References
- Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1990). Epilogue: Some considerations regarding theory and assessment relevant to attachments beyond infancy. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 463–488). University of Chicago Press.
- Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. F. (1974). Infant-mother attachment and social development: Socialization as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In M. P. M. Richards (Ed.), The integration of a child into a social world (pp. 99–135). Cambridge University Press.
- Allen, J. P., & Tan, J. S. (2016). The multiple facets of attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 399–415). Guilford Press.
- Ammaniti, M., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Speranza, A. M., & Tambelli, R. (2000). Internal working models of attachment during late childhood and early adolescence: An exploration of stability and change. Attachment and Human Development, 2(3), 328–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730010001587
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families. (2020). Mentalization Based Training. Retrieved December 29, 2020, from https://www.annafreud.org/
- Attili, G., Toni, A., DiGianfelice, S., & Roazzi, A. (2011). Children’s family drawings and attachment: A multidimensional scaling approach to study internal working models. In Y. Fisher & I. A. Friedman (Eds.), New horizons for facet theory: Searching for structure in content, spaces and measurement (pp. 111–122). Financial Therapy Association.
- Bartsch, K., & Wellman, H. (1995). Children talk about the mind. Oxford University Press.
- Bat Or, M., Kourkoutas, E., Smyrnaki, M., & Potchebutzky, H. (2019). Two drawing tasks to illuminate self-agency representations of children with disruptive behavior problems. Art Therapy, 36(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2019.1565724
- Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment. Oxford University Press.
- Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice. American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Behrens, K., & Kaplan, N. (2011). Japanese children’s family drawings and their link to attachment. Attachment and Human Development, 13(5), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2011.602252
- Bekar, O., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (2014). Coding manual for mental state talk in narratives [ Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Clinical Psychology, The New School for SocialResearch.
- Bekar, O., Steele, M., Shahmoon-Shanok, R., & Steele, H. (2018). Mothers’ mental state talk and preschool children’s social-behavioral functioning: A multidimensional account. Journal of Infant Child, & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 17(2), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2018.1456890
- Bellak, L., & Bellak, S. S. (1949). Children’s apperception test. Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation. Pimlico.
- Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. Basic Books.
- Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (Rev. ed.). Original work published 1969. Basic Books.
- Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28(5), 759–775. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.759
- Bretherton, I., Biringen, Z., Ridgeway, D., Maslin, C., & Sherman, M. (1989). Attachment: The parental perspective. Infant Mental Health Journal, 10(3), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(198923)10:3<203:AID-IMHJ2280100307>3.0.CO;2-8
- Bretherton, I., Prentiss, C., & Ridgeway, D. (1990). Family relationships as represented in a story-completion task at thirty-seven and fifty-four months of age. New Directions for Child Development, 48(48), 85–105. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219904807
- Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. (1990). Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship: An attachment story completion task for 3-year-olds. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 273–308). University of Chicago Press.
- Bureau, J., & Moss, E. (2010). Behavioural precursors of attachment representations in middle childhood and links with child social adaptation. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28(3), 657–677. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151009X468062
- Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed.). Guilford.
- Chilvers, S., Chesterman, N., & Lim, A. (2021). ‘Life is easier now’: Lived experience research into mentalization-based art psychotherapy. International Journal of Art Therapy, 26(1–2), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454832.2021.1889008
- Chu, D. (2016). Children’s caregiver perceptions and frequency of mental state talk as mediators of caregiver depression on childhood depression [ Unpublished manuscript]. Long Island University Post, Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program.
- Degges-White, S., & Davis, N. L. (Eds.). (2011). Integrating the expressive arts into counseling practice: Theory-based interventions. Springer.
- Dent, V., & Goodman, G. (2021). Representations of attachment security, attachment avoidance, and gender in Ugandan children. Attachment & Human Development, 23(5), 710–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1830480
- Dunn, J., Bretherton, I., & Munn, P. (1987). Conversations about feeling states between mothers and their young children. Developmental Psychology, 23, 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.132
- Fonagy, P. (1991). Thinking about thinking: Some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a borderline patient. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 72(4), 639–656. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1797718/
- Fonagy, P., Campbell, C., & Bateman, A. (2017). Mentalizing, attachment, and epistemic trust in group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 67(2), 176–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207284.2016.1263156
- Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. Other Press.
- Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Higgitt, A., & Target, M. (1994). The Emanuel Miller memorial lecture 1992: The theory and practice of resilience. Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 35(2), 231–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01160.x
- Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2003). Psychoanalytic theories: Perspectives from developmental psychopathology. Whurr.
- Franks, M., & Whitaker, R. (2007). The image, mentalization and group art psychotherapy. International Journal of Art Therapy, 12(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454830701265188
- Fury, G., Carlson, E., & Sroufe, L. (1997). Children’s representations of attachment relationships in family drawings. Child Development, 68(6), 1154–1164. https://doi.org/10.2307/1132298
- Gantt, L., & Anderson, F. (2009). The formal elements art therapy scale: A measurement system for global variables in art. Art Therapy, 26(3), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2009.10129372
- George, C., & Solomon, J. (1996). Assessing internal working models of attachment through doll play [Paper presented]. At the meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Quebec City, Canada.
- George, C., & Solomon, J. (1998). Six-year doll play classification system supplement: Attachment disorganization coding [ Unpublished manuscript]. Mills College, Department of Psychology.
- George, C., & Solomon, J. (2000). Six-year attachment doll play classification system (2nd ed.) [ Unpublished manuscript]. Mills College.
- Gergely, G., & Watson, J. S. (1996). The social biofeedback theory of parental affect-mirroring: The development of emotional self-awareness and self-control in infancy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 77(6), 1181–1212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9119582/
- Gernhardt, A., Keller, H., & Rübeling, H. (2016). Children’s family drawings as expressions of attachment representations across cultures: Possibilities and limitations. Child Development, 87(4), 1069–1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12516
- Goldner, L., & Scharf, M. (2011). Children’s family drawings: A study of attachment, personality, and adjustment. Art Therapy, 28(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2011.557350
- Goodman, G. (2010). Transforming the internal world and attachment: Theoretical and empirical perspectives (Vol. 1). Jason Aronson.
- Goodman, G., Aber, J. L., Berlin, L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). The relations between maternal behaviors and urban preschool children’s internal working models of attachment security. Infant Mental Health Journal, 19(4), 378–393. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199824)19:4<378:AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-J
- Goodman, G., Bartlett, R. C., & Stroh, M. (2013). Mothers’ borderline features and children’s disorganized attachment representations as predictors of children’s externalizing behavior. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 30(1), 16–36. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031068
- Goodman, G., Dent, V., Tuman, D., & Lee, S. Y. (2022). Drawings from a play-based intervention: Windows to the soul of rural Ugandan preschool children’s artistic development. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 77, 101876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2021.101876
- Goodman, G., Stroh, M., & Valdez, A. (2012). Do attachment representations predict depression and anxiety in psychiatrically hospitalized prepubertal children? Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 76(3), 260–289. https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2012.76.3.260
- Halfon, S., Bekar, Ö., Ababay, S., & Dorlach, G. Ç. (2017). Dyadic mental state talk and sophistication of symbolic play between parents and children with behavioral problems. Journal of Infant Child, & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 16(4), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2017.1370952
- Halfon, S., Bekar, O., & Gurleyen, B. (2017). An empirical analysis of mental state talk and affect regulation in two single-cases of psychodynamic child therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 54(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000113
- Halfon, S., Coşkun, A., Bekar, Ö., & Steele, H. (2020). Imbalances and impairments in mental state talk of children with internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Infant Child, & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 19(3), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2020.1771531
- Havsteen-Franklin, D. (2016). Mentalization-based art therapy. In J. Rubin (Ed.), Approaches to art therapy: Theory and technique (3rd ed., pp. 144–164). Routledge.
- Havsteen-Franklin, D. (2019). Mentalization-based creative arts therapies. In A. Bateman & P. Fonagy (Eds.), Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice (pp. 195–210). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
- Herrmann, A. S., Beutel, M. E., Gerzymisch, K., Lane, R. D., Pastore-Molitor, J., Wiltink, J., Zwerenz, R., Banerjee, M., & Subic-Wrana, C. (2018). The impact of attachment distress on affect-centered mentalization: An experimental study in psychosomatic patients and healthy adults. PloS One, 13(4), e0195430. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195430
- Herzog, J. M. (1988). On father hunger: The father’s role in the modulation of aggressive drive and fantasy. In S. H. Cath, A. R. Gurwitt, & J. M. Ross (Eds.), Father and child: Developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 163–174). Basil Blackwell.
- Herzog, J. M. (2001). Father hunger: Explorations with adults and children. The Analytic Press.
- Jenkins, J. M., Turrell, S. L., Kogushi, Y., Lollis, S., & Ross, H. S. (2003). A longitudinal investigation of the dynamics of mental state talk in families. Child Development, 74(3), 905–920. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00575
- Jin, M. K., Chung, U., & Hazen, N. (2018). Attachment representations of school-aged Korean children: Comparing family drawing and narrative assessments in a clinical and a community sample. Attachment and Human Development, 20(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2017.1371781
- Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1986). Instructions for the classification of children’s family drawings in terms of representation of attachment. University of California.
- Kerns, K. A., & Brumariu, L. A. (2016). Attachment in middle childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 349–365). Guilford Press.
- Kerns, K. A., Tomich, P. L., & Kim, P. (2006). Normative trends in children’s perceptions of availability and utilization of attachment figures in middle childhood. Social Development, 15(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00327.x
- Knüppel, A., Steensgaard, R., & Jensen de Lopez, K. (2007). Mental state talk by Danish preschool children. Nordlyd, 34(3), 110–130. https://doi.org/10.7557/12.125
- Kobak, R., Rosenthal, N., & Serwik, A. (2005). The attachment hierarchy in middle childhood: Conceptual and methodological issues. In K. A. Kerns & R. A. Richardson (Eds.), Attachment in middle childhood (pp. 71–88). Guilford Press.
- Koppitz, E. M. (1968). Psychological evaluation of children’s human figure drawings. Grune & Stratton.
- Levine, A., & Heller, R. (2010). Attached: The new science of adult attachment and how it can help you find – and keep – love. Jeremy P. Tarcher.
- Longobardi, C., Quaglia, R., & Iotti, N. O. (2015). Reconsidering the scribbling stage of drawing: A new perspective on toddlers’ representational processes. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01227
- Lowenfeld, V. (1947). Creative and mental growth. Macmillan.
- Lowenfeld, V. (1957). Creative and mental growth (3rd ed.). Macmillan.
- Lusebrink, V. B. (2004). Art therapy and the brain: An attempt to understand the underlying processes of art expression in therapy. Art Therapy, 21(3), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2004.10129496
- Madigan, S., Ladd, M., & Goldberg, S. (2003). A picture is worth a thousand words: Children’s representations of family as indicators of early attachment. Attachment and Human Development, 5(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461673031000078652
- Main, M., & Cassidy, J. (1988). Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age 6: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a 1-month period. Developmental Psychology, 24(3), 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.415
- Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 161–181). University of Chicago Press.
- Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of a new, insecure‐disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In M. Yogman & T. B. Brazelton (Eds.), Affective development in infancy (pp. 95–124). Ablex.
- Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the ainsworth strange situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 121–160). University of Chicago Press.
- Moore, K., & Marder, K. (2019). Mentalizing in group art therapy: Interventions for emerging adults. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Morgan, C. A., III, & Johnson, D. R. (1995). Use of a drawing task in the treatment of nightmares in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Art Therapy, 12(4), 244–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.1995.10759172
- Moss, E., Parent, S., & Gosselin, C. (1995, April). Attachment and theory of mind: Cognitive and metacognitive correlates of attachment during the preschool period [Paper presented]. At the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis, IN.
- Pace, C. S., Guerriero, V., & Zavattini, G. C. (2020). Children’s attachment representations: A pilot study comparing family drawing with narrative and behavioral assessments in adopted and community children. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 67, 101612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2019.101612
- Pianta, R., Longmaid, K., & Ferguson, J. E. (1999). Attachment‐based classifications of children’s family drawings: Psychometric properties and relations with children’s adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28(2), 244–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2802_11
- Raikes, H. A., & Thompson, R. A. (2005). Relationships past, present, and future: Reflections on attachment in middle childhood. In K. A. Kerns & R. A. Richardson (Eds.), Attachment in middle childhood (pp. 255–282). Guilford Press.
- Rosal, M. L. (1993). Comparative group art therapy research to evaluate changes in locus of control in behaviour disordered children. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 20(3), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4556(93)90018-W
- Seibert, A. C., & Kerns, K. A. (2009). Attachment figures in middle childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(5), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025409103872
- Shatz, M., Wellman, H. M., & Silber, S. (1983). The acquisition of mental verbs: A systematic investigation of the first reference to mental state. Cognition, 14(3), 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2
- Shipley, M. J., Coggins, K., Shipley, K. C., & Ellison, D. (2021). Community-based art therapy program to honor 9/11. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 16(2), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2020.1757003
- Shukla, P., Ram, D., & Sengar, K. S. (2012). Performance of schizophrenic and manic patients on human figure drawing: A comparative study. Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 19(1), 66–70.
- Siegel, D. (2012). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Solomon, J., & George, C. (2008). The measurement of attachment security and related constructs in infancy and early childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 383–416). Guilford Press.
- Solomon, J., & George, C. (2016). The measurement of attachment security and related constructs in infancy and early childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 366–398). Guilford Press.
- Solomon, J., George, C., & De Jong, A. (1995). Children classified as controlling at age six: Evidence of disorganized representational strategies and aggression at home and at school. Development and Psychopathology, 7(3), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006623
- Sousa Filho, D., Kanomata, E. Y., Feldman, R. J., & Maluf Neto, A. (2017). Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy: A narrative review. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 15(4), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082017MD3746
- Stacks, A. M., & Oshio, T. (2009). Disorganized attachment and social skills as indicators of head start children’s school readiness skills. Attachment & Human Development, 11(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730802625250
- Tuman, D. M. (1998). Gender difference in form and content: The relationship between preferred subject and the formal characteristics of children’s drawing [ Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Art and Art Education, Teachers College, Columbia University.
- Tuman, D. M. (1999). Gender style as form and content: An examination of gender stereotypes in the subject preference of children’s drawing. Studies in Art Education, 41(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/1320249
- Wellman, H. M., Harris, P. L., Banerjee, M., & Sinclair, A. (1995). Early understanding of emotion: Evidence from natural language. Cognition and Emotion, 9(2–3), 117–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939508409005
- Woltmann, A. G. (1950). Review of the Children’s Apperception Test (C.A.T.): 10 test cards and manual. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 20(4), 844–845. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0096541