The Effect of Composition, Size, and Solubility on Acute Pulmonary Injury in Rats Following Exposure to Mexico City Ambient Particulate Matter Samples

REFERENCES

• Alfaro-Moreno, E., L. Martinez, C. Garcia-Cuellar, J. C. Bonner, J. C. Murray, I. Rosas, S. P. Rosales, and A. R. Osornio-Vargas. 2002. Biologic effects induced in vitro by PM10 from three different zones of Mexico City. Environ. Health Perspect. 110: 715–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaro-Moreno, E., S. Ponce-de-Leon, A. R. Osornio-Vargas, C. Garcia-Cuellar, L. Martinez, and I. Rosas. 2007. Potential toxic effects associated to metals and endotoxin present in PM10: An ancillary study using multivariate analysis. Inhal. Toxicol. 19(suppl. 1): 49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaro-Moreno, E., V. Torres, J. Miranda, L. Martínez, C. García-Cuellar, T. S. Nawrot, B. Vanaudenaerde, P. H. Hoet, P. Ramírez-López, I. Rosas, B. Nemery, and A. R. Osornio-Vargas. 2009. Induction of IL-6 and inhibition of IL-8 secretion in the human airway cell line Calu-3 by urban particulate matter collected with a modified method of PM sampling. Environ. Res. 109: 528–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagate, K., J. J. Meiring, M. E. Gerlofs-Nijland, R. Vincent, F. R. Cassee, and P. J. Borm. 2004. Vascular effects of ambient particulate matter instillation in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 197: 29–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barraza-Villarreal, A., J. Sunyer, L. Hernandez-Cadena, M. C. Escamilla-Nunez, J. J. Sienra-Monge, M. Ramirez-Aguilar, M. Cortez-Lugo, F. Holguin, D. Diaz-Sanchez, A. C. Olin, and I. Romieu. 2008. Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City schoolchildren. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 832–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckerman, B. S., M. Jerrett, M. Finkelstein, P. Kanaroglou, J. R. Brook, M. A. Arain, M. R. Sears, D. Stieb, J. Balmes, and K. Chapman. 2012. The association between chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution and ischemic heart disease. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 75: 402–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, M. L., K. Ebisu, R. D. Peng, J. M. Samet, and F. Dominici. 2009. Hospital admissions and chemical composition of fine particle air pollution. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 179: 1115–1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla, D. K. 1999. Ozone-induced lung inflammation and mucosal barrier disruption: Toxicology, mechanisms, and implications. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 2: 31–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonner, J. C., A. B. Rice, P. M. Lindroos, P. O. O’Brien, K. L. Dreher, I. Rosas, E. Alfaro-Moreno, and A. R. Osornio-Vargas. 1998. Induction of the lung myofibroblast PDGF receptor system by urban ambient particles from Mexico City. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 19: 672–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook, R. D. 2008. Cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 115: 175–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderon-Garciduenas, L., A. Mora-Tiscareno, C. J. Chung, G. Valencia, L. A. Fordham, R. Garcia, N. Osnaya, L. Romero, H. Acuna, A. Villarreal-Calderon, R. B. Devlin, and H. S. Koren. 2000. Exposure to air pollution is associated with lung hyperinflation in healthy children and adolescents in Southwest Mexico City: A pilot study. Inhal. Toxicol. 12: 537–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderon-Garciduenas, L., R. Villarreal-Calderon, G. Valencia-Salazar, C. Henriquez-Roldan, P. Gutierrez-Castrellon, R. Torres-Jardon, N. Osnaya-Brizuela, L. Romero, R. Torres-Jardon, A. Solt, and W. Reed. 2008. Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and activation in clinically healthy children exposed to air pollutants. Inhal. Toxicol. 20: 499–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campen, M. J., J. P. Nolan, M. C. Schladweiler, U. P. Kodavanti, D. L. Costa, and W. P. Watkinson. 2002. Cardiac and thermoregulatory effects of instilled particulate matter-associated transition metals in healthy and cardiopulmonary-compromised rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 65: 1615–1631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbajal-Arroyo, L., V. Miranda-Soberanis, M. Medina-Ramon, L. Rojas-Bracho, G. Tzintzun, P. Solis-Gutierrez, I. Mendez-Ramirez, M. Hurtado-Diaz, J. Schwartz, and I. Romieu. 2011. Effect of PM(10) and O(3) on infant mortality among residents in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area: A case-crossover analysis, 1997–2005. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 65: 715–721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, A., and B. Frei. 1999. Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB J. 13: 1007–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cascio, W. E., E. Cozzi, S. Hazarika, R. B. Devlin, R. A. Henriksen, R. M. Lust, M. R. Van Scott, and C. J. Wingard. 2007. Cardiac and vascular changes in mice after exposure to ultrafine particulate matter. Inhal. Toxicol. 19(suppl. 1): 67–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C., C. Kuo, S. Liou, and C. Yang. 2013. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for myocardial infarction in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 76: 440–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee, I. B., A. K. Majumder, B. K. Nandi, and N. Subramanian. 1975. Synthesis and some major functions of vitamin C in animals. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 258: 24–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, B., and H. Kan. 2008. Air pollution and population health: A global challenge. Environ. Health Prev. Med. 13: 94–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho, S. H., H. Tong, J. K. McGee, R. W. Baldauf, Q. T. Krantz, and M. I. Gilmour. 2009. Comparative toxicity of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter collected at different distances from an urban highway. Environ. Health Perspect. 117: 1682–1689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vizcaya-Ruiz, A., M. E. Gutiérrez-Castillo, M. Uribe-Ramirez, M. E. Cebrián, V. Mugica-Alvarez, J. Sepúlveda, I. Rosas, E. Salinas, C. Garcia-Cuéllar, F. Martínez, E. Alfaro-Moreno, V. Torres-Flores, A. Osornio-Vargas, C. Sioutas, P. M. Fine, M. Singh, M. D. Geller, T. Kuhn, A. H. Miguel, A. Eiguren-Fernandez, R. H. Schiestl, R. Reliene, and J. Froines. 2006. Characterization and in vitro biological effects of concentrated particulate matter from Mexico City. Atmos. Environ. 40(suppl. 2): 583–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denkhaus, E., and K. Salnikow. 2002. Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 42: 35–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobrovolsky, A. B., and E. V. Titaeva. 2002. The fibrinolysis system: Regulation of activity and physiologic functions of its main components. Biochemistry (Moscow) 67: 99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominici, F., R. D. Peng, K. Ebisu, S. L. Zeger, J. M. Samet, and M. L. Bell. 2007. Does the effect of PM10 on mortality depend on PM nickel and vanadium content? A reanalysis of the NMMAPS data. Environ. Health Perspect. 115: 1701–1703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreher, K. L., R. H. Jaskot, J. R. Lehmann, J. H. Richards, J. K. McGee, A. J. Ghio, and D. L. Costa. 1997. Soluble transition metals mediate residual oil fly ash induced acute lung injury. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 50: 285–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye, J. A., J. R. Lehmann, J. K. McGee, D. W. Winsett, A. D. Ledbetter, J. I. Everitt, A. J. Ghio, and D. L. Costa. 2001. Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats: Coherence with epidemiologic studies in Utah Valley residents. Environ. Health Perspect. 109(suppl. 3): 395–403.
   Google Scholar
• Frampton, M. W., A. J. Ghio, J. M. Samet, J. L. Carson, J. D. Carter, and R. B. Devlin. 1999. Effects of aqueous extracts of PM(10) filters from the Utah valley on human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 277: L960–L967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio, A. J. 2004. Biological effects of Utah Valley ambient air particles in humans: A review. J. Aerosol Med. 17: 157–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghio, A. J., M. S. Carraway, and M. C. Madden. 2011. Composition of air pollution particles and oxidative stress in cells, tissues, and living systems. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 15: 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio, A. J., and Y. C. Huang. 2004. Exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs): A review. Inhal. Toxicol. 16: 53–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold, D. R., A. I. Damokosh, C. A. Pope, 3rd, D. W. Dockery, W. F. McDonnell, P. Serrano, A. Retama, and M. Castillejos. 1999. Particulate and ozone pollutant effects on the respiratory function of children in southwest Mexico City. Epidemiology 10: 8–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich, J., M. Pitz, W. Bischof, N. Krug, and P. J. A. Borm. 2003. Endotoxin in fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particle mass of ambient aerosols. A temporo-spatial analysis. Atmos. Environ. 37: 3659–3667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadiiska, M. B., G. E. Hatch, A. Nyska, D. P. Jones, K. Hensley, R. Stocker, M. M. George, D. H. Van Thiel, K. Stadler, J. C. Barrett, and R. P. Mason. 2011. Biomarkers of oxidative stress study IV: Ozone exposure of rats and its effect on antioxidants in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Free Radical Biol. Med. 51: 1636–1642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, F. J., C. Dunster, and I. Mudway. 2003. Air pollution and the elderly: Oxidant/antioxidant issues worth consideration. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 40: 70s–75s.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly, F. J., and J. C. Fussell. 2012. Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmos. Environ. 60: 504–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti, U. P., R. Hauser, D. C. Christiani, Z. H. Meng, J. McGee, A. Ledbetter, J. Richards, and D. L. Costa. 1998. Pulmonary responses to oil fly ash particles in the rat differ by virtue of their specific soluble metals. Toxicol. Sci. 43: 204–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti, U. P., M. C. Schladweiler, P. S. Gilmour, J. G. Wallenborn, B. S. Mandavilli, A. D. Ledbetter, D. C. Christiani, M. S. Runge, E. D. Karoly, D. L. Costa, S. Peddada, R. Jaskot, J. H. Richards, R. Thomas, N. R. Madamanchi, and A. Nyska. 2008. The role of particulate matter-associated zinc in cardiac injury in rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti, U. P., R. F. Thomas, A. D. Ledbetter, M. C. Schladweiler, V. Bass, Q. T. Krantz, C. King, A. Nyska, J. E. Richards, D. Andrews, and M. I. Gilmour. 2013. Diesel exhaust induced pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment: The role of hypertension intervention. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 268: 232–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti, U. P., R. Thomas, A. D. Ledbetter, M. C. Schladweiler, J. H. Shannahan, J. G. Wallenborn, A. K. Lund, M. J. Campen, E. O. Butler, R. R. Gottipolu, A. Nyska, J. E. Richards, D. Andrews, R. H. Jaskot, J. McKee, S. R. Kotha, R. B. Patel, and N. L. Parinandi. 2011. Vascular and cardiac impairments in rats inhaling ozone and diesel exhaust particles. Environ. Health Perspect. 119: 312–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutnink, M. A., J. H. Skala, H. E. Sauberlich, and S. T. Omaye. 1985. Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid (erythorbic acid) and uric acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. Liquid Chromatogr. 8: 31–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumbach, R. J., and H. M. Kipen. 2012. Respiratory health effects of air pollution: Update on biomass smoke and traffic pollution. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 129: 3–11; quiz 12–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippmann, M., K. Ito, J. S. Hwang, P. Maciejczyk, and L. C. Chen. 2006. Cardiovascular effects of nickel in ambient air. Environ. Health Perspect. 114: 1662–1669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzano-Leon, N., R. Quintana, B. Sanchez, J. Serrano, E. Vega, I. Vazquez-Lopez, L. Rojas-Bracho, T. Lopez-Villegas, M. S. O’Neill, F. Vadillo-Ortega, A. De Vizcaya-Ruiz, I. Rosas, and A. R. Osornio-Vargas. 2013. Variation in the composition and in vitro proinflammatory effect of urban particulate matter from different sites. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 27: 87–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, J. D., M. J. Campen, K. S. Harrod, J. Seagrave, S. K. Seilkop, and J. L. Mauderly. 2011. Engine-operating load influences diesel exhaust composition and cardiopulmonary and immune responses. Environ. Health Perspect. 119: 1136–1141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, N. L., K. Donaldson, P. W. Hadoke, N. A. Boon, W. MacNee, F. R. Cassee, T. Sandstrom, A. Blomberg, and D. E. Newby. 2009. Adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 6: 36–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mueller-Anneling, L., E. Avol, J. M. Peters, and P. S. Thorne. 2004. Ambient endotoxin concentrations in PM10 from Southern California. Environ. Health Perspect. 112: 583–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osornio-Vargas, A. R., J. C. Bonner, E. Alfaro-Moreno, L. Martinez, C. Garcia-Cuellar, S. Ponce-de-Leon Rosales, J. Miranda, and I. Rosas. 2003. Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Mexico City air pollution particulate matter in vitro are dependent on particle size and composition. Environ. Health Perspect. 111: 1289–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, M. M., L. Hoepner, R. Garfinkel, S. Chillrud, A. Reyes, J. W. Quinn, F. Perera, and R. L. Miller. 2009. Ambient metals, elemental carbon, and wheeze and cough in New York City children through 24 months of age. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 180: 1107–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosas Perez, I., J. Serrano, E. Alfaro-Moreno, D. Baumgardner, C. Garcia-Cuellar, J. M. Martin Del Campo, G. B. Raga, M. Castillejos, R. D. Colin, and A. R. Osornio Vargas. 2007. Relations between PM10 composition and cell toxicity: A multivariate and graphical approach. Chemosphere 67: 1218–1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samet, J. M., and D. Krewski. 2007. Health effects associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 70: 227–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, H., V. Harder, A. Ibald-Mulli, A. Khandoga, W. Koenig, F. Krombach, R. Radykewicz, A. Stampfl, B. Thorand, and A. Peters. 2005. Cardiovascular effects of fine and ultrafine particles. J. Aerosol Med. 18: 1–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannahan, J. H., U. P. Kodavanti, and J. M. Brown. 2012. Manufactured and airborne nanoparticle cardiopulmonary interactions: A review of mechanisms and the possible contribution of mast cells. Inhal. Toxicol. 24: 320–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, P., M. Madden, and M. I. Gilmour. 2005. Effects of diesel exhaust particles and carbon black on induction of dust mite allergy in brown Norway rats. J Immunotoxicol 2: 41–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soukup, J. M., A. J. Ghio, and S. Becker. 2000. Soluble components of Utah Valley particulate pollution alter alveolar macrophage function in vivo and in vitro. Inhal. Toxicol. 12: 401–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valavanidis, A., K. Fiotakis, and T. Vlachogianni. 2008. Airborne particulate matter and human health: Toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms. J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinogen. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 26: 339–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallejo, M., S. Ruiz, A. G. Hermosillo, V. H. Borja-Aburto, and M. Cardenas. 2006. Ambient fine particles modify heart rate variability in young healthy adults. J. Expos. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 16: 125–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Poll, T. 2008. Tissue factor as an initiator of coagulation and inflammation in the lung. Crit. Care 12(suppl. 6): S3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega, E., E. Reyes, H. Ruiz, J. Garcia, G. Sanchez, G. Martinez-Villa, U. Gonzalez, J. C. Chow, and J. G. Watson. 2004. Analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 in the atmosphere of Mexico City during 2000–2002. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 54: 786–798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villarreal-Calderon, R., W. Reed, J. Palacios-Moreno, S. Keefe, L. Herritt, D. Brooks, R. Torres-Jardon, and L. Calderon-Garciduenas. 2012. Urban air pollution produces up-regulation of myocardial inflammatory genes and dark chocolate provides cardioprotection. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 64: 297–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallenborn, J. G., J. K. McGee, M. C. Schladweiler, A. D. Ledbetter, and U. P. Kodavanti. 2007. Systemic translocation of particulate matter-associated metals following a single intratracheal instillation in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 98: 231–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, H. L., R. J. Moots, R. C. Bucknall, and S. W. Edwards. 2010. Neutrophil function in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49: 1618–1631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, C. 2008. Air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 71: 1085–1090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar