358
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Mixture toxicity of five biocides with dissimilar modes of action on the growth and photosystem II efficiency of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

, , , &

References

  • Almeida, A. C., 2015. Toxicity of single biocides and their mixtures in the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) thesis, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
  • Altenburger, R., M. Nendza, and G. Schuurmann. 2003. Mixture toxicity and its modelling by quantitative structure–activity relationships. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22:1900–1915. doi:10.1897/01-386.
  • Altenburger, R., H. Walter, and M. Grote. 2004. What contributes to the combined effect of a complex mixture?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:6353–6362. doi:10.1021/es049528k.
  • Andersson, L., and Y. Andersson. 1994. Ecotoxicological evaluation of the herbicide aclonifen. Solna, Sweden: National Chemical Inspectorate.
  • Ankley, G. T., R. S. Bennet, R. J. Erickson, D. J. Hoff, M. W. Hornung, R. D. Johnson, D. R. Mount, J. W. Nichlos, C. L. Russom, P. K. Schmieder, J. A. Serrano, J. E. Tietge, and D. L. Villeneuve. 2012. Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 29:730–741. doi:10.1002/etc.34.
  • Backhaus, T., A. Arrhenius, and H. Blanck. 2004. Toxicity of a mixture of dissimilarly acting substances to natural algal communities: predictive power and limitations of independent action and concentration addiction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:6363–6370. doi:10.1021/es0497678.
  • Backhaus, T., H. Blanck, and M. Faust. 2010. Risk and risk assessment of chemical mixtures under REACH. State of the art, gaps and options for improvement. Sundbyberg, Bromma, Sweden: Swedish Chemicals Agency.
  • Belden, J. B., R. J. Gilliom, and M. J. Lydy. 2007. How well can we predict the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to aquatic life?. Int. Environ. Assess. Manage 3:364–372. doi:10.1002/ieam.5630030307.
  • Belden, J. B., and M. J. Lydy. 2006. Joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and esfenvalerate to fathead minnows and midge larvae. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25:623–629. doi:10.1897/05-370R.1.
  • Bellas, J. 2006. Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates. Sci. Total Environ. 367:573–585. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.028.
  • Bliss, C. I. 1939. The toxicity of poisons applied jointly. Ann. J. Appl. Biol. 26:585–615. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1939.tb06990.x.
  • Buman, R. A., D. R. Gealy, and E. P. Fuerst. 1992. Relationship between temperature and triazinone herbicide activity I. Herbicide binding to thylakoid membranes. Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 43:22–28. doi:10.1016/0048-3575(92)90015-R.
  • Cedergreen, N. 2014. Quantifying synergy: A systematic review of mixture toxicity studies within environmental toxicology. Plos One 9:e96580. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096580.
  • Cedergreen, N., P. Kudsk, S. Matthiasen, and J. C. Streibig. 2007. Combination effects of herbicides: Do species and test system matter?. Pest. Manage. Sci. 63:282–295. doi:10.1002/ps.1353.
  • Cedergreen, N., and J. C. Streibig. 2005. The toxicity of herbicides to non-target aquatic plants and algae: Assessment of predictive factors and risk. Pest. Manage. Sci. 61:1152–1160. doi:10.1002/ps.1117.
  • ECHA. 2011. Annex 1 – Background document to the opinion proposing harmonised classification and labelling at Community level of Benzenamine, 2-chloro-6-nitro-3-phenoxy-(Aclonifen). ECHA/RAC/CLH-O-0000001543-79-03/A1, Committee for Risk Assessment. European Chemicals Agency., 51 p. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/d3add67cae52-43dc-ad13-786a7597aa6e
  • EFSA. 2007. Conclusion on the peer review of bifenox. Eur. Food Saf. Authority Sci. Rep. 119:1–84.
  • EFSA. 2008. Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Aclonifen. European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Scientific Report 149:1–80.
  • EFSA. 2010. Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance metribuzin. Eur. Food Saf. Authority Sci. Rep. 88:1–74.
  • Eggen, R. I. L., R. Behra, P. Burkhardt-Holm, B. I. Escher, and N. Schweigert. 2004. Viewpoint: challenges in ecotoxicology: Mechanistic understanding will help overcome the newest challenges. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1:58A–64A. doi:10.1021/es040349c.
  • Ensminger, M. P., and F. D. Hess. 1985. Action spectrum of the activity of acifluorfen-methyl, a diphenyl ether herbicide, in Chlamydomonas eugametos. Plant Physiol. 77:503–505. doi:10.1104/pp.77.2.503.
  • EPA. 2006. Data quality assessment: Statistical methods for practitioners, 198 p. Washington DC, United States: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA QA/G-9S, Office of Environmental Information.
  • EPA. 2012. Antifouling paints reassessment. Preliminary risk assessment, 71 p. Environmental Protection Authority, Te Mana Rauhi Taiao: http://epa.govt.nz/Publications/Antifouling%20paints%20reassessment%20Preliminary%20Risk%20Assessment.pdf
  • EU. 2012. Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products. Off. J. Eur. Union L 167/1. CELEX number: 32012R0528.
  • Faust, M., R. Altenburger, T. Backhaus, H. Blanck, W. Boedeker, P. Gramatica, V. Hamer, M. Scholze, M. Vighi, and L. H. Grimme. 2003. Joint algal toxicity of 16 dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action. Aquat. Toxicol. 63:43–63. doi:10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00133-9.
  • Fernández-Alba, A. R., M. D. Hernando, L. Piedra, and Y. Christi. 2002. Toxicity evaluation of single and mixed antifouling biocides measured with acute toxicity bioassays. Anal. Chim. Acta 456:303–312. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00037-5.
  • Flemming, H.-C., and M. Greebhalgh. 2008. Concept and Consequences of the EU Biocide Guideline, 1–11. Springer Series on Biofilms. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Franz, S., R. Altenburger, H. Heilmeier, and M. Schmitt-Jansen. 2008. What contributes to the sensivity of microalgae to triclosan?. Aquat. Toxicol. 90:102–108. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.08.003.
  • Gatidou, G., and N. S. Thomaidis. 2007. Evaluation of single and joint toxic effects of two antifouling biocides, their main metabolites and copper using phytoplankton bioassays. Aquat. Toxicol. 85:184–191. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.09.002.
  • Grossman, K. 2005. What it takes to get a herbicide’s mode of action. Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion. Pest. Manage. Sci. 61:423–431. doi:10.1002/ps.1016.
  • Guseinova, I. M., S. Y. Suleimanov, and J. A. Aliyev. 2005. The effect of norflurazon on protein composition and chlorophyll organization in pigment-protein complex of photosystem II. Photosynth. Res. 84:71–76. doi:10.1007/s11120-004-7159-9.
  • Hamwijk, C., A. Schouten, E. M. Foekema, J. C. Ravensberg, M. T. Collombon, K. Sch,Idt, and M. Kugler. 2005. Monitoring of the booster biocide dichlofluanid in water and marine sediment of Greek marinas. Chemosphere 60:1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.072.
  • Harris, E. H. (editor) 2009. The Chlamydomonas Sourcebook. In Introduction to Chlamydomonas and its Laboratory Use, vol. 1.
  • James, A., V. Bonnomet, A. Morin, and B. Fribourg-Blanc. 2009. Implementation of requirements on Priority substances within the Context of the Water Framework Directive. Contract N° 07010401/2008/508122/ADA/D2. Prioritisation process: Monitoring-based ranking. INERIS /IOW: 58. International Office for Water (INERIS), Limoges, France.
  • Jenkins, C. A., 1993. Bandur - Determination of its EC50 to Selenastrum capricornutum. Bayer CropScience, Monheim. Doc. No. M-217128-01-1. Pharmaco-LSR Ltd., Eye, UK
  • Johansson, P., K. M. Eriksson, L. Axelsson, and H. Blanck. 2012. Effects of seven antifouling compounds on photosynthesis and inorganic carbon use in sugar kelp Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 63:365–377. doi:10.1007/s00244-012-9778-z.
  • Jones, R. 2005. The ecotoxicological effects of photosystem II herbicides on corals. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 51:495–506. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.027.
  • Killinc, Ö., S. Reynaud, L. Perez, M. Tissut, and P. Ravanel. 2009. Physiological and biochemical modes of action of the diphenylether aclonifen. Pest Biochem. Physiol. 93:65–71. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.11.008.
  • Kitajima, M., and W. L. Butler. 1975. Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplast by dibromothymoquinone. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 326:105–115. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(75)90209-1.
  • Langston, W. J., H. Harino, and N. D. Pope. 2009. Behaviour of organotins in the Coastal Environment. In Ecotoxicology of Antifouling Biocides, Eds T. Arai, H. Harino, M. Ohji, and W. J. Langston, 75–82. Tokyo: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-85709-9
  • Ledford, H. K., and K. K. Niuogi. 2005. Singlet oxygen and photo-oxidative stress management in plants and algae. Plant Cell. Environ. 28:1037–1045. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01374.x.
  • Loewe, S. 1927. Die Mischarznei. Versuch einer allgemeinen pharmakologie der arzneikombinationen. Klin. Wochenschr 6:1077–1085. doi:10.1007/BF01890305.
  • Loos, R., G. Locoro, S. Comero, S. Contini, D. Schwesig, F. Werres, P. Balsaa, O. Gans, S. Weiss, L. Blaha, M. Bolchi, and B. M. Gawlik. 2010. Pan-European survey on the occurrence of selected polar organic persistent pollutants in ground water. Water Res. 44:4115–4126. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.032.
  • Louis, G. W., D. R. Hallinger, M. J. Braxton, A. Kamel, and T. E. Syoker. 2017. Effects of chronic exposure to triclosan on reproductive and thyroid endpoints in the adult wistar female rat. J Toxicol Environ Health A 80:236–249. doi:10.1080/15287394.2017.1287029.
  • Lürling, M. 2011. Metribuzin impairs the unicell-colony transformation in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Chemosphere 82:411–417. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.070.
  • Motulsky, H., 1998. Comparing dose-response or kinetic curves with GraphPad Prism. HMS Beagle: The BioMedNet Magazine, Issue 34, July 10, 13.
  • OECD. 2011. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test. OECD Publishing, Business & Economics, 1–25. doi:10.1787/9789264069923-en
  • Oettmeier, W., K. Masson, C. Fedtke, J. Konze, and R. R. Schmidt. 1982. Effect of different Photosystem II inhibitors on chloroplasts isolated from species either susceptible or resistant toward s-triazine herbicides. Pest. Biochem. Physiol. 18:357–367. doi:10.1016/0048-3575(82)90077-3.
  • Orvos, D. R., D. J. Versteg, J. Inauen, M. Capdevielle, A. Rothenstein, and V. Cunningham. 2002. Aquatic toxicity of triclosan. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21:1338–1349. doi:10.1002/etc.5620210703.
  • Ottis, B. V., J. D. Mattice, and R. E. Talbert. 2005. Determination of antagonism between cyhalofop-butyl and other rice (Oryza sativa) herbicides in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:4064–4068. doi:10.1021/jf050006d.
  • Pedersen, R., M. Bechmann, J. Deelstra, H. O. Eggestad, I. Greipsland, M. Stenrød, G. Fystro, S. Selnes, H. Riley, and E. Stubhaug, 2014. Jord- og vannovervåking i landbruket (JOVA). Feltrapport fra programmet i 2012 (Bioforsk).
  • Richter, M., and B. I. Escher. 2005. Mixture toxicity of reactive chemicals by using two bacterial growth assays as indicators of protein and DNA damage. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:8753–8761. doi:10.1021/es050758o.
  • Ruedel, H. 2012. Environmental monitoring of biocides: An emerging issue? NORMAN Bull. 3:3–4.
  • Ruszkiewicz, J. A., S. Li, M. B. Rodriguez, and M. Aschner. 2016. Is triclosan a neurotoxic agent? J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 20:104–117. doi:10.1080/10937404.2017.1281181.
  • Scherder, E. E., R. E. Talbert, and M. L. Lovelace. 2005. Antagonism of cyhalofop grass activity by halosulfuron, triclopyr, and propanil. Weed Technol. 19:934–941. doi:10.1614/WT-03-177R2.1.
  • Singer, H., S. Muller, C. Tixier, and L. Pillonel. 2002. Triclosan: occurrence and fate of a widely used biocide in the aquatic environment. Field measurements in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, and lake sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:4998–5004. doi:10.1021/es025750i.
  • Szivák, I., R. Behra, and L. Sigg. 2009. Metal-induced reactive oxygen species production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol. 45:427–435. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00663.x.
  • Tollefsen, K. E., S. Scholz, M. T. Cronin, S. W. Edwards, J. De Knecht, K. Crofton, N. Garcia-Reyero, T. Hartung, A. Worth, and G. Patlewicz. 2014. Applying adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) to support integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 70:629–640. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.09.009.
  • Tomlin, C. D. S. 1994. The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 10th ed., 95. Surrey, UK: The British Crop Protection Council.
  • Vighi, M., R. Altenburger, Å. Arrhenius, T. Backhaus, W. Bödeker, H. Blanck, F. Consolaro, M. Faust, A. Finizio, K. Froehner, P. Gramatica, L. H. Grimme, F. Grönvall, V. Hamer, M. Scholze, and H. Walter. 2003. Water quality objectives of toxic chemicals: Problems and perspectives. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 54:139–150. doi:10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00047-7.
  • Von Der Ohe, P. C., M. Schmitt-Jansen, J. Slobodnik, and W. Brack. 2012. Triclosan – the forgotten priority substance?. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 19:585–591. doi:10.1007/s11356-011-0580-7.
  • Warne, M. S. J. 2003. A review of the ecotoxicity of mixtures, approaches to, and recommendations for, their management. Proceedings of the fifth national workshop on the assessment of site contamination (A. Langley, M. Gilbey, B. Kennedy, eds). National Environment Protection Council Service Corporation, 2003, ADELAIDE SA, ISBN 0-642-32371-2.
  • Warne, M. S. J., and D. W. Hawker. 1995. The number of components in a mixture determines whether synergistic and antagonistic or additive toxicity predominate: The funnel hypothesis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 31:23–28. doi:10.1006/eesa.1995.1039.
  • Wehtje, G., J. W. Wilcut, and J. A. McGuire. 1992. Paraquat phytotoxicity, absorption and translocation in peanut and selected weeds as influenced by cloramben. Weed Sci. 40:471–476.
  • Wehtje, G. R., J. W. Wilcut, D. P. Dylewski, J. A. McGuire, and T. V. Hicks. 1991. Antagonism of paraquat phytotoxicity in peanuts (Arachis-Hypogaea) and selected weed species by naptalam. Weed Sci. 39:634–639.
  • Wenzel, A., 2006. Effect of aclonifen (AE F068300) on the growth of six algae species. Bayer CropScience AG, Monheim. Doc. No. M-278578-01-1, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.