Acute and chronic toxicity assessment of haloacetic acids using Daphnia magna

References

• Acharya, S., K. Mehta, S. Rodrigues, J. Pereira, S. Krishnan, and C. V. Rao. 1995. Administration of subtoxic doses of t-butyl alcohol and trichloroacetic-acid to male wistar rats to study the interactive toxicity. Toxicol. Lett. 80:97–104. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03340-Q.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM. 2004. Standard guide for conducting Daphnia magna life-cycle toxicity test. Pennsylvania, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
   Google Scholar
• Baird, D. J., A. M. V. M. Soares, A. Girling, I. Barber, M. Bradley, and P. C. Calow 1989. The long-term maintenance of Daphnia magna for use in ecotoxicity tests: Problems and prospects. Proceedings of the First European Conference on Ecotoxicology, Lyngby, Denmark, 144–48.
   Google Scholar
• Barata, C., B. Campos, C. Rivetti, G. A. LeBlanc, S. Eytcheson, S. McKnight, M. Tobor-Kaplon, S. de Vries Buitenweg, S. Choi, J. Choi, et al. 2017. Validation of a two-generational reproduction test in Daphnia magna: An interlaboratory exercise. Sci. Total Environ. 579:1073–83. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belden, J. B., R. J. Gilliom, and M. J. Lydy. 2007. How well can we predict the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to aquatic life? Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 3:364–72. doi:10.1002/ieam.5630030326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, M., S. R. Muller, J. Muhlemann, A. Wiedmer, and R. P. Schwarzenbach. 2000. Concentrations and mass fluxes of chloroacetic acids and trifluoroacetic acid in rain and natural waters in Switzerland. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34:2675–83. doi:10.1021/es990855f.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss, C. I. 1939. The toxicity of poisons applied jointly. Ann. Appl. Biol. 26:585–615. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1939.tb06990.x.
   Google Scholar
• Boorman, G. A., V. Dellarco, J. K. Dunnick, R. E. Chapin, S. Hunter, F. Hauchman, H. Gardner, M. Cox, and R. C. Sills. 1999. Drinking water disinfection byproducts: Review and approach to toxicity evaluation. Environ. Health Perspect. 107:207–17. doi:10.2307/3434484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bopp, S. K., A. Kienzler, S. C. Andrea-Nicole Richarz, A. van der Linden, N. P. Paini, and A. P. Worth. 2019. Regulatory assessment and risk management of chemical mixtures: Challenges and ways forward. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 49:174–89. doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1579169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos, B., R. Jordao, C. Rivetti, M. F. Lemos, A. M. Soares, R. Tauler, and C. Barata. 2016. Two-generational effects of contaminants in Daphnia magna: Effects of offspring quality. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 35:1470–77. doi:10.1002/etc.3290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. 1999. Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: Control of infectious diseases. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48:621–629
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cedergreen, N., A. M. Christensen, A. Kamper, P. Kudsk, S. K. Mathiassen, J. C. Streibig, and H. Sørensen. 2008. A review of independent action compared to concentration addition as reference models for mixtures of compounds with different molecular target sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 27:1621–32. doi:10.1897/07-474.1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EANLS. 2007. The direct toxicity assessment of aqueous environmental samples using the juvenile Daphnia magna immobilisation test, Methods for the examination of waters and associated materials. Leicestershire: Standing Committee of Analysts Environment Agency (National Laboratory Service).
   Google Scholar
• EPA. 1988. Research and development: Health and environmental effects document for chloroacetic acid. Cincinnati: Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• EPA. 2002. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms 5th ed. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• EPA. 2009. Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3-final, vol. 74. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Faust, M., R. Altenburger, T. Backhaus, H. Blanck, W. Boedeker, P. Gramatica, V. Hamer, M. Scholze, M. Vighi, and L. H. Grimme. 2001. Predicting the joint algal toxicity of multi-component s-triazine mixtures at low-effect concentrations of individual toxicants. Aquat. Toxicol. 56:13–32. doi:10.1016/S0166-445x(01)00187-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, D., L. Yonkos, G. Ziegler, E. Friedel, and D. Burton. 2014. Acute and chronic toxicity of selected disinfection byproducts to Daphnia magna, Cyprinodon variegatus, and Isochrysis galbana. Water Res. 55:233–44. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giller, S., F. LeCurieux, F. Erb, and D. Marzin. 1997. Comparative genotoxicity of halogenated acetic acids found in drinking water. Mutagenesis 12:321–28. doi:10.1093/mutage/12.5.321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco, W. R., G. Bravo, and J. C. Parsons. 1995. The search for synergy: A critical review from a response surface perspective. Pharmacol. Rev. 47:331–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, M. L., and K. R. Solomon. 2004. Haloacetic acids in the aquatic environment. Part II: Ecological risk assessment. Environ. Pollut. 130:385–401. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrenfreund, S. L., M. A. Pereira, M. D. Khoury, and G. Olson. 1987. The carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetic-acid and dichloroacetic acid, in mouse-liver. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 90:183–89. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(87)90325-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heys, K. A., R. F. Shore, M. G. Pereira, K. C. Jones, and F. L. Martin. 2016. Risk assessment of environmental mixture effects. RSC Adv. 6:47844–57. doi:10.1039/C6RA05406D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, Y., H. Song, and T. Karanfil. 2013. Formation of haloacetic acids from dissolved organic matter fractions during chloramination. Water Res. 47:1147–55. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J., N. Graham, M. R. Templeton, Y. Zhang, C. Collins, and M. Nieuwenhuijsen. 2008. Evaluation of Anabaena flos-aquae as a precursor for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation. Water Sci. Technol. 8:653–62. doi:10.2166/ws.2008.151.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 2004. Some drinking-water disinfectants and contaminants, including arsenic. Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 2013. Some chemicals present in industrial and consumer products, food and drinking-water. Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
   Google Scholar
• IARC. 2014. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and some other chlorinated agents, vol. 106. Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
   Google Scholar
• ISO. 2012. Water quality - Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) — Acute toxicity test, 4th. ISO 6341. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.
   Google Scholar
• Kar, S., and J. Leszczynski. 2019. Exploration of computational approaches to predict the toxicity of chemical mixtures. Toxics 7:15. doi:10.3390/toxics7010015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kienzler, A., S. K. Bopp, S. van der Linden, E. Berggren, and A. Worth. 2016. Regulatory assessment of chemical mixtures: Requirements, current approaches and future perspectives. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 80:321–34. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Y. Chung, D. Shin, M. Kim, Y. Lee, Y. Lim, and D. Lee. 2003. Chlorination by-products in surface water treatment process. Desalination 151:1–9. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00967-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kortenkamp, A., T. Backhaus, and M. Faust. 2009. State of the art report on mixture toxicity: Final Report to the European Commission under Contract Number 070307/2007/485103/ETU/D.1. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Krasner, S. W., H. S. Weinberg, S. D. Richardson, S. J. Pastor, R. Chinn, M. J. Sclimenti, G. D. Onstad, and A. D. Thruston Jr. 2006. Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40:7175–85. doi:10.1021/es060353j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krasner, S. W., P. Westerhoff, B. Y. Chen, B. E. Rittmann, and G. Amy. 2009. Occurrence of disinfection byproducts in United States wastewater treatment plant effluents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:8320–25. doi:10.1021/es901611m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, R., M. Pattard, K. D. Pernak, and A. Winter. 1989a. Results of the harmful effects of water pollutants to Daphnia magna in the 21 day reproduction test. Water Res. 23:501–10. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(89)90142-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, R., M. Pattard, K. D. Pernak, and A. Winter. 1989b. Results of the harmful effects of selected water pollutants (anilines, phenols, aliphatic-compounds) to Daphnia-magna. Water Res. 23:495–99. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(89)90141-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewe, S., and H. Muischnek. 1926. Über Kombinationswirkungen. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv Für Experimentelle Pathologie Und Pharmakologie 114:313–26. doi:10.1007/bf01952257.
   Google Scholar
• Malliarou, E., C. Collins, N. Graham, and M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen. 2005. Haloacetic acids in drinking water in the United Kingdom. Water Res. 39:2722–30. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller, S. R., H. R. Zweifel, D. J. Kinnison, J. A. Jacobsen, M. A. Meier, M. M. Ulrich, and R. P. Schwarzenbach. 1996. Occurrence, sources, and fate of trichloroacetic acid in Swiss waters. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:1470–78. doi:10.1897/1551-5028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narotsky, M. G., D. S. Best, A. McDonald, E. A. Godin, E. S. Hunter, and J. E. Simmons. 2011. Pregnancy loss and eye malformations in offspring of F344 rats following gestational exposure to mixtures of regulated trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Reprod. Toxicol. 31:59–65. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narotsky, M. G., D. S. Best, E. H. Rogers, A. McDonald, Y. M. Sey, and J. E. Simmons. 2008. Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: Assessment of developmental toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to concentrates of water disinfected by chlorination and ozonation/postchlorination. J.Toxico. Environ. Health A 71:1216–21. doi:10.1080/15287390802182623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols, H. W. 1979. Growth Media-Freshwater. In Handbook of phycological methods: Culture methods and growth measurements, ed. J. R. Stein, 7–24. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 1984. Daphnia sp., acute immobilisation test and reproduction test. In OECD GUIDELINE FOR TESTING OF CHEMICALS. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2004. Guidelines for testing of chemicals. Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. acute immobilisation test. In OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals/section 2: Effects on biotic systems. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2012. Test No. 211: Daphnia magna reproduction test. In OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals, section 2: Effects on biotic systems. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Plewa, M. J., Y. Kargalioglu, D. Vankerk, R. A. Minear, and E. D. Wagner. 2002. Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of drinking water disinfection by-products. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:134–42. doi:10.1002/em.10092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebhun, M., L. HellerGrossman, and J. Manka. 1997. Formation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination of secondary effluent and renovated water. Water Environ. Res. 69:1154–62. doi:10.2175/106143097x125902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, S. D., A. D. Thruston, S. W. Krasner, H. S. Weinberg, R. J. Miltner, K. M. Schenck, M. G. Narotsky, A. B. McKague, and J. E. Simmons. 2008. Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: Comprehensive characterization of water concentrates prepared from chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated drinking water. J.Toxico. Environ. Health A 71:1165–86. doi:10.1080/15287390802182417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, S. D., M. J. Plewa, E. D. Wagner, R. Schoeny, and D. M. DeMarini. 2007. Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: A review and roadmap for research. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 636:178–242. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickert, C. I. B., and O. Schmoll, WHO, Edited by. 2016. Protecting surface water for health. Identifying, assessing and managing drinking-water quality risks in surface-water catchments. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, J. F., R. van Egmond, and O. R. Price. 2010. Toxicity of haloacetic acids to freshwater algae. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 73:56–61. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancho, E., M. J. Villarroel, and M. D. Ferrando. 2016. Assessment of chronic effects of tebuconazole on survival, reproduction and growth of Daphnia magna after different exposure times. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 124:10–17. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, B. F., C. Spencer, C. H. Marvin, D. C. MacTavish, and D. C. G. Muir. 2002. Distribution of haloacetic acids in the water columns of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Malawi. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:1893–98. doi:10.1021/es011156h.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, B. F., C. Spencer, J. W. Martin, R. Barra, H. A. Bootsma, K. C. Jones, A. E. Johnston, and D. C. G. Muir. 2005. Comparison of haloacetic acids in the environment of the northern and southern hemispheres. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:8664–70. doi:10.1021/es0501181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons, J. E., S. D. Richardson, L. K. Teuschler, R. J. Miltner, T. F. Speth, K. M. Schenck, E. S. Hunter, and G. Rice. 2008. Research issues underlying the Four-Lab Study: Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research. J.Toxico. Environ. Health A 71:1125–32. doi:10.1080/15287390802181906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirivedhin, T., and K. A. Gray. 2005. Comparison of the disinfection by-product formation potentials between a wastewater effluent and surface waters. Water Res. 39:1025–36. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen, M. V., I. Heiner, O. Ziemer, and B. Neuhaus. 2007. Tubulideres seminoli gen. et sp nov and Zelinkaderes brightae sp nov (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from Florida. Helgol. Mar. Res. 61:247–65. doi:10.1007/s10152-007-0073-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syberg, K., A. Elleby, H. Pedersen, N. Cedergreen, and V. E. Forbes. 2008. Mixture toxicity of three toxicants with similar and dissimilar modes of action to Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 69:428–36. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.05.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2004. Trichloroacetic acid in drinking-water. background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2017. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, fourth edition, incorporating the 1st addendum. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar