Recycled polyvinyl chloride microplastics: investigation of environmentally relevant concentrations on toxicity in adult zebrafish

References

• Aguiar, G. P. S., M. Marcon, R. Mocelin, A. P. Herrmann, L. M. P. C. Chaves, A. L. Piato, M. Lanza, and J. V. Oliveira. 2017. Micronization of N -acetylcysteine by supercritical fluid: Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo biological activity. J. Supercrit Fluids 130:282–91. doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.010.
   Google Scholar
• Almeida, E. R., C. A. Lima-Rezende, S. E. Schneider, C. Garbinato, J. Pedroso, L. Decui, G. P. S. Aguiar, L. G. Müller, J. V. Oliveira, and A. M. Siebel. 2021. Micronized resveratrol shows anticonvulsant properties in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in adult zebrafish. Neurochem. Res. 46:241–51. doi:10.1007/s11064-020-03158-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anbumani, S., and P. Kakkar. 2018. Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota: A review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res 25:14373–96. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1999-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araujo, A. P. C., T. M. Luz, T. L. Rocha, M. A. I. Ahmed, D. D. M. Silva, M. M. Rahman, and G. Malafaia. 2022. Toxicity evaluation of the combination of emerging pollutants with polyethylene microplastics in zebrafish: Perspective study of genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and redox unbalance. J. Hazard. Mater. 432:128691. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128691.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ateia, M., A. Kanan, and T. Karanfil. 2020. Microplastics release precursors of chlorinated and brominated disinfection byproducts in water. Chemosphere 251:126452. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126452.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bambino, K., and J. Chu. 2017. Zebrafish in toxicology and environmental health. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 124:331–67. doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.10.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, D. K., F. Galgani, R. C. Thompson, and M. Barlaz. 2009. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biological Sci. 364:1985–98. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertoncello, K. T., G. P. S. Aguiar, J. V. Oliveira, and A. M. Siebel. 2018. Micronization potentiates curcumin’s anti-seizure effect and brings an important advance in epilepsy treatment. Sci. Rep. 8:2645. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20897-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhagat, J., L. Zang, N. Nishimura, and Y. Shimada. 2020. Zebrafish: An emerging model to study microplastic and nanoplastic toxicity. Sci. Total Environ. 728:138707. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botterell, Z. L., N. Beaumont, T. Dorrington, M. Steinke, R. C. Thompson, and P. K. Lindeque. 2019. Bioavailability and effects of microplastics on marine zooplankton: A review. Environ. Pollut. 245:98–110. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, D., A. I. Catarino, N. J. Clark, and T.B. Henry. 2020. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic fragments release Pb additives that are bioavailable in zebrafish. Environ. Pollut. 263:114422. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114422.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgos-Aceves, M. A., C. Faggio, M. Betancourt-Lozano, D. J. González-Mille, and C. A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández. 2022. Ecotoxicological perspectives of microplastic pollution in amphibians. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 25:405–21. doi:10.1080/10937404.2022.2140372.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Concea. 2018. Ministério da Ciêencia Tecnologia e Inovação Conselho Nacional de Controle de experimentação animal. Diretrizes da prática de eutanásia do CONCEA. https://www.mctic.gov.br/mctic/export/sites/institucional/legislacao/Arquivos/Anexo_Res.
   Google Scholar
• Espinosa, C., A. Cuesta, and M. Á. Esteban. 2017. Effects of dietary polyvinylchloride microparticles on general health, immune status and expression of several genes related to stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunol. 68:251–59. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbinato, C., C. A. Lima-Rezende, S. E. Schneider, J. Pedroso, A. E. dos Santos, F. Petry, G. P. S. Aguiar, L. G. Müller, M. Lanza, A. Piato, et al. 2021. Investigation on the anticonvulsant potential of luteolin and micronized luteolin in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurochem. Res. 46:3025–34. doi:10.1007/s11064-021-03409-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garbinato, C., S. E. Schneider, A. Sachett, L. Decui, G. M. Conterato, L. G. Müller, and A. M. Siebel. 2020. Exposure to ractopamine hydrochloride induces changes in heart rate and behavior in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res 27:21468–75. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08634-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerassimidou, S., P. Lanska, J. N. Hahladakis, E. Lovat, S. Vanzetto, B. Geueke, K. J. Groh, J. Muncke, M. Maffini, O. V. Martin, et al. 2022. Unpacking the complexity of the PET drink bottles value chain: A chemicals perspective. J. Hazard. Mater. 128410. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128410.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guzzetti, E., A. Sureda, S. Tejada, and C. Faggio. 2018. Microplastic in marine organism: Environmental and toxicological effects. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 64:164–71. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale, R. C., M. E. Seeley, M. J. La Guardia, L. Mai, and E. Y. Zeng. 2020. A global perspective on microplastics. J. Geophysical Res. Oceans 125:e2018JC014719. doi:10.1029/2018JC014719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., Y. B. Yu, and J. H. Choi. 2021. Toxic effects on bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, immune responses and neurotoxicity in fish exposed to microplastics: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 413:125423. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinoshita, C., A. Saito, K. Q. Sakamoto, Y. Niizuma, and K. Sato. 2022. Heart rate as a proxy for estimating oxygen consumption rates in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). Biol. Open 11:3. doi:10.1242/bio.058952.
   Google Scholar
• Koelmans, A. A., N. H. Mohamed, E. Hermsen, M. Kooi, S. M. Mintenig, and J. De France. 2019. Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: Critical review and assessment of data quality. Water Res. 155:410–22. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kysil, E. V., D. A. Meshalkina, E. E. Frick, D. J. Echevarria, D. B. Rosemberg, C. Maximino, M. G. Lima, M. S. Abreu, A. C. Giacomini, L. J. G. Barcellos, et al. 2017. Comparative analyses of zebrafish anxiety-like behavior using conflict-based novelty tests. Zebrafish 14:197–208. doi:10.1089/zeb.2016.1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M., H. Kim, H. S. Ryu, J. Moon, N. A. Khant, C. Yu, and J. H. Yu. 2022. Review on invasion of microplastic in our ecosystem and implications. Sci. Prog. 105:368504221140766. doi:10.1177/00368504221140766.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lei, L., S. Wu, S. Lu, M. Liu, Y. Song, Z. Fu, D. He, K. M. Raley-Susman, and D. He. 2018. Microplastic particles cause intestinal damage and other adverse effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci. Total Environ. 619:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magara, G., F. R. Khan, M. Pinti, K. Syberg, A. Inzirillo, and A. C. Elia. 2019. Effects of combined exposures of fluoranthene and polyethylene or polyhydroxybutyrate microplastics on oxidative stress biomarkers in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 82:616–25. doi:10.1080/15287394.2019.1633451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menéndez-Pedriza, A., and J. Jaumot. 2020. Interaction of environmental pollutants with microplastics: A critical review of sorption factors, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological effects. Toxics 8:40. doi:10.3390/toxics8020040.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OECD. 2019. Test No. 203: Fish acute toxicity test. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, B. W., B. A. Beckingham, B. C. Ingram, J. C. Ballenger, J. E. Weinstein, and G. Sancho. 2020. Microplastic and tire wear particle occurrence in fishes from an urban estuary: Influence of feeding characteristics on exposure risk. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 160:111539. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111539.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parolini, M., B. De Felice, S. Gazzotti, L. Annunziata, M. Sugni, R. Bacchetta, and M. A. Ortenzi. 2020. Oxidative stress-related effects induced by micronized polyethylene terephthalate microparticles in the Manila clam. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 83:168–79. doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1737852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Percie, D. S. N., V. Hurst, A. Ahluwalia, S. Alam, M. T. Avey, M. Baker, W. J. Browne, A. Clark, I. C. Cuthill, U. Dirnagl, et al. 2020. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. Br. J. Pharmacol. 177:3617–24. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pessoa, A. S., G. P. S. Aguiar, J. Oliveira, A. J. Bortoluzzi, A. Paulino, and M. Lanza. 2019. Precipitation of resveratrol-isoniazid and resveratrol-nicotinamide cocrystals by gas antisolvent. J. Supercrit. Fluids 145:93–102. doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2018.11.014.
   Google Scholar
• Pironti, C., M. Ricciardi, O. Motta, Y. Miele, A. Proto, and L. Montano. 2021. Microplastics in the environment: Intake through the food web, human exposure and toxicological effects. Toxics 9:224. doi:10.3390/toxics9090224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pithon, M. 2013. Importance of the control group in scientific research. Dental Press J. Orthod. 18:14. doi:10.1590/S2176-94512013000600003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plastics Europe 2022. Plastics – the Facts 2022: An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. Accessed 26 November, 2022. https://plasticseurope.org.
   Google Scholar
• Prata, J. C., J. P. da Costa, I. Lopes, A. C. Duarte, and T. Rocha-Santos. 2019. Effects of microplastics on microalgae populations: A critical review. Sci. Total Environ. 665:400–05. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prata, J. C., J. P. da Costa, I. Lopes, A. C. Duarte, and T. Rocha-Santos. 2020. Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects. Sci. Total Environ. 702:134455. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainieri, S., N. Conlledo, B. K. Larsen, K. Granby, and A. Barranco. 2018. Combined effects of microplastics and chemical contaminants on the organ toxicity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ. Res. 162:135–43. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, F., J. W. O’Brien, T. Galloway, and K. V. Thomas. 2019. Accumulation and fate of nano-and micro-plastics and associated contaminants in organisms. TrAc Trend AnalChem 111:139–47. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosemberg, D. B., E. P. Rico, B. H. M. Mussulini, Â. L. Piato, M. E. Calcagnotto, C. D. Bonan, R. D. Dias, R. E. Blaser, D. O. Souza, D. L. de Oliveira, et al. 2011. Differences in spatio-temporal behavior of zebrafish in the open tank paradigm after a short-period confinement into dark and bright environments. PLoS. ONE. 6:19397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio, L., R. Marcos, and A. Hernández. 2020. Potential adverse health effects of ingested micro- and nanoplastics on humans. Lessons learned from in vivo and in vitro mammalian models. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health - B. 23:51–68. doi:10.1080/10937404.2019.1700598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachett, A., M. Gallas-Lopes, R. Benvenutti, G. M. M Conterato, A. P. Herrmann, and A. Piato. 2020. How to prepare zebrafish brain tissue samples for biochemical assays. doi:10.17504/protocols.io.bjkdkks6.
   Google Scholar
• Sachett, A., M. Gallas-Lopes, G. M. M. Conterato, R. Benvenutti, A. P. Herrmann, and A. Piato. 2020a. Protein quantification protocol optimized for zebrafish brain tissue (Bradford method). doi:10.17504/protocols.io.bjnfkmbn.
   Google Scholar
• Sachett, A., M. Gallas-Lopes, G. M. M. Conterato, R. Benvenutti, A. P. Herrmann, and A. Piato. 2020b. Quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) optimized for zebrafish brain tissue. doi:10.17504/protocols.io.bjp8kmrw.
   Google Scholar
• Sachett, A., M. Gallas-Lopes, G. M. M. Conterato, R. Benvenutti, A. P. Herrmann, and A. Piato. 2021. Quantification of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) optimized for zebrafish brain tissue. https://www.protocols.io/view/quantification-of-nonprotein-sulfhydryl-groups-nps-bx8tprwn.
   Google Scholar
• Schiavo, S., M. Oliviero, S. Chiavarini, S. Dumontet, and S. N. Manzo. 2021. Polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene leachate impact upon marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 84:249–60. doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1860173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, C., S. Zhang, and Y. Zhang. 2021. The influence of different polymer types of microplastics on adsorption, accumulation, and toxicity of triclosan in zebrafish. J. Hazard. Mater. 402:123733. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123733.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sohn, Y. J., H. T. Kim, K. A. Baritugo, S. Y. Jo, H. M. Song, S. Y. Park, S. K. Park, J. Pyo, H. G. Cha, H. Kim, et al. 2020. Recent advances in sustainable plastic upcycling and biopolymers. Biotechnol. J. 15:e1900489. doi:10.1002/biot.201900489.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun, M., R. Ding, Y. Ma, Q. Sun, X. Ren, Z. Sun, and J. Duan. 2021. Cardiovascular toxicity assessment of polyethylene nanoplastics on developing zebrafish embryos. Chemosphere 282:131124. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, L., X. Xiong, Y. Zhang, C. Wu, X. Xu, C. Sun, and H. Shi. 2022. Global transportation of plastics and microplastics: A critical review of pathways and influences. Sci. Total Environ. 831:154884. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154884.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torres-Ruiz, M., A. De la Vieja, M. de Alba Gonzalez, M. Esteban Lopez, A. Castaño Calvo, and A. I. Cañas Portilla. 2021. Toxicity of nanoplastics for zebrafish embryos, what we know and where to go next. Sci. Total Environ. 797:149125. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, W., J. Ge, and X. Yu. 2020. Bioavailability and toxicity of microplastics to fish species: A review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 189:109913. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., Y. Wang, Q. Wang, M. Lv, X. Zhao, Y. Ji, L. Chen, X. Wang, and L. Chen. 2022. The combined toxic effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio). J. Hazard. Mater. 440:129711. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129711.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wanner, P. 2021. Plastic in agricultural soils - a global risk for groundwater systems and drinking water supplies? - a review. Chemosphere 264:128453. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128453.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wasel, O., K. M. Thompson, Y. Gao, A. E. Godfrey, J. Gao, C. T. Mahapatra, L. S. Lee, M. S. Sepúlveda, and J. L. Freeman. 2021. Comparison of zebrafish in vitro and in vivo developmental toxicity assessments of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 84:125–36. doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1842272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, X., M. Sun, M. Zhou, Z. Chang, and L. Li. 2020. Polyvinyl chloride microplastics induce growth inhibition and oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio var. larvae. Sci. Total Environ. 716:136479. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, S., J. Ma, R. Ji, K. Pan, and A. J. Miao. 2020. Microplastics in aquatic environments: Occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects. Sci. Total Environ. 703:134699. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Y. B. Man, M. H. Wong, R. B. Owen, and K. L. Chow. 2022. Environmental health impacts of microplastics exposure on structural organization levels in the human body. Sci. Total Environ. 825:154025. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, Z., R. Nag, and E. Cummins. 2022. Human health concerns regarding microplastics in the aquatic environment - from marine to food systems. Sci. Total Environ. 823:153730. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153730.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang, K., X. Xiong, H. Hu, C. Wu, Y. Bi, Y. Wu, J. Liu, P. K. S. Lam, and J. Liu. 2017. Occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi bay of three Gorges reservoir, China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51:3794–801. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, Y., Q. Ding, Z. Huang, X. Xiao, X. Han, Y. Su, J. You, and J. You. 2023. Influence of ultraviolet-aging and adsorbed pollutants on toxicological effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics to zebrafish. Environ. Pollut. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120617.
   Google Scholar
• Zuccarello, P., M. Ferrante, A. Cristaldi, C. Copat, A. Grasso, D. Sangregorio, M. Fiore, and G. O. Conti. 2019. Exposure to microplastics (<10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study. Water Res. 157:365–71. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar