Absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through human skin: Differences between anatomical sites and individuals

References

• Clonfero , E. , Zordan , M. , Venier , P. , Paloelogo , M. , Levis , A. G. , Cottica , D. , Pozzoli , L , Jongeneelen , F. J. , Bos , R. P. and Anzion , B. M. 1989 . Biological monitoring of human exposure to coal tar. Urinary excretion of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 1‐hydroxypyrene and mutagens in psoriatric patients . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 61 : 363 – 368 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dankovic , D. A. , Wright , C. W. , Zangar , R. C. and Springer , D. L. 1989 . Complex mixture effects on the dermal absorption of benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from mouse skin . J. Appl. Toxicol. , 9 (4) : 239 – 244 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feldmann , R. J. and Maibach , H. I. 1967 . Regional variation in percutaneous penetration of [14C]cortisol in man . J. Invest. Dermatol. , 48 : 181 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guy , R. H. and Maibach , H. I. 1985 . “ Calculations of body exposure from percutaneous absorption data ” . In Percutaneous Absorption , Edited by: Bronaugh , R. L. and Maibach , H. I. 461 – 466 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Herbert , R. , Marcus , M. , Wolff , M. S. , Perera , F. P. , Andrews , L , Godbold , J. H. , Rivera , M. , Stefanidis , M. , Quing Lu , X. , Landrigan , P. J. and Santella , R. M. 1990 . Detection of adducts of deoxyribonucleic acid in white blood cells of roofers by 32P‐postlabeling . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 16 : 135 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jach , Z. and Masek , V. 1973 . Elimination of benzo(a)pyrene from the underwear worn by workers in a pitch manufacturing plant . Zentralbl. Arbeitsmed. , 23 : 143 – 148 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacob , J. , Brune , H. , Gettbarn , G. , Grimmer , D. , Heinrich , U. , Mohtashamipur , E. , Norpoth , K. , Pott , F. and Wenzel‐Hartung , R. 1989 . Urinary and faecal excretion of pyrene and hydroxy‐pyrene by rats after oral, intraperitoneal, intratracheal or intrapulmonary application . Cancer Lett. , 46 : 15 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jongeneelen , F. J. 1987 . “ Interindividual differences in hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene in human liver preparations ” . In Biological Monitoring of Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , 31 – 47 . Nijmegen, , The Netherlands : Scientific Publishers . Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Jongeneelen , F. J. , Anzion , R. B. M. and Henderson , P. T. 1987 . Determination of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine . J. Chromatogr. , 413 (2) : 227 – 232 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jongeneelen , F. J. , Scheepers , P. T. J. , Groenendijk , A. , van Aerts , L. A. G. J. M. , Anzion , R. B. M. , Bos , R. P. and Veenstra , S. J. 1988 . Airborne concentrations, skin contamination, urinary metabolite excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among paving workers exposed to coal tar derived road tars . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 49 : 600 – 607 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandus , J. , Masek , V. and Jach , Z. 1972 . Determination of the content of benzo(a)pyrene of workers clothes and underclothing in a pitch manufacturing plant . Zentralbl. Arbeitsmed. , 22 : 138 – 141 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kao , J. , Patterson , F. K. and Hall , J. 1985 . Skin penetration and metabolism of topically applied chemicals in six mammalian species, including man: An in vitro study with benzo(a)pyrene and testosterone . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 81 : 502 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao , J. , Hall , J. and Helman , G. 1988 . In vitro percutaneous absorption in mouse skin: Influence of skin appendages . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 94 : 93 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maibach , H. I. , Feldmann , R. J. , Milby , T. H. and Serat , W. F. 1971 . Regional variation in percutaneous penetration in man—Pesticides . Arch. Environ. Health , 23 : 208 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nesnow , S. , Triplett , L. L. and Slaga , T. J. 1983 . Mouse skin tumor initiation‐promotion and complete carcinogenesis bioassays: Mechanisms and biological activities of emission samples . Environ. Health Perspect. , 47 : 255 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng , K. M. E. , Chu , I. , Bronaugh , R. L. , Franklin , C. A. and Somers , D. A. 1991 . Percutaneous absorption/metabolism of phenanthrene in the hairless guinea pig: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo results . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 16 : 517 – 524 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Randerath , E. , Mittal , D. and Randerath , K. 1988 . Tissue distribution of covalent DNA damage in mice treated dermally with cigarette ‘tar’: Preference for lung and heart DNA . Carcinogenis , 9 (1) : 75 – 80 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rougier , A. , Dupuis , D. , Lotte , C. , Roguet , R. , Wester , R. C. and Maibach , H. I. 1986 . Regional variation in percutaneous absorption in man: Measurement by the stripping method . Arch. Dermatol. Res. , 278 : 465 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rougier , A. , Lotte , C. , Corcutt , P. and Maibach , H. I. 1988 . Relationship between skin permeability and corneocyte size according to anatomic site, age, and sex in man . J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. , 39 : 15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , T. A. , Yang , J. J. and Czerwinski , M. H. 1987 . “ Evaluating the percutaneous absorption of polynuclear aromatics using in vivo and in vitro techniques and structure relationships ” . In Alternative Methods in Toxicology, volume 5. In Vitro Toxicology: Approaches to Validation , Edited by: Goldberg , A. M. and Principe , M. L. volume 5 , 417 – 482 . New York : Mary Ann Liebert .
   Google Scholar
• Scheuplein , R. J. and Blank , I. H. 1971 . Permeability of the skin . Physiol. Rev. , 51 : 702 – 747 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheuplein , R. J. and Bronaugh , R. L. 1983 . “ Percutaneous absorption ” . In Biochemistry and Physiology of the Skin , Edited by: Goldsmith , L. A. 1255 – 1295 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schoket , B. , Hewer , A. , Graver , P. L. and Phillips , D. H. 1988 . Covalent binding of components of coal‐tar, creosote and bitumen to the DNA of the skin and lungs of mice following topical application . Carcinogenis , 9 (7) : 1253 – 1258 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Storer , J. S. , Deleon , I. , Millikan , L. E. , Laseter , J. L. and Griffing , G. 1984 . Human absorption of crude coal tar products . Arch. Dermatol. , 120 : 874 – 877 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storm , J. E. , Collier , S. W. , Stewart , R. F. and Bronaugh , R. L. 1990 . Metabolism of xenobiotics during percutaneous penetration: Role of absorption rate and cutaneous enzyme activity . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 15 : 132 – 141 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VanRooij , J. G. M. , Bodelier‐Bade , M. M. , De Looff , A. J. A. , Dijkmans , A. P. G. and Jongeneelen , F. J. 1992 . Dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among primary aluminum workers . Med. Lav. , 83 (5) : 519 – 529 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VanRooij , J. G. M. , Bodelier‐Bade , M. M. and Jongeneelen , F. J. 1993 . Estimation of the individual dermal and respiratory uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 12 coke‐oven workers . Br. J. Ind. Med. , in press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vo‐Dinh , T. and Gammage , R. B. 1981 . The lightpipe luminoscope for monitoring occupational skin contamination . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 42 : 112 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wester , R. C. and Maibach , H. I. 1983 . Cutaneous pharmacokinetics: 10 Steps to percutaneous absorption . Drug Metab. Rev. , 14 : 169 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wester , R. C. , Noonan , P. K. and Maibach , H. I. 1980 . Variation in percutaneous absorption of testosterone in the rhesus monkey due to anatomical site of application and frequency of application . Arch. Dermatol. Res. , 267 : 229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff , M. S. , Taffe , B. , Boesch , R. R. and Selikoff , I. J. 1982 . Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in skin oil obtained from roofing workers . Chemosphere , 11 : 337 – 347 .
   Google Scholar