References
- Abraham, P., Ramamoorthy, H., and Isaac, B. 2013. Depletion of the cellular antioxidant system contributes to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced mitochondrial damage and increased oxido-nitrosative stress in the kidney. J. Biomed. Sci. 20: 61.
- Agostinho, F. R., Jornada, L. K., Schröder, N., Roesler, R., Dal-Pizzol, F., and Quevedo, J. 2007. Effects of chronic haloperidol and/or clozapine on oxidative stress parameters in rat brain. Neurochem. Res. 32: 1343–1350.
- Au, A. F., Luthra, V., and Stern, R. 2004. Clozapine-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Am. J. Psychiatry 161: 1501.
- Baig, M. R., Navaira, E., Escamilla, M. A., Raventos, H., and Walss-Bass, C. 2010. Clozapine treatment causes oxidation of proteins involved in energy metabolism in lymphoblastoid cells: A possible mechanism for antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations. J. Psychiatr. Pract. 16: 325–333.
- Baldessarini, R. J., Cohen, B. M., and Teicher, M. H. 1988. Significance of neuroleptic dose and plasma level in the pharmacological treatment of psychosis. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 45: 79–91.
- Beutler, E. 1982. Catalase: A manual of biochemical methods. In Red cell metabolism, ed. E. Beutler, 105–106. New York, NY: Grune and Stratton.
- Che, R., Yuan, Y., Huang, S., and Zhang, A. 2014. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 306: F367–F378.
- Davis, J. M., Kane, J. M., Marder, S., Brauzer, B., Gierl, B., Schooler, N. Casey, D. E., and Hassan, M. 1993. Dose response of prophylactic antipsychotics. J. Clin. Psychiat. 54: 24–30.
- Elias, T. J., Bannister, K. M., Clarkson, A. R., Faull, D., and Faull, R. J. 1999. Clozapine-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Lancet 354: 1180–1181.
- Fehsel, K., Loeffler, S., Krieger, K., Henning, U., Agelink, M., Kolb-Bachofen, V., and Klimke, A. 2005. Clozapine induces oxidative stress and proapoptotic gene expression in neutrophils of schizophrenic patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 25: 419–426.
- Fineberg, N. A., Gale, T. M., and Sivakumaran, T. 2006. A review of antipsychotics in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. J. Psychopharmacol. 20: 97–103.
- Forbes, M. S., Thornhill, B.A., Minor, J. J., Gordon, K. A., Galarreta, C. I., and Chevalier, R. L. 2012. Fight-or-flight: murine unilateral ureteral obstruction causes extensive proximal tubular degeneration, collecting duct dilatation, and minimal fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 303: F120–F129.
- Fraser, D., and Jibani, M. 2000. An unexpected and serious complication of treatment with the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine. Clin. Nephrol. 54: 78–80.
- Ghio, A. J., Carraway, M. S., and Madden, M. C. 2012. Composition of air pollution particles and oxidative stress in cells, tissues and living systems. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 15: 1–21.
- Glatzle, D., Vuilleumier, J. P., Weber, F., and Decker, K. 1974. Glutathione reductase test with whole blood a convenient procedure for the assessment of the riboflavin status in humans. Experientia 30: 665–668.
- Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J., and Jakoby, W. B. 1974. Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130–7139.
- Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J. M. C. 2007. Free radicals in biology and medicine, 4th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J. M. C. 1990. The antioxidants of human extracellular fluids. Am. J. Psychiatry 280: 1–8.
- Hinkle, E. D., Wiersma, W., and Jurs, G. S. 1994. Applied statistics for behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
- Hunter, R., Gaughan, T., Queirazza, F., McMillan, D., and Shankie, S. 2009. Clozapine-induced interstitial nephritis—A rare but important complication: A case report. J. Med. Case Rep. 27: 8574.
- Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. L, Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. I. 1951. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265–275.
- Matés, J. M. 2000. Effects of antioxidant enzymes in the molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology. Toxicology 153: 83–104.
- Miljević, Č., Nikolić, M., Nikolić-Kokić, A., Jones, D., Niketić, V., Lečić-Tosevski, D., and Spasic, M.B. 2010. Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. 34: 303–307.
- Misra, H. P., and Fridovich, I. 1972. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J. Biol. Chem. 247: 3170–3175.
- Moledina, D. G., and Perazella, M. A. 2015. Acute kidney injury and mortality in the elderly: Add atypical antipsychotics to the list. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 65: 655–658.
- Nishikawa, M., Nagatomi, H., Chang, B. J., Sato, E., and Inoue, M. 2001. Targeting superoxide dismutase to renal proximal tubule cells inhibits mitochondrial injury and renal dysfunction induced by cisplatin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 387: 78–84.
- Paglia, D. E., and Valentine, W. N. 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70: 74–77.
- Parekh, R., Fattah, Z., Sahota, D., and Colaco, B. 2014. Clozapine induced tubulointerstitial nephritis in a patient with paranoid schizophrenia. BMJ Case Report. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-203502.
- Pillai, A., Parikh, V., Terry, A. V., Jr., and Mahadik, S. P. 2007. Long-term antipsychotic treatment and crossover studies in rats: Differential effects of typical and atypical agents on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation in rat brain. J. Psychiatr. Res. 41: 372–386.
- Raha, S., Taylor, V. H., and Holloway, A. C. 2012. Effect of atypical antipsychotics on fetal growth: Is the placenta involved? J. Pregnancy 2012: 315203.
- Ristić, A.J, Savić, D., Sokić, D., Bogdanović- Pristov. J., Nestorov, J., Baščarević, V., Raičević, S., Savić, S., and Spasojević, I. 2015. Hippocampal antioxidative system in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 56: 789–799.
- Schmidt, A. J., Hemmeter, U. M., Krieg, J. C., Vedder, H., and Heiser, P. 2009. Impact of haloperidol and quetiapine on the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J. Psychiatr. Res. 43: 818–823.
- Shanon, R. S., Minakshi, N., and Nihal, A. 2007. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 22: 659–661.
- Southall, K. E., and Fernando, S. N. 2000. A case of interstitial nephritis on clozapine. Aust. NZ J. Psychiat. 34: 697–698.
- Vassell, K. P., Commandeur, J. N., Vermeulen, N. P., and Vos, J. C. 2013. Reconstitution of the interplay between cytochrome P450 and human glutathione S-transferases in clozapine metabolism in yeast. Toxicol. Lett. 222: 247–256.
- Zhang, X. Y., Tan, Y. L., Cao, L. Y., Wu, G. Y., Xu, Q., Shen, Y., and Zhou, D. F. 2006. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in different forms of schizophrenia treated with typical and atypical antipsychotics. Schizophren. Res. 81: 291–300.