49
Views
60
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Immunotoxicity of low level cadmium exposure in fish: An alternative animal model for immunotoxicological studies

, , &
Pages 235-248 | Received 19 Jul 1994, Accepted 11 Oct 1994, Published online: 19 Oct 2009

References

  • Bengtsson , B.‐E. , Bengtsson , A. and Himberg , M. 1985 . Fish deformities and pollution in some Swedish waters . Ambio , 14 : 32 – 35 .
  • Blakley , B. R. 1985 . The effect of cadmium chloride on the immune response in mice . Can. J. Comp. Med. , 49 : 104 – 108 .
  • Bowser , D. H. , Frenkel , K. and Zelikoff , J. T. 1994 . Effects of in vitro nickel exposure on the macrophagemediated immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 52 : 367 – 373 .
  • Brooks , R. R. and Rumsey , D. 1974 . Heavy metals in some New Zealand commercial sea fishes . N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. , 8 : 155 – 166 .
  • Cifone , M. C. , Alesse , E. , DiEugenio , R. , Napolitano , T. , Morrone , S. , Paolini , R. , Santoni , G. and Santoni , A. 1989a . In vivo cadmium treatment alters natural killer activity and large granular lymphocyte number in the rat . Immunopharmacology , 18 : 149 – 156 .
  • Cifone , M. G. , Alesse , E. , Procopio , A. , Paolini , R. , Morrone , S. , DiEugenio , R. , Santoni , C. and Santoni , A. 1989b . Effects of cadmium on lymphocyte activation . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 1011 : 25 – 32 .
  • Corbel , M. J. 1975 . The immune response in fish: A review . J. Fish Biol. , 7 : 539 – 563 .
  • Elasser , M. S. , Roberson , B. S. and Hetrick , F. M. 1986 . Effects of metals on the chemiluminescent response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) phagocytes . Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , 12 : 243 – 250 .
  • Enane , N. A. , Bowser , D. , Frenkel , K. , Squibb , K. S. and Zelikoff , J. T. 1991 . Fish immune response: A biomarker for detecting the effects of cadmium exposure . Proc. Soc. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 12 : 187
  • Greenspan , B. J. and Morrow , P. E. 1984 . The effects of in vitro and aerosol exposures to cadmium on phagocytosis by rat pulmonary macrophages . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 4 : 48 – 57 .
  • Hamilton , S. J. and Mehrle , P. M. 1986 . Metallothionein in fish: Review of its importance in assessing stress from metal contaminants . Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , 115 : 596 – 609 .
  • Hilbertz , U. , Kramer , U. D. , Ruiter , M. and Baginski , B. 1986 . Effects of cadmium and lead on oxidative metabolism and phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages . Toxicology , 39 : 47 – 57 .
  • IARC . 1976 . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risk Chem. Man: Cadmium, nickel, some epoxides, miscellaneous industrial chemicals and general consideration on volatile anesthetics , Vol. II , Lyon, , France : IARC .
  • Johannson‐Sjobeck , M. L. and Larsson , A. 1979 . Effects of inorganic lead on δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and hematological variables in the rainbow trout, Sa/mo gairdneri . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 8 : 319 – 431 .
  • Klaverkamp , J. F. , MacDonald , W. A. , Duncan , D. A. and Wagemann , R. 1984 . “ Metallothionein and acclimation to heavy metals in fish: A review ” . In Contaminant effects on fisheries , Edited by: Cairns , V. W. , Hodson , P. V. and Nriagu , J. O. 99 – 113 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Kotsonis , F. and Klaassen , C. 1977 . Toxicity and distribution of cadmium administered to rats at sub‐lethal doses . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 41 : 667 – 680 .
  • Larsson , A. 1975 . “ Some biochemical effects of cadmium on fish ” . In Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals , Edited by: Koeman , J. H. and Strik , J. J. 3 – 13 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Levy , L. , Vredevoe , D. L. and Cook , G. 1986 . In vitro reversibility of cadmium‐induced inhibition of phagocytosis . Environ. Res. , 41 : 361 – 371 .
  • Loose , L. D. , Silkworth , J. B. and Warrington , D. 1977 . Cadmium‐induced depression of the respiratory burst in mouse pulmonary alveolar macrophages, peritoneal macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 79 : 326 – 332 .
  • Loose , L. D. , Silkworth , J. B. and Simpson , D. W. 1978 . Influence of cadmium on the phagocytic and microbicidal activity of murine peritoneal macrophages, pulmonary alveolar macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils . Infect. Immun. , 22 : 378 – 381 .
  • Malins , D. C. , McCain , B. B. , Brown , D. W. , Chan , S‐L. , Myers , M. S. , Landahl , J. T. , Prohaska , P. C. , Friedman , A. J. , Rhodes , L. D. , Burrows , D. C. , Croniund , W. D. and Hodgins , H. L. 1984 . Chemical pollutants in sediments and diseases of bottom‐dwelling fish in Puget Sound, Washington . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 18 : 705 – 713 .
  • Meyerson , A. L. , Luther , C. W. , Krajewski , J. and Hirres , R. I. 1981 . Pollution in Newark Bay . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 12 : 244 – 250 .
  • Mustafa , M. C. and Cross , C. E. 1971 . Pulmonary alveolar macrophage. Oxidative metabolism of isolated cells and mitochondria and effect of cadmium ion on electron‐ and energy‐transfer reactions . Biochemistry , 10 : 4176 – 4185 .
  • Mustafa , M. C. , Cross , C. E. and Tyler , W. S. 1971 . Interference of cadmium ion with oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages . Arch. Intern. Med. , 127 : 1050 – 1058 .
  • Nathan , C. F. , Murray , H. W. and Cohn , Z. A. 1981 . The macrophage as an effector cell . N. Engl. J. Med. , 152 : 622 – 626 .
  • Olsson , P. and Haux , C. 1986 . Increased hepatic metallothionein content correlated to cadmium accumulation in environmentally exposed perch (Perca fluviatilis) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 9 : 231 – 242 .
  • O'Neill , J. G. 1981a . Effects of intraperitoneal lead and cadmium on the humoral immune response of Salmo trutta . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 42 – 48 .
  • O'Neill , J. G. 1981b . The humoral immune response of Salmo trutta L. and Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to heavy metals . J. Fish Biol. , 19 : 297 – 306 .
  • Parry , R. M. , Chandau , R. C. and Hahani , R. M. 1965 . A rapid and sensitive assay of muramidase . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , 119 : 384 – 386 .
  • Robohm , R. A. 1986 . Paradoxical effects of cadmium exposure on antibacterial antibody responses in two fish species: Inhibition in dinners (Tautogolabrus adspersus) and enhancement in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) . Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , 12 : 251 – 262 .
  • Robohm , R. A. and Nitkowski , M. F. 1976 . “ Physiological response of the cunner ” . In Tautogolabrus adspersus, to cadmium. IV , Effects on the immune system 681 NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF .
  • Salovsky , P. , Shopova , V. , Dancheva , V. , Marev , R. and Pandurska , A. 1993 . Enhancement of the pneumotoxic effect of cadmium acetate by ionizing radiation in the rat . Environ. Health Perspect. , 101 : 269 – 274 .
  • Secombes , C. and Fletcher , T. C. 1992 . The role of phagocytes in the protective mechanisms of fish . Annu. Rev. Fish Dis. , 2 : 253 – 270 .
  • Sjobeck , M. L. , Haux , C. , Larsson , A. and Lithner , G. 1984 . Biochemical and hematological studies on perch, Perca fluviatilis, from the cadmium‐contaminated river Eman . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 8 : 303 – 312 .
  • Squibb , K. S. , Cousins , R. , Silbon , B. and Levin , S. 1976 . Liver and intestinal metallothionein: Functions in acute cadmium toxicity . Exp. Mol. Pathol. , 25 : 163 – 171 .
  • Stelzer , K. J. and Pazdernik , T. L. 1983 . Cadmium‐induced immunotoxicity . Int. J. Immunopharmacol. , 5 : 541 – 548 .
  • Thomas , P. T. , Ratajczak , H. V. , Aranyi , C. , Gibbons , R. and Fenters , J. D. 1985 . Evaluation of host resistance and immune function in cadmium‐exposed mice . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 80 : 446 – 456 .
  • Thuvander , A. 1989 . Cadmium exposure of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson: Effects on immune functions . J. Fish Biol. , 35 : 521 – 529 .
  • Treagan , L. 1975 . Metals and the immune response, a review . Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , 12 : 189 – 198 .
  • Viale , G. and Calamari , D. 1984 . Immune response in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri after long‐term treatment with low levels of Cr, Cd, and Cu . Environ. Pollut. , 35 : 247 – 257 .
  • Weis , J. S. , Weis , P. , Heber , M. and Vaidya , S. 1981 . Methylmercury tolerance of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos from a polluted vs. non‐polluted environment . Mar. Biol. , 65 : 283 – 287 .
  • Zelikoff , J. T. 1993 . Metal pollution‐induced immunomodulation in fish . Annu. Rev. Fish Dis. , 3 : 305 – 325 .
  • Zelikoff , J. T. and Enane , N. A. 1991 . “ Assays used to assess the activation state of rainbow trout peritoneal macrophages ” . In Techniques in fish immunology , Edited by: Stolen , J. S. , Fletcher , T. C. , Anderson , D. P. , Kaattari , S. L. and Rowley , A. F. Vol. 2 , 107 – 124 . Fair Haven, N.J. : SOS Publications .
  • Zelikoff , J. T. , Enane , N. A. , Bowser , D. , Squibb , K. S. and Frenkel , K. 1991 . Development of fish peritoneal macrophages as a model for higher vertebrates in immunotoxicological studies. I. Characterization of trout macrophage morphological, functional, and biochemical properties . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 16 : 576 – 589 .
  • Zelikoff , J. T. , Parsons , E. and Schlesinger , R. B. 1993 . Inhalation of particulate lead oxide disrupts pulmonary macrophage‐mediated functions important for host defense and tumor surveillance in the lung . Environ. Res. , 62 : 207 – 222 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.