References
- Boren , H. C. 1964 . Carbon as a carrier mechanism for irritant gases . Arch. Environ. Health , 8 : 127 – 132 .
- Butler , J. D. 1979 . Air Pollution Chemistry , 267 – 315 . New York : Academic Press .
- Canning , B. J. , Hmieleski , R. R. , Spannhake , E. W. and Jakab , G. J. 1991 . Ozone reduces murine alveolar and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis: The role of prostandoids . Am. J. Physiol , 261 : L277 – L282 .
- Cantrell , C. A. , Stedman , D. H. and Wendel , G. J. 1984 . Measurement of atmospheric peroxy radicals by chemical amplification . Anal. Chem. , 56 : 1496 – 1502 .
- Crosbie , W. A. 1986 . The respiratory health of carbon black workers . Arch. Environ. Health , 41 : 346 – 353 .
- Egle , J. L. 1972 . Retention of inhaled formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and acrolein in the dog . Arch. Environ. Health , 25 : 119 – 124 .
- Fubini , B. , Bolis , V. , Giamello , E. , Pugliese , L. and Volante , M. 1989 . “ The formation of oxygen reactive radicals at the surface of the crushed quartz dusts as a possible cause of silica pathogenicity ” . In Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells , Edited by: Mossmann , T. 205 – 214 . Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer‐Verlag .
- Gilmour , M. I. , Hmieleski , R. R. , Stafford , E. A. and Jakab , G. J. 1991 . Suppression and recovery of the alveolar macrophage phagocytic system during continuous exposure to 0.05 ppm ozone . Exp. Lung Res. , 17 : 547 – 558 .
- Hemenway , D. R. , Jakab , G. J. , Hmieleski , R. B. , Risby , T. H. , Sehnert , S. S. and Bowes , S. 1990 . A nose‐only inhalation exposure chamber system using a fluidized bed generation system for the generation of co‐exposures to carbon black and formaldehyde . Inhal. Toxicol. , 2 : 69 – 89 .
- Henderson , R. F. and Schlesinger , R. B. 1989 . Symposium on the importance of combined exposures in inhalation toxicology . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 12 : 1 – 11 .
- Hinners , R. G. , Burkhart , J. K. and Contner , G. L. 1966 . Animal exposure chambers in air pollution studies . Arch. Environ. Health , 13 : 609 – 615 .
- Jakab , G. J. 1992 . Relationship between carbon black particulate‐bound formaldehyde, pulmonary antibacterial defenses, and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis . Inhal. Toxicol. , 4 : 325 – 342 .
- Jakab , G. J. and Hemenway , D. R. 1989 . Restraint of animals required for nose‐only inhalation toxicologic studies induces stress which suppresses pulmonary antibacterial defense . Inhal. Toxicol. , 1 : 289 – 300 .
- Jakab , G. J. and Hemenway , D. R. 1993 . Inhalation coexposure to carbon black and acrolein suppresses alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and TNF‐a release and modulates peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis . Inhal. Toxicol. , 5 : 265 – 279 .
- John , W. and Reischl , G. 1980 . A cyclone for size selective sampling of ambient air . J. Air. Pollut. Control. Assoc. , 30 : 872 – 876 .
- Morrow , P. E. 1992 . Dust overload of the lungs: Update and appraisal . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 113 : 1 – 12 .
- National Research Council . 1988 . Complex Mixtures. Methods for In Vivo Toxicity Testing , Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
- National Research Council . 1992 . Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution , 109 – 162 . Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
- Nau , C. A. , Neal , J. , Stembridge , V. A. and Cooley , R. N. 1962 . Physiological effects of carbon black. IV. Inhalation . Arch. Environ. Health , 4 : 45 – 61 .
- Pryor , W. A. 1992 . Biological effects of cigarette smoke, wood smoke, and smoke from plastics: the use of electron spin resonance . Free Radical Biol. Med. , 14 : 659 – 676 .
- Rivin , D. 1986 . “ Carbon black ” . In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , Edited by: Hutziger , O. vol. 3 , 100 – 158 . Berlin : Springer‐Verlag . /part D
- Rivin , D. and Medalia , A. I. 1983 . “ A comparative study of soot and carbon black ” . In Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties , Edited by: Lahaye , J. and Prado , G. 25 – 35 . New York : Plenum Press .
- Sagal , M. , Saito , H. , Ichinose , T. , Kodama , M. and Mori , Y. 1993 . Biologic effects of diesel exhaust particles. I. In vitro production of superoxide and in vivo toxicity in mouse . Free Radical Biol. Med. , 14 : 37 – 47 .
- Uragoda , C. G. 1989 . Clinical and radiographic study of activated carbon workers . Thorax , 44 : 303 – 304 .
- Warr , G. A. , Jakab , G. J. and Hearst , J. E. 1979 . Alterations in lung macrophage immune receptor(s) activity associated with viral pneumonia . J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. , 26 : 537 – 577 .