. , Blech , D. M. and Fridovich , I. 1985 . Essentiality of the active-site arginine residue for the normal catalytic activity of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase . Biochem. J , 230 : 771 – 776 .
  • Boylstein , R. , Piacitelli , C. , Grote , A. , Kanwal , R. , Kullman , G. and Kreiss , K. 2006 . Diacetyl emissions and airborne dust from butter flavorings used in microwave popcorn production . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 3 : 530 – 535 .
  • Cavalcanti Zdo , R. , Albuquerque Filho , A. P. , Pereira , C. A. and Coletta , E. N. 2012 . Bronchiolitis associated with exposure to artificial butter flavoring in workers at a cookie factory in Brazil . J. Bras. Pneumol , 38 : 395 – 399 .
  • Day , G. , LeBouf , R. , Grote , A. , Pendergrass , S. , Cummings , K. , Kreiss , K. and Kullman , G. 2011 . Identification and measurement of diacetyl substitutes in dry bakery mix production . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 8 : 93 – 103 .
  • Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . 2004 . NIOSH health hazard evaluation report. HETA number 2-3-0112-2949 , Marion , OH : ConAgra Snack Foods .
  • Egilman , D. S. and Schilling , J. H. 2012 . Bronchiolitis obliterans and consumer exposure to butter-flavored microwave popcorn: A case series . Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health , 18 : 29 – 42 .
  • Epperly , B. R. and Dekker , E. E. 1989 . Inactivation of Escherichia coli L-threonine dehydrogenase by 2,3-butanedione. Evidence for a catalytically essential arginine residue . J. Biol. Chem , 264 : 18296 – 18301 .
  • Ernstgard , L. , Iregren , A. , Sjogren , B. and Johanson , G. 2006 . Acute effects of exposure to vapours of acetic acid in humans . Toxicol. Lett , 165 : 22 – 30 .
  • Farmer , S. G. , Fedan , J. S. , Hay , D. W. and Raeburn , D. 1986 . The effects of epithelium removal on the sensitivity of guinea-pig isolated trachealis to bronchodilator drugs . Br. J. Pharmacol , 89 : 407 – 414 .
  • Farmer , S. G. , Hay , D. W. , Raeburn , D. and Fedan , J. S. 1987 . Relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle to arachidonate is converted to contraction following epithelium removal . Br. J. Pharmacol , 92 : 231 – 236 .
  • Fedan , J. S. , Dowdy , J. A. , Fedan , K. B. and Hubbs , A. F. 2006 . Popcorn worker's lung: In vitro exposure to diacetyl, an ingredient in microwave popcorn butter flavoring, increases reactivity to methacholine . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 215 : 17 – 22 .
  • Fedan , J. S. and Frazer , D. G. 1992 . Influence of epithelium on the reactivity of guinea pig isolated, perfused trachea to bronchoactive drugs . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , 262 : 741 – 750 .
  • Fedan , J. S. , Millecchia , L. L. , Johnston , R. A. , Rengasamy , A. , Hubbs , A. , Dey , R. D. , Yuan , L. X. , Watson , D. , Goldsmith , W. T. , Reynolds , J. S. , Orsini , L. , Dortch-Carnes , J. , Cutler , D. and Frazer , D. G. 2000 . Effect of ozone treatment on airway reactivity and epithelium-derived relaxing factor in guinea pigs . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , 293 : 724 – 734 .
  • Gardiner , D. W. , Goldsmith , W. , Morris , J. B. , Battelli , L. A. , Friend , S. , Castranova , V. and Hubbs , A. 2009 . Adhesion molecule expression in diacetyl exposed rat lungs . Toxicol. Sci , 108(S-1) : 432 – 433 .
  • Goldsmith , W. T. , McKinney , W. , Jackson , M. , Law , B. , Bledsoe , T. , Siegel , P. , Cumpston , J. and Frazer , D. 2011 . A computer-controlled whole-body inhalation exposure system for the oil dispersant COREXIT EC9500A . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 74 : 1368 – 1380 .
  • Harber , P. , Saechao , K. and Boomus , C. 2006 . Diacetyl-induced lung disease . Toxicol. Rev , 25 : 261 – 272 .
  • Hay , D. W. , Farmer , S. G. , Raeburn , D. , Robinson , V. A. , Fleming , W. W. and Fedan , J. S. 1986 . Airway epithelium modulates the reactivity of guinea-pig respiratory smooth muscle . Eur. J. Pharmacol , 129 : 11 – 18 .
  • Hubbs , A. F. , Battelli , L. A. , Goldsmith , W. T. , Porter , D. W. , Frazer , D. , Friend , S. , Schwegler-Berry , D. , Mercer , R. R. , Reynolds , J. S. , Grote , A. , Castranova , V. , Kullman , G. , Fedan , J. S. , Dowdy , J. and Jones , W. G. 2002 . Necrosis of nasal and airway epithelium in rats inhaling vapors of artificial butter flavoring . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 185 : 128 – 135 .
  • Hubbs , A. F. , Cumpston , A. M. , Goldsmith , W. T. , Battelli , L. A. , Kashon , M. L. , Jackson , M. C. , Frazer , D. G. , Fedan , J. S. , Goravanahally , M. P. , Castranova , V. , Kreiss , K. , Willard , P. A. , Friend , S. , Schwegler-Berry , D. , Fluharty , K. L. and Sriram , K. 2012 . Respiratory and olfactory cytotoxicity of inhaled 2,3-pentanedione in Sprague-Dawley rats . Am. J. Pathol , 181 : 829 – 844 .
  • Hubbs , A. F. , Goldsmith , W. T. , Kashon , M. L. , Frazer , D. , Mercer , R. R. , Battelli , L. A. , Kullman , G. J. , Schwegler-Berry , D. , Friend , S. and Castranova , V. 2008 . Respiratory toxicologic pathology of inhaled diacetyl in Sprague-Dawley rats . Toxicol. Pathol , 36 : 330 – 344 .
  • Hubbs , A. F. , Moseley , A. E. , Goldsmith , W. T. , Jackson , M. C. , Kashon , M. L. , Battelli , L. A. , Schwegler-Berry , D. , Goravanajally , M. P. , Frazer , D. , Fedan , J. S. , Kreiss , K. and Castranova , V. 2010 . Airway epithelial toxicity of the flavoring agent, 2,3-pentanedione . Toxicol. Sci , 114 ( suppl ) : 319
  • Institute for Laboratory Animal Research . 2011 . Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals , 8th , Washington, DC : National Academies Press .
  • King , T. E. Jr. 1989 . Bronchiolitis obliterans . Lung , 167 : 69 – 93 .
  • Kovacic , P. and Cooksy , A. L. 2010 . Electron transfer as a potential cause of diacetyl toxicity in popcorn lung disease . Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , 204 : 133 – 148 .
  • Kreiss , K. , Gomaa , A. , Kullman , G. , Fedan , K. , Simoes , E. J. and Enright , P. L. 2002 . Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant . N. Engl. J. Med , 347 : 330 – 338 .
  • Larsen , S. T. , Alarie , Y. , Hammer , M. and Nielsen , G. D. 2009 . Acute airway effects of diacetyl in mice . Inhal. Toxicol , 21 : 1123 – 1128 .
  • Lockey , J. E. , Hilbert , T. J. , Levin , L. P. , Ryan , P. H. , White , K. L. , Borton , E. K. , Rice , C. H. , McKay , R. T. and LeMasters , G. K. 2009 . Airway obstruction related to diacetyl exposure at microwave popcorn production facilities . Eur. Respir. J , 34 : 63 – 71 .
  • Martyny , J. W. , Van Dyke , M. V. , Arbuckle , S. , Towle , M. and Rose , C. S. 2008 . Diacetyl exposures in the flavor manufacturing industry . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 5 : 679 – 688 .
  • Mathews , J. M. , Watson , S. L. , Snyder , R. W. , Burgess , J. P. and Morgan , D. L. 2010 . Reaction of the butter flavorant diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) with N-alpha-acetylarginine: A model for epitope formation with pulmonary proteins in the etiology of obliterative bronchiolitis . J. Agric. Food Chem , 58 : 12761 – 12768 .
  • Matsunaga , T. , Kamiya , T. , Sumi , D. , Kumagai , Y. , Kalyanaraman , B. and Hara , A. 2008 . L-Xylulose reductase is involved in 9,10-phenanthrenequinone-induced apoptosis in human T lymphoma cells . Free Radical Biol. Med , 44 : 1191 – 1202 .
  • McKinney , W. and Frazer , D. 2008 . Computer-controlled ozone inhalation exposure system . Inhal. Toxicol , 20 : 43 – 48 .
  • More , S. S. , Vartak , A. P. and Vince , R. 2012a . The butter flavorant, diacetyl, exacerbates beta-amyloid cytotoxicity . Chem. Res. Toxicol , 25 : 2083 – 2091 .
  • More , S. S. , Raza , A. and Vince , R. 2012b . The butter flavorant, diacetyl, forms a covalent adduct with 2-deoxyguanosine, uncoils DNA, and leads to cell death . J. Agric. Food Chem , 60 : 3311 – 3317 .
  • Morgan , D. L. , Flake , G. P. , Kirby , P. J. and Palmer , S. M. 2008 . Respiratory toxicity of diacetyl in C57BL/6 mice . Toxicol. Sci , 103 : 169 – 180 .
  • Morgan , D. L. , Jokinen , M. P. , Johnson , C. L. , Gwinn , W. M. , Price , H. C. and Flake , G. P. 2012a . Bronchial fibrosis in rats exposed to 2,3-butanedione and 2 3-pentanedione vapors . Toxicol. Sci , 126 : 186
  • Morgan , D. L. , Jokinen , M. P. , Price , H. C. , Gwinn , W. M. , Palmer , S. M. and Flake , G. P. 2012b . Bronchial and bronchiolar fibrosis in rats exposed to 2,3-pentanedione vapors: Implications for bronchiolitis obliterans in humans . Toxicol. Pathol , 40 : 448 – 465 .
  • Morris , J. B. 2012 . Biologically-based modeling insights in inhaled vapor absorption and dosimetry . Pharmacol. Ther , 136 : 401 – 413 .
  • Morris , J. B. and Hubbs , A. F. 2009 . Inhalation dosimetry of diacetyl and butyric acid, two components of butter flavoring vapors . Toxicol. Sci , 108 : 173 – 183 .
  • Mueller , M. J. , Samuelsson , B. and Haeggstrom , J. Z. 1995 . Chemical modification of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Indications for essential tyrosyl and arginyl residues at the active site . Biochemistry , 34 : 3536 – 3543 .
  • Palmer , S. M. , Flake , G. P. , Kelly , F. L. , Zhang , H. L. , Nugent , J. L. , Kirby , P. J. , Foley , J. F. , Gwinn , W. M. and Morgan , D. L. 2011 . Severe airway epithelial injury, aberrant repair and bronchiolitis obliterans develops after diacetyl instillation in rats . PLoS One , 6 : e17644
  • Poole , J. A. , Wyatt , T. A. , Oldenburg , P. J. , Elliott , M. K. , West , W. W. , Sisson , J. H. , Von Essen , S. G. and Romberger , D. J. 2009 . Intranasal organic dust exposure-induced airway adaptation response marked by persistent lung inflammation and pathology in mice . Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol , 296 : L1085 – L1095 .
  • Sahakian , N. , Kullman , G. , Lynch , D. and Kreiss , K. 2008 . Asthma arising in flavoring-exposed food production workers . Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health , 21 : 173 – 177 .
  • Savov , J. D. , Whitehead , G. S. , Wang , J. , Liao , G. , Usuka , J. , Peltz , G. , Foster , W. M. and Schwartz , D. A. 2004 . Ozone-induced acute pulmonary injury in inbred mouse strains . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , 31 : 69 – 77 .
  • Schachter , E. N. 2002 . Popcorn worker's lung . N. Engl. J. Med , 347 : 360 – 361 .
  • Shimizu , T. , Mochizuki , H. and Morikawa , A. 1997 . Effect of influenza A virus infection on acid-induced cough response in children with asthma . Eur. Respir. J , 10 : 71 – 74 .
  • Smith , J. A. , Frazer , D. G. and Fedan , J. S. 1993 . Alteration in the modulatory role of respiratory epithelium after exposure of guinea pigs to respirable cotton dust . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , 264 : 683 – 688 .
  • Spina , D. 1998 . Epithelium smooth muscle regulation and interactions . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 158 : S141 – S145 .
  • Stanek , J. , Symanowicz , P. T. , Olsen , J. E. , Gianutsos , G. and Morris , J. B. 2001 . Sensory-nerve-mediated nasal vasodilatory response to inspired acetaldehyde and acetic acid vapors . Inhal. Toxicol , 13 : 807 – 822 .
  • van Rooy , F. G. , Rooyackers , J. M. , Prokop , M. , Houba , R. , Smit , L. A. and Heederik , D. J. 2007 . Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in chemical workers producing diacetyl for food flavorings . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 176 : 498 – 504 .
  • van Rooy , F. G. , Smit , L. A. , Houba , R. , Zaat , V. A. , Rooyackers , J. M. and Heederik , D. J. 2009 . A cross-sectional study of lung function and respiratory symptoms among chemical workers producing diacetyl for food flavourings . Occup. Environ. Med , 66 : 105 – 110 .
  • Yao , X. , Fredriksson , K. , Yu , Z. X. , Xu , X. , Raghavachari , N. , Keeran , K. J. , Zywicke , G. J. , Kwak , M. , Amar , M. J. , Remaley , A. T. and Levine , S. J. 2010 . Apolipoprotein E negatively regulates house dust mite-induced asthma via a low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated pathway . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 182 : 1228 – 1238 .
  • Zlotolow , R. , Brautbar , N. and Wu , M. P. 2007 . “ Occupational bronchiolitis obliterans in food flavoring ” . In Presented during the 25th Anniversary of the Collegium Ramazzini Carpi , , Italy October 25–28

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.