Absence of maternal-fetal adverse effects of Alternanthera littoralis P. Beauv. following treatment during pregnancy in mice

References

• Ahmed, S. M. H. N., J. Sundby, Y. S. Aragaw, and H. J. de Boer. 2018. The use of medicinal plants by pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 224:297–313. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino, D. F. S., A. C. Piccinelli, F. L. Soares, A. C. Arena, M. J. Salvador, and C. A. L. Kassuya. 2015. Anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Alternanthera maritima extract and 2″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylvitexin in mice. Inflammation 38 (6):2057–66. doi:10.1007/s10753-015-0187-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo, F. H. S., D. R. Figueiredo, S. A. Auharek, J. R. Pesarini, A. Meza, R. S. Gomes, A. C. D. Monreal, A. C. M. B. Antoniolli-Silva, D. P. Lima, C. A. L. Kassuya, et al. 2017. In vivo chemotherapeutic insight of a novel isocoumarin (3-hexyl-5,7-dimethoxy-isochromen-1-one): Genotoxicity, cell death induction, leukometry and phagocytic evaluation. Genet. Mol. Biol. 40(3):665–75. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2016-0316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo, C. R., F. G. Santiago, M. I. Peixoto, J. O. Oliveira, and M. D. E. Coutinho. 2016. Use of medicinal plants with teratogenic and abortive effects by pregnant women in a city in Northeastern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet. 38 (3):127–31. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1580714.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barrow, M. V., and W. I. Taylor. 1969. A rapid method for detecting malformation in rat fetuses. J. Morphol. 127 (3):291–306. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051270303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, N., M. Akram, Z. Yaniv-Bachrach, and M. Daniyal. 2021. Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy? Phytother. Res. 35 (4):1908–24. doi:10.1002/ptr.6935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brasil. 2009. Ministério Da Saúde. Portal Da Saúde: Programa Nacional De Plantas Medicinais E Fitoterápicos. Accessed on 22 May 2023. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/programa_nacional_plantas_medicinais_fitoterapicos.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Canedo, A., L. W. O. Jesus, E. F. L. C. Bailão, and T. L. Rocha. 2021. Micronucleus test and nuclear abnormality assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Past, present, and future trends. Environ. Pollut. 290:118019. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, P. C., E. A. Santos, B. U. C. Schneider, R. Matuo, J. R. Pesarini, A. L. Cunha-Laura, A. C. D. Monreal, D. P. Lima, A. C. M. B. Antoniolli, and R. J. Oliveira. 2015. Diaryl sulfide analogs of combretastatin A-4: Toxicogenetic, immunomodulatory and apoptotic evaluations and prospects for use as a new chemotherapeutic drug. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 40 (3):715–21. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corso, C. R., M. C. Stipp, E. R. Adami, L. M. Silva, M. Mariott, S. F. Andrade, E. A. S. Ramos, G. Klassen, O. C. Beltrame, J. E. Queiroz-Telles, et al. 2019. Salvia lachnostachys Benth has antitumor and chemopreventive effects against solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Mol. Biol. Rep. 46 (5):4827–41. doi:10.1007/s11033-019-04931-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, D. B., H. L. L. C. Coelho, and D. B. Santos. 2017. Utilização de medicamentos antes e durante a gestação: prevalência e fatores associados [Use of medication before and during pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors]. Cad. Saude Publica. 33 (2):e00126215. doi:10.1590/0102-311x00126215.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Damasceno, D. C., W. G. Kempinas, G. T. Volpato, and M. Consoni. 2008. Anomalias Congênitas: Estudos Experimentais [Congenital Anomalies: Experimental Studies]. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Coopmed Editora Médica.
   Google Scholar
• Damasceno, D. C., G. T. Volpato, O. C. Person, A. Yoshida, M. V. C. Rudge, and I. M. P. Calderon. 2002. Efeito do ácido acetilsalicílico na performance reprodutiva e na prole de ratas wistar [Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on reproductive performance and offspring of wistar rats]. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 48 (4):312–16. doi:10.1590/S0104-42302002000400036.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferreira, P. M. P., D. D. R. Arcanjo, and S. P. Peron. 2023. Drug development, Brazilian diversity and political choices: Where are we heading? J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 26 (5):257–74. doi:10.1080/10937404.2023.2193762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasparetto, A., T. F. Lapinski, S. R. Zamuner, S. Khouri, L. P. Alves, E. Munin, and M. J. Salvador. 2010. Extracts from Alternanthera maritima as natural photosensitizers in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. 99 (1):15–20. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.01.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes, C., E. L. Lourenço, É. B. Liuti, A. O. Duque, F. Nihi, A. C. Lourenço, T. C. Mendes, A. Gasparotto Junior, and P. R. Dalsenter. 2012. Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of Tropaeolum majus in Wistar rats. J. Ethnopharmacol 142:481–87. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, C. A., N. L. Silva, M. O. Mauro, N. David, A. L. Cunha-Laura, S. A. Auharek, A. C. Monreal, M. C. Vieira, D. B. Silva, F. J. Santos, et al. 2014. Evaluation of mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunomodulatory effects of Annona nutans hydromethanolic fraction on pregnant mice. Genet. Mol. Res. 13:4392–405. PMID: 25036345. doi:10.4238/2014.June.11.3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, C. A., J. M. Siqueira, C. A. Carollo, M. O. Mauro, N. D. Davi, A. L. Cunha-Laura, A. C. D. Monreal, A. H. Castro, L. Fernandes, R. R. Chagas, et al. 2013. Gestational exposure to Byrsonima verbascifolia: Teratogenicity, mutagenicity and immunomodulation evaluation in female Swiss mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 150 (3):843–50. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi, M., T. Kodama, Y. Sofuni, M. Ishidate Jr., and M. Ishidate. 1990. The micronucleus assay with mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes using acridine orange-coated slides. Mutat. Res. Lett 245 (4):245–49. doi:10.1016/0165-7992(90)90153-B.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyacinth, B. M. S., B. L. Sánchez-Ortiz, K. R. T. Picanço, A. C. M. Pereira, D. C. S. Hyacinth, G. C. Souza, R. D. S. F. R. Sarquis, G. M. G. Aduanga, A. Navarrete, and J. C. T. Carvalho. 2020. Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec.: A medicinal plant for gynecological treatments - a reproductive toxicity assessment in zebrafish Danio rerio. J. Ethnopharmacol. 250:112457. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa, R. B., J. M. Vani, S. C. D. Neves, A. P. M. Rabacow, C. A. L. Kassuya, J. Croda, C. A. L. Cardoso, A. C. D. F. Monreal, A. C. M. B. Antoniolli, A. L. Cunha-Laura, et al. 2018. The safe use of Doliocarpus dentatus in the gestational period: Absence of changes in maternal reproductive performance, embryo-fetal development and DNA integrity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 217:1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kan, P. C., D. W. Barnett, and I. D. Douglas. 2019. Herbal medicines and pregnancy; a narrative review and anaesthetic considerations. Anaesth. Intensive Care 47 (3):226–34. doi:10.1177/0310057X19845786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassuya, R. M., E. Santos, F. H. Bosso, T. F. Pedroso, J. V. N. Marinho, M. J. Salvador, A. Gasparotto-Junior, and A. Gasparotto Junior. 2021. Anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extract and 2 ″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin obtained from Alternanthera tenella colla whole plant. Inflammation 44 (4):1540–52. doi:10.1007/s10753-021-01438-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalki, L., S. B. M'Hamed, M. Bennis, A. Chait, and Z. Sokar. 2010. Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of the aqueous extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.) in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol 131:321–25. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandker, S. S., M. Alam, F. Uddin, U. M. Shapla, N. Lubna, T. A. Mazumder, M. S. Hossen, M. Mondal, M. I. Khalil, and N. Karim. 2022. Subchronic toxicity study of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Swiss albino mice having antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. J. Toxicol. 2022:1–12. doi:10.1155/2022/8152820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimmel, C. A., and J. G. Wilson. 1973. Skeletal deviations in rats: Malformations or variations? Teratology 8 (3):309–15. doi:10.1002/tera.1420080311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koolen, H. H., E. M. Pral, S. C. Alfieri, J. V. Marinho, A. F. Serain, A. J. Hernández-Tasco, N. L. Andreazza, and M. J. Salvador. 2017. Antiprotozoal and antioxidant alkaloids from Alternanthera littoralis. Phytochemistry 134:106–13. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luna-Gómez, L. S., I. Santiago-Roque, Y. A. Gheno-Heredia, A. A. Corona-Morales, and V. E. Bolado-García. 2020. Teratogenic effects of Bocconia frutescens L. J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis. 11 (4):415–18. doi:10.1017/S2040174419000461.
   Google Scholar
• Macedo, E. V. 2009. Gemal AL A produção de fitomedicamentos e a Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos. Rev. Bras. Fazenda 90:290–97.
   Google Scholar
• Maciel, M. D., L. C. L. Inocencio, M. S. Rechsteiner, B. C. Jorge, P. S. Balin, R. M. Kassuya, S. C. Heredia-Vieira, C. A. L. Cardoso, M. C. Vieira, C. A. L. Kassuya, et al. 2019. Effects of exposure to ethanolic extract from Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. flowers on reproductive and developmental parameters in Wistar rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 82 (5):321–30. doi:10.1080/15287394.2019.1593904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manson, J. M., and Y. J. Kang. 1994. Test methods for assessing female reproductive and developmental toxicology. In Principles and Methods of Toxicology, ed. A. W. Hayes, pp. 679–89. 3rd ed. New York: Raven Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marmitt, D. J., S. Bitencourt, G. R. da Silva, C. Rempel, and M. I. Goettert. 2021. Traditional plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials—A systematic review. Phytother. Res. 35(10):5647–67. doi:10.1002/ptr.7202. Epub 2021 Jun 24. PMID: 34165846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes-Souza, R. Q., T. S. Soares, N. O. L. Carmo, D. C. Damasceno, K. E. Campos, and G. T. Volpato. 2017. Adverse effects of Croton urucurana B. exposure during rat pregnancy. J. Ethnopharmacol. 199:328–33. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro, S. D., A. Beatriz, A. Meza, J. R. Pesarini, R. D. A. S. Gomes, C. B. Karaziack, A. L. Cunha-Laura, A. C. Monreal, W. Romão, V. L. Júnior, et al. 2014. A new synthetic resorcinolic lipid 3-heptyl-3,4,6-trimethoxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one: Evaluation of toxicology and ability to potentiate the mutagenic and apoptotic effects of cyclophosphamide. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 75:132–42. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro, S. D., L. R. Pessatto, A. Meza, E. J. T. Oliveira, S. A. Auharek, L. C. Vilela, D. P. Lima, R. B. Azevedo, C. A. L. Kassuya, O. I. A. Cáceres, et al. 2018. Resorcinolic lipid 3-heptyl-3,4,6-trimethoxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one is a strategy for melanoma treatment. Life Sci. 15:300–12. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.022.
   Google Scholar
• Nunes, R. C. S., S. C. D. Neves, F. R. Salustriano, M. L. B. Vilela, V. A. D. Nascimento, K. Arunachalam, R. D. S. Gomes, C. A. L. Kassuya, J. D. S. Mota, and R. J. Oliveira. 2023. The ethanolic extract of Piper glabratum Kunth is teratogenic and interferes with the ossification process of Swiss mice fetuses. Pharmaceuticals. 16(3):430. doi:10.3390/ph16030430. PMID: 36986529; PMCID: PMC10051201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2018. Test No. 414: Prenatal developmental toxicity study. Accessed on 27 May 2023. https://www.oecd.org/env/ehs/testing/E414_2001.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R. J., T. Y. N. Kanno, M. J. S. Salles, O. A. C. S. Lourenã, L. R. Ribeiro, G. A. Freira, H. J. O. Matiazi, M. S. Mantovani, and A. F. Silva. 2009. Effects of the polysaccharide β-glucan on clastogenicity and teratogenicity caused by acute exposure to cyclophosphamide in mice. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 53 (3):164–73. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R. J., M. S. Mantovani, J. R. Pesarini, M. O. Mauro, A. F. Silva, T. R. Souza, and L. R. Ribeiro. 2015a. 6-Dimethylaminopurine and cyclohexamide are mutagenic and alter reproductive performance and intrauterine development in vivo. Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (1):834–49. doi:10.4238/2015.February.2.8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R. J., S. D. Navarro, D. P. Lima, A. Meza, J. R. Pesarini, R. S. Gomes, C. B. Karaziack, M. M. Oliveira, A. L. Cunha-Laura, A. C. D. Monreal, et al. 2015b. A novel cytosporone 3-Heptyl-4,6-dihydroxy-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one: Synthesis; toxicological, apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties; and potentiation of mutagenic damage. BMC Cancer. 15(1):1–15. doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1532-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliveira, R. J., F. P. A. N. Pereira, I. O. M. F. D. Silveira, R. V. Lima, C. R. Berno, J. R. Pesarini, A. C. M. B. Antoniolli-Silva, A. C. D. Monreal, B. Adilson, D. P. Lima, et al. 2019. Assessment of the toxicogenic effects and cell death potential of the ester (Z)-methyl4-((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)-4-oxobut-2-anoate in combination with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. Genet. Mol. Res. 42(2):399–410. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2017-0279.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, E. J. T., L. R. Pessatto, R. O. N. Freitas, B. I. Pelizaro, A. P. M. Rabacow, J. M. Vani, A. C. D. Monreal, M. S. Mantovani, R. B. Azevedo, A. C. M. B. Antoniolli-Silva, et al. 2018. New Bis copper complex (Z)-4-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoyl)oxy): Cytotoxicity in 4T1 cells and their toxicogenic potential in Swiss mice. Toxicol. App. l Pharmacol 356:127–38. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, R. J., N. C. L. Santos, J. R. Pesarini, B. C. Oliveira, C. R. Berno, F. H. S. Araújo, I. O. M. F. Silveira, R. O. Nascimento, A. C. M. B. Antoniolli-Silva, A. C. D. Monreal, et al. 2018. Assessment of genetic integrity, splenic phagocytosis and cell death potential of Z)-4-((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid and its effect when combined with commercial chemotherapeutics. Genet. Mol. Biol. 41(1):154–66. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2017-0091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz, H. C., S. C. Das Neves, C. A. L. Kassuya, H. R. S. Coelho, A. C. F. Martins, M. L. B. Vilela, V. A. Do Nascimento, A. Karuppusamy, M. É. A. Stefanello, R. J. Oliveira, et al. 2023. The ethanolic extract of Salvia lachnostachys Benth is not maternotoxic, does not alter reproductive performance, but has teratogenic potential. BMC Complement Med. Ther 23 (1):145. doi:10.1186/s12906-023-03953-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paula, V., G. L. L. Cruz, L. B. Sena, T. B. Gratao, T. S. Soares, R. Q. Damasceno, G. T. Volpato, and G. T. Volpato. 2020. Maternal-fetal reprecussions of Phyllanthus nirini L. treatment during rat pregnancy. J. Ethanopharmacol. 254:112728. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pessatto, L. R., S. A. Auharek, C. A. Gonçalves, N. David, A. C. Monreal, C. A. Kassuya, A. C. Antoniolli-Silva, M. É. Stefanello, and R. J. Oliveira. 2017. Effects of dichloromethane and butanol fractions of Gochnatia polymorpha floccosa in maternal reproductive outcome, embryo-fetal development and DNA integrity in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 200:205–08. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman, S., A. Dambros, A. Rosset, M. Pistore, A. Schimid, and R. Cansian. 2014. Toxicidade materna e reprodutiva de extrato hidroalcoólico de Sonchus oleraceus L. em ratos wistar. Rev. Perspect. 38:69–77.
   Google Scholar
• Salustriano, F. R., A. C. D. Monreal, S. C. Das Neves, G. M. de Oliveira, D. D. M. de Oliveira, M. L. B. Vilela, V. A. Do Nascimento, A. C. F. Martins, B. Saroja, A. Karuppusamy, et al. 2022. The ethanolic extract of Gomphrena celosioides Mart. does not alter reproductive performance or embryo-fetal development, nor does it cause chromosomal damage. Pharmaceutics 14 (11):2369. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14112369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador, M. J., and D. A. Dias. 2004. Flavone C-glycosides from Alternanthera maritima (Mart.) St. Hil. (Amaranthaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 32 (1):107–10. doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(03)00180-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador, M. J., P. S. Pereira, S. C. França, R. C. Candido, I. Y. Ito, and D. A. Dias. 2004a. Comparative study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of callus culture and adult plants extracts from Alternanthera maritima (Amaranthaceae). Braz. J. Microbiol. 35 (1–2):131–36. doi:10.1590/S1517-83822004000100022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador, M. J., O. L. A. D. Zucchi, R. C. Candido, I. Y. Ito, and D. A. Dias. 2004b. In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and isolated constituents of Alternanthera maritima. Pharm Biol. 42 (2):138–48. doi:10.1080/13880200490511954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samudrala, P. K., B. B. Augustine, E. R. Kasala, L. N. Bodduluru, C. Barua, and M. Lahkar. 2015. Evaluation of antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Alternanthera brasiliana against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Pharmacognosy Res. 7 (1):66–73. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.147211.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santos Radai, J. A., F. Silva Graciani, C. R. Berno, M. M. Leitao, E. P. Dos Santos, R. J. Oliveira, and C. A. L. Kassuya. 2018. Genetic toxicological assessment and anti-arthritic effects of an ethanolic extract obtained from Saliva lachnostachys Bentha leaves in mice. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 92:239–44. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartori, A. S., C. B. Hollenbach, L. H. Jardim, P. Silva, F. B. Mello, and J. R. B. Mello. 2020. Avaliação da toxicidade pré-natal: estudo de teratogenicidade do inseticida piriproxifeno em ratos Wistar [Assessment of prenatal toxicity: teratogenicity study of the insecticide pyriproxyfen in Wistar rats]. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec 72 (3):719–28. doi:10.1590/1678-4162-11251.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, B. U. C., A. Meza, A. Beatriz, J. R. Pesarini, P. C. D. Carvalho, M. D. O. Mauro, C. B. Karaziack, A. L. Cunha-Laura, A. C. D. Monreal, R. Matuo, et al. 2016. Cardanol: Toxicogenetic assessment and its effects when combined with cyclophosphamide. Genet. Mol. Biol. 39(2):279–89. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senna, L. R. 2020. Alternanthera in Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed on 17 June 2023. https://floradobrasil2020.jbrj.gov.br/FB15401.
   Google Scholar
• Senna, L. R., N. B. N. Monção, R. R. S. de Farias, A. M. D. G. L. Citó, M. H. Chaves, M. R. S. D. Araújo, D. J. B. Lima, C. Pessoa, A. D. Lima, and E. C. D. C. Araújo. 2020. Toxicological, chemopreventive and cytotoxic potentialities of rare vegetal species and supporting findings for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 83 (13–14):525–45. doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1780658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singla, R. K., V. Dhir, R. Madaan, D. Kumar, S. S. Bola, M. Bansal, S. Kumar, A. K. Dubey, S. Singla, and B. Shen. 2022. The genus Alternanthera: Phytochemical and ethnopharmacological perspectives. Front Pharmacol. 13:769111. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.769111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, T. S., D. C. Damasceno, W. D. E. G. Kempinas, F. M. Resende, M. A. C. Santos, C. A. Hiruma-Lima, and G. T. Volpato. 2015. Effect of Himatanthus sucuuba in maternal reproductive outcome and fetal anomaly frequency in rats. Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 104 (5):190–95. doi:10.1002/bdrb.21152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soulimane-Mokhtari, N. A., B. Guermouche, A. Yessoufou, M. Saker, K. Moutairou, A. Hichami, H. Merzouk, and N. A. Khan. 2005. Modulation of lipid metabolism byn−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. Clin. Sci. 109 (3):287–95. doi:10.1042/CS20050028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza, J. G., R. T. Tomei, A. Kanashiro, L. M. Kabeya, A. E. Azzolini, D. A. Dias, M. J. Salvador, and Y. M. Lucisano-Valim. 2007. Ethanolic crude extract and flavonoids isolated from Alternanthera maritima: Neutrophil chemiluminescence inhibition and free radical scavenging activity. Z. Naturforsch C.J. Bioscience 62 (5–6):339–47. doi:10.1515/znc-2007-5-604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staples, R. E., and V. L. Schnell. 1964. Refinements in rapid clearing technic in the koh-alizarin red s method for fetal bone. Stain Technol. 39:61–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein, J., B. C. Jorge, A. C. Casali Reis, J. A. Santos Radai, S. da Silva Moreira, T. L. Fraga, J. da Silva Mota, R. J. Oliveira, C. A. L. Kassuya, and A. C. Arena. 2022. Evaluation of the safety of ethanolic extract from Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae) leaves in vivo: Subacute toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 129:105118. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. 1986. Practical teratology. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Teng, C., J. Jia, Z. Wang, V. K. Sharma, and B. Yan. 2019. Size-dependent maternal-fetal transfer and fetal developmental toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles after oral exposures in pregnant mice. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf 182:109439. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyl, R. W., N. Chernoff, and J. M. Rogers. 2007. Altered axial skeletal development. Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 80:451–72. doi:10.1002/bdrb.20134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vani, J. M., M. F. T. D. Monreal, S. A. Auharek, A. L. Cunha-Laura, E. J. de Arruda, A. R. Limsa, C. M. da Silva, A. C. M. B. Antonolli-Silva, D. P. Lima, A. Beatriz, et al. 2018. The mixture of cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil results in an efficient larvicide against Aedes aegyppti that does not alter embryo-fetal development, reproductive performance or DNA integrity. PLos One 13 (3):e0193509. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpato, G. T., L. A. Francia-Farje, D. C. Damasceno, R. V. Oliveira, C. A. Hiruma-Lima, and W. G. Kempinas. 2015. Effect of essential oil from Citrus aurantium in maternal reproductive outcome and fetal anomaly frequency in rats. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 87 (1):407–15. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201520140354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. G. 1965. Methods for administering agents and detecting malformation in experimental animal. In Teratology: Principles and techniques, ed. J. C. Wilson and J. Warkany, pp. 262–77. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wise, L. D., S. L. Beck, D. Beltrame, B. K. Beyer, I. Chahoud, R. L. Clark, R. Clark, A. M. Druga, M. H. Feuston, P. Guittin, et al. 1997. Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals version 1. Teratology. 55(4):249–92. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199704)55:4<249:AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-W.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar