Effects of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate air pollution on all-cause mortality in Taiwan

References

• Ahmad, O. E., C. Boschi-Pinto, A. D. Lopez, C. J. L. Murray, R. Lozano, and M. Inoue. 2000. Age standardization of rates: A new WHO standard. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Aryal, A., A. C. Harmon, and T. R. Dugas. 2021. Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention. Pharmacol. Ther. 223:107890. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, R. W., S. Kang, H. R. Anderson, I. C. Mills, and H. A. Walton. 2014. Epidemiologic time series studies of PM2.5 and daily mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 69:660–65. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballester, F., S. Medina, E. Boldo, P. Goodman, M. Neuberger, C. Iniguez, and N. Kunzli. 2008. Reducing ambient levels of fine particulates could substantially improve health: A mortality impact assessment for 26 European cities. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 62:98–105. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.059857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beelen, R., O. Raaschou-Nielsen, M. Stafoggia, Z. J. Andersen, G. Weinmayr, B. Hoffmann, K. Wolf, E. Samoli, P. Fischer, M. Nieuwenhuijsen et al. 2014. Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: An analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project. Lancet. 383(9919):785–95. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62158-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook, R. D., S. Cakmak, M. C. Turner, J. R. Brook, D. L. Crouse, P. A. Peters, A. V. Donkelaar, P. J. Villeneuve, O. Brion, M. Jerrett, et al. 2013. Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and mortality from diabetes in Canada. Biointerf. Diabet Care. 36(10):3313–20. doi:10.2337/dc12-2189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H., R. T. Burnett, J. C. Kwong, P. J. Villeneuve, M. S. Goldberg, R. D. Brook, A. van Donkelaar, M. Jerrett, R. V. Martin, J. R. Brook et al. 2013. Risk of incident diabetes in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter in Ontario, Canada. Environ. Health Perspect. 121(7):804. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. C., P. S. Chen, and C. Y. Yang. 2019. Relationship between fine particulate air pollution and life expectancy in humans in Taiwan. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 82:826–32. doi:10.1080/15287394.2019.1658386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, T. Y., C. P. Wen, M. C. Tsai, and S. P. Tsai. 2003. The current status of smoking behavior in Taiwan: Data analysis from national health interview survey in 2001. Taiwan J. Public Health 22:453–64.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J., and G. Hoek. 2020. Long-term exposure to PM and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Int 143:105974. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, B., and H. Kan. 2008. Air pollution and population health: A global challenge. Environ. Health Prev Med 13 (2):94–101. doi:10.1007/s12199-007-0018-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiu, H. F., M. H. Cheng, S. S. Tsai, T. N. Wu, H. W. Kuo, and C. Y. Yang. 2006. Outdoor air pollution and female lung cancer in Taiwan. Inhal. Toxicol 18 (13):1025–31. doi:10.1080/08958370600904561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouse, D. I., P. A. Peters, A. van Donkelaar, M. S. Goldberg, P. J. Villeneuve, O. Brion, S. Khan, D. O. Atari, M. Jerrett, C. A. Pope, et al. 2012. Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: A Canadian national-level cohort study. Environ. Health Perspect. 120:708–14. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominici, F., M. Greenstone, and C. R. Sunstein. 2014. Science and regulation. Particulate matter matters. Science 344 (6181):257–59. doi:10.1126/science.1247348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper, N. R., and H. Smith. 1998. Applied regression analysis. New York: Wiley-Interscience Publication. doi:10.1002/9781118625590.
   Google Scholar
• Fann, N., S. Y. Kim, C. Olives, and L. Sheppard. 2017. Estimated changes in life expectancy and adult mortality resulting from declining PM2.5 exposures in the contiguous United States: 1980- 2010. Environ. Health Perspect. 125:097003. doi:10.1289/EHP507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Burden of Disease Collaborative network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). 2020. Results. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool.
   Google Scholar
• Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. 2015. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 cause acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the global Burden of disease study 2013. Lancet 386 (7):43–800.
   Google Scholar
• Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Diet Collaborators (GBD 2017). 2019. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the global Burden of disease study 2017. Lancet 393:1958–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Cancer Risk Factors Collaborators. 2022a. The global burden of cancer attributal to risk factors, 2010-19: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 400:563–91. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Diabetes and Air Pollution Collaborators. 2022b. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: An analysis of data from the global Burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. Planet Health 6:e586–e600. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00122-X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo, C., S. Lv, Y. Liu, and Y. Li. 2022. Biomarkers for the adverse effects on respiratory system health associated with atmospheric particulate matter exposure. J. Hazard. Mater. 421:126760. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajat, A., C. Hsia, and M. S. O’Neill. 2015. Socioeconomic disparities and air pollution exposure: A global review. 2015. Curr. Environ. Health Rep 2:440–50. doi:10.1007/s40572-015-0069-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hung, L. J., T. F. Chan, C. H. Wu, H. F. Chiu, and C. Y. Yang. 2012. Traffic air pollution and risk of death from ovarian cancer in Taiwan: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as a proxy marker. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 75 (3):174–82. doi:10.1080/15287394.2012.641200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung, L. J., S. S. Tsai, P. S. Chen, Y. H. Yang, S. H. Liou, T. N. Wu, and C. Y. Yang. 2012. Traffic air pollution and risk of death from breast cancer in Taiwan: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as a proxy marker. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 12 (2):275–82. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2011.09.0155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juginovic, A., M. Vukovic, I. Aranza, and V. Bilos. 2021. Health impacts of air pollution exposure from 1990 to 2019 in 43 European countries. Sci. Rep 11 (1):22516. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01802-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. H., E. Kabir, and S. A. Kabir. 2015. A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environ. Int 74:136–43. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloog, I., B. Ridgway, P. Koutrakis, B. A. Coull, and J. D. Schwartz. 2013. Long- and short-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality: Using novel exposure models. Epidemiology 24 (4):555–61. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e318294beaa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, F., Q. Xiao, D. Gu, M. Xu, L. Tian, Q. Guo, Z. Wu, X. Pan, and Y. Liu. 2018. Satellite-based short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and adult mortality in urban Beijing, China. Environ. Pollut. 242:492–99. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C. C., C. C. Chen, T. N. Wu, and C. Y. Yang. 2008. Association of brain cancer with residential exposure to petrochemical air pollution in Taiwan. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 71 (5):310–14. doi:10.1080/15287390701738491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S., Q. Wei, P. Failler, and H. Lan. 2020. Fine particulate air pollution, public service, and under-five mortality: A cross- country empirical study. Healthcare 8 (3):271. doi:10.3390/healthcare8030271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, W. C., R. H. Shie, C. C. Chan, and H. H. Lin. 2017. Burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure in Taiwan. J. Formosan Med. Assoc 116:32–40. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2015.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). 2022. Health and vital statistics: General health statistics. Taipei: MOHW.
   Google Scholar
• Orellano, P., J. Reynoso, N. Quaranta, A. Bardach, and A. Ciapponi. 2020. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause- specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Int 142:105876. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascal, M., M. Corso, O. Chanel, C. Declercq, C. Badaloni, G. Cesaroni, S. Henschel, K. Meister, D. Haluza, P. Martin-Olmedo, et al. 2013. Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: Results of the aphekom project. Sci. Total Environ. 449:390–400. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, C. A., R. T. Burnett, M. J. Thun, E. E. Calle, D. Krewski, K. Ito, and G. D. Thurston. 2002. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 287:1132–41. doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, C. A., M. Ezzati, and D. W. Dockery. 2009. Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. New Engl. J. Med 360:376–86. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0805646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Z. J. Andersen, E. Beelen, M. Samoli, M. Stafoggia, G. Weinmayr, B. Hoffmann, P. Fischer, M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen, B. Brunekreef, et al. 2013. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: Prospective analyses from the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE). Lancet Oncol. 14:813–22. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Z. J. Andersen, M. Hvidberg, S. S. Jensen, M. Ketzel, M. Sorensen, J. Hansen, S. Loft, K. Overvad, and A. Tjønneland. 2011. Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: A Danish cohort study. Environ. Health 10 (1):67. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rafaj, P., G. Kiesewetter, T. Gul, W. Schopp, J. Cofala, Z. Klimont, P. Purohit, C. Heyes, M. Amann, J. Borken-Kleefeld, et al. 2018. Outlook for clean air in the context of sustainable development goals. Glob. Environ. Change 53:1–11. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.08.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, P., J. V. Behren, R. B. Gunier, D. E. Goldberg, A. Hertz, and D. F. Smith. 2003. Childhood cancer incidence rates and hazardous air pollutants in California: An exploratory analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 111 (4):663–68. doi:10.1289/ehp.5986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shkirkova, K., K. Lamorie-Foote, M. Connor, A. Patel, G. Barisano, H. Baertsch, Q. Liu, T. E. Morgan, C. Sioutas, W. J. Mack, et al. 2020. Effects of ambient particulate matter on vascular tissue: A review. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 23:319–50. doi:10.1080/10937404.2020.1822971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidwell, A., S. C. Smith, and C. Roper. 2022. A comparison of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in vivo exposure studies incorporating chemical analysis. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 25:422–44. doi:10.1080/10937404.2022.2142345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurston, G. D., J. Ahn, K. R. Cromar, Y. Shao, H. R. Reynolds, M. Jerrett, C. C. Lim, R. Shanley, Y. Park, R. B. Hayes et al. 2016. Ambient particulate matter air pollution exposure and mortality in the NIH-AARP diet and health cohort. Environ. Health Perspect. 124(4):484–90. doi:10.1289/ehp.1509676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomczak, A., A. B. Miller, S. A. Weichenthal, T. To, A. Martin, R. V. van Donkelaar, D. L. Crouse, P. J. Villeneuve, and P. J. Villeneuve. 2016. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian national breast screening study. Int. J. Cancer 139:1958–66. doi:10.1002/ijc.30255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, S. S., Y. W. Chiu, Y. H. Weng, and C. Y. Yang. 2022. Association between fine particulate air pollution and the risk of death from lung cancer in Taiwan. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 85:431–38. doi:10.1080/15287394.2022.2040672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, S. S., and C. Y. Yang. 2023. Health benefits of reducing ambient levels of fine particulate matter: A mortality impact assessment in Taiwan. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 86 (18):653–60. doi:10.1080/15287394.2023.2233985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng, C. H., B. J. Tsuang, C. J. Chiang, K. C. Ku, J. S. Tseng, T. Y. Yang, K. H. Hsu, K. C. Chen, S.-L. Yu, W.-C. Lee, et al. 2019. The relationship between air pollution and lung cancer in nonsmokers in Taiwan. J. Thoracic Oncol 14:784–92. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng, E., W. C. Ho, M. H. Lin, T. J. Cheng, P. C. Chen, and H. H. Lin. 2015. Chronic exposure to particulate matter and risk of cardiovascular mortality: Cohort study from Taiwan. Bmc. Public Health 15:936. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2272-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng, G. H., and T. Y. Wu. 1986. Characteristics of urbanization levels in Taiwan districts. Geogr. Res. 12:287–323.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Y. Wang, H. Xu, Y. Zhao, and J. D. Marshall. 2022. Ambient air pollution and socioeconomic status in China. Environ. Health Perspect. 130:067001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2006. Air quality guidelines: Global update 2005: Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Copenhagen: Regional office for Europe, WHO.
   Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 2020. The top 10 causes of deaths. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016. The cost of air pollution: Strengthening the economic case for action. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25013.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, C. Y. 1998. Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 29 (2):411–14. doi:10.1161/01.STR.29.2.411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, C. Y., and Y. L. Hsieh. 1998. The relationship between population density and cancer mortality in Taiwan. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 89 (4):355–60. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00571.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang, X., F. Liang, J. Li, J. Chen, F. Liu, K. Huang, J. Cao, S. Chen, Q. Xiao, X. Liu, et al. 2020. Associations of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 with mortality in Chinese adults: A pooled analysis of cohorts in the China-PAR project. Environ. Int 138:105589. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, P., M. Brauer, A. J. Cohen, H. Wang, J. Li, R. T. Burnett, J. D. Stanaway, K. Causey, S. Larson, W. Godwin, et al. 2020. The effect of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life expectancy across China and its provinces, 1990–2017: An analysis for the global Burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. Planet Health 4:e386–e98. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30161-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou, B., P. Perel, G. A. Mensah, and M. Ezzati. 2021. Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Nat. Rev. Cardiol 18 (11):785–802. doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar