Burning Mississippi into Memory? Cinematic Amnesia as a Resource for Remembering Civil Rights

References

• Ames , C. 1992 . Restoring the black man's lethal weapon: Race and sexuality in contemporary cop films . Journal of Popular Film and Television , 20 : 52 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attenborough , R. (Director) . ( 1982 ). Gandhi [Motion Picture] . United States : Columbia Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Attenborough , R. (Director) . ( 1987 ). Cry freedom [Motion Picture] . United States : Universal Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Axtman , C. June 23 2005 . Mississippi verdict greeted by a generation gap . Christian Science Monitor , p. 01 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , H. ( 1989 , January 15 ). Burning questions about Mississippi Burning [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . St. Louis Post-Dispatch , p. 3C .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , S. ( 1988 , December 18 ). Critic's notebook: Some ‘Burning’ Questions. [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . Los Angeles Times , p. 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Biesecker , B. 2002 . Remembering World War II: The rhetoric and politics of national commemoration at the turn of the 21st century . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 88 : 393 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. , Jeppeson , M. and Pucci , E. 1991 . Public memorializing in postmodernity: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial as prototype . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 77 : 263 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. and Michel , N. 2000 . Reproducing Civil Rights tactics: The rhetorical performances of the Civil Rights Memorial . Rhetoric Society Quarterly , 30 : 31 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Bland , E. L. , White, Jack , E. and Corless , R. 1989 . Fire this time . Time , 133 January 9 : 56 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Bodnar , J. 1992 . Remaking America: Public memory, commemoration, and patriotism in the twentieth century , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bourgeois , H. 1992 . Hollywood and the civil rights movement: The case of Mississippi Burning . Howard Journal of Communications , 4 : 165 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Branch , T. 1988 . America in the King years, 1954–1963 , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Brinson , S. 1995 . The myth of white superiority in Mississippi Burning . The Southern Communication Journal , 60 : 211 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. 1993 . Bullets, buddies, and bad guys: The “action cop” genre . Journal of Popular Film and Television , 2 : 79 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Browne , S. H. 1993 . Reading public memory in Daniel Webster's Plymouth Rock Oration . Western Journal of Communication , 57 : 464 – 477 .
   Google Scholar
• Browne , S. H. 1995 . Reading, rhetoric, and the texture of public memory . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 81 : 237 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Browne , S. H. 1999 . Remembering Crispus Attucks: Race, rhetoric, and the politics of commemoration . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 85 : 169 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Business Data for Mississippi Burning . 1988 . Retrieved January 15, 2005 from Internet Movie Database , http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095647/business .
   Google Scholar
• Cagin , S. 1988 . Worlds apart. (Production of Mississippi Burning) . Vogue , 178 : 332 – 338 .
   Google Scholar
• Cagin , S. and Dray , P. 1988 . We are not afraid: The story of Goodman, Schwerner, and Chaney and the civil rights campaign for Mississippi , New York : Macmillan Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Canby , V. December 9 1988 . Review/film: Retracting Mississippi's agony, 1964 [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . New York Times , p. C12 .
   Google Scholar
• Canby , V. January 8 1989 . Film View: Mississippi Burning: Generating heat or light? Taking risks to illuminate a painful time in America [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . New York Times , p. 2.1 .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , J. January 13 1989 . Movie review: Mississippi Burning [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . The Boston Globe , p. 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , H. December 15 1988 . Viewpoint: Film hides real heroes of Freedom Summer, 1964 [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved January 15, 2005, from http://www.wsj.com/archives
   Google Scholar
• Champlin , C. January 24 1989 . ‘Burning’ issue: How much to alter fact to fuel drama? Los Angeles Times , p. VI1 .
   Google Scholar
• Chideya , F. February 14 2007 . Reporter Jerry Mitchell on cold cases . NPR news and notes . Retrieved March 20, 2007, from http://www.lexisnexis.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/us/lnaca demic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd_true&risb_21_T5558143219&format_GNB FI&sort_BOOLEAN&startDocNo_1&resultsUrlkey_29_T5558143221&treeMax_true&tre eWidth_0&csi_8398&docNo_2 .
   Google Scholar
• Cloud , D. 1996 . Hegemony or concordance: The rhetoric of tokenism in “Oprah” Winfrey's Rags-to-Riches Biography . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 13 : 115 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , R. January 8 1989 . Hollywood's civil wrongs [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . Washington Post , p. W09 .
   Google Scholar
• Condon , B. (Director) . 2006 . Dreamgirls [Motion Picture]. United States: Dream Works .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , A. , Penhaul , K. , Lawrence , C. , Freed , J. , Choi , L.B. , Toobin , J. , Gupta , S. , & Zahn , P. June 23 2005 . Edgar Ray Killen sentenced. Anderson Cooper 360 Degrees. Cable News Network. Retrieved June 28, 2005 from http://www.lexisnexis.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd_true&risb_21_T5558162910&format_GNBFI&sort_BOOLEAN&startDocNo_1&resultsUrlkey_29_T5558162913&cisb_22_T5558162912&treeMax_true&treeWidth_0&csi_271063&docNo_1 .
   Google Scholar
• Costner , K. (Director) . 1990 . Dances with Wolves [Motion Picture] . Orion Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Curry , J December 14 1988 . Mississippi wins 4 critics’ board awards . USA Today , p. 1D .
   Google Scholar
• Donner , R. (Director) . 1987 . Lethal weapon. [Motion Picture] . United States : Warner Bros. Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Douthat , S. Jan. 8 1989 . Town's residents wary of Mississippi Burning . Chicago Sun-Times , p. 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Eberly , R. 2004 . “ Everywhere you go, it's there: Forgetting and remembering the University of Texas tower shootings ” . In Framing public memory , Edited by: Phillips , K. 65 – 88 . Tuscaloosa : The University of Alabama Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ebert , R. December 9 1988 . Civil rights crusade powers great Mississippi Burning . Chicago Sun-Times , p. 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Ehrenhaus , P. 1989 . Commemorating the unwon war: On not remembering Vietnam . Journal of Communication , 39 : 96 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrenhaus , P. 2001 . Why we fought: Holocaust Memory in Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 18 : 3211 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ely , G. 1997 . “ Nations, publics, and political cultures: Placing Habermas in the Nineteenth Century ” . In Habermas and the public sphere , Edited by: Calhoun , C. 289 – 339 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Evers , M. 1999 . Watch me fly: What I learned on the way to becoming the woman I was meant to be , Boston and New York : Little, Brown, and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Forster , M. (Director) . 2001 . Monster's ball [Motion Picture] . United States : Lions Gate Films .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , N. 1997 . “ Rethinking the Public Sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy ” . In Habermas and the Public Sphere , Edited by: Calhoun , C. 109 – 142 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fuqua , A. (Director) . 2001 . Training day [Motion Picture] . United States : Warner Bros. Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Gabrenya , F. January 13 1989 . Mississippi Burning [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . Columbus Dispatch . Retrieved January 15, 2005 from http://www.dispatch.com/archives .
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher , V. 1999 . Memory and reconciliation in the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute . Rhetoric and Public Affairs , 2 : 303 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Gartner , J. (Director) . ( 2006 ). Glory Road [Motion Picture] . United States : Buena Vista Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• George , T. (Director) . ( 2004 ). Hotel Rwanda [Motion Picture] . United States : United Artists .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , C. 2005 . Mississippi justice . History's verdict , World news tonight with Peter Jennings, ABC News Transcripts(Uploaded from http://www.lexisnexis.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd_true&risb_21_T5558220824&format_GNBFI&sort_BOOLEAN&startDocNo_1&resultsUrlkey_29_T5558220828&cisb_22_T5558220827&treeMax_true&treeWidth_0&csi_8277&docNo_13 on June 28, 2005
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin , T. 1980 . The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and the unmaking of the new left , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gold , R. 1989 . Orion giving ‘Mississippi’ straight promo push, avoids controversy . Variety , 333 : 13
   Google Scholar
• Gronbeck , B. 1998 . “ The rhetorics of the past: History, argument, and collective memory ” . In Doing rhetorical history: Concepts and cases , Edited by: Turner , K.J. 47 – 60 . Tuscaloosa, AL : The University of Alabama Press .
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1996 . The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society (T. Burger & F. Lawrence, Trans.) , 1962 Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. (Original work published ) .
   Google Scholar
• Hackford , T. (Director) . ( 2004 ). Ray [Motion Picture] . United States : Universal Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , C. ( 1988 , December 9 ). Director Parker, master manipulator . The Washington Post , p. C01 .
   Google Scholar
• Hasian , M. 2001 . Nostalgic longings, memories of the “Good War,” and cinematic representations in Saving Private Ryan . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 18 : 338 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasian , M. and Carlson , C. 2000 . Revisionism and collective memory: The struggle for meaning in the Amistad affair . Communication Monographs , 67 : 42 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashi , S. 2001 . “ Walker and Mississippi Burning: Postmodernism versus illusionist narrative ” . In The historical film: History and memory in media , Edited by: Landry , M. 218 – 234 . New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoerl , K. 2007 . Mario Van Peebles's “Panther” and popular memories of the Black Panther Party . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 24 : 206 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoerl , K. 2008 . Mississippi's social transformation in public memories of the trial against Byron de la Beckwith for the murder of Medgar Evers . Western Journal of Communication , 72 : 62 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Italie , H. ( 1988 , December 28 ). Film's account of civil rights struggle criticized . Houston Chronicle , p. 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Jewison , N. (Director) . ( 1999 ). The hurricane [Motion Picture] . United States : Universal Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Jubera , D. ( 2005 , June 26 ). Cold case reporter a legend; Stories spur Mississippi convictions . Atlanta Journal-Constitutions , p. 12A .
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman , J. ( 1989 , Jan. 8 ). Eyes on the civil rights movement Mississippi Burning latest in a wave of works about the “King Years” [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning.] The Boston Globe , p. B1 .
   Google Scholar
• King , W. ( 1988 , December 4 ). Fact vs. fiction in Mississippi [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . New York Times , p. 2.15 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S. (Director) . ( 1989 ). Do the Right Thing [Motion Picture] . United States : Universal Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S. (Director) . ( 1992 ). Malcolm X [Motion Picture] . United States : Warner Bros .
   Google Scholar
• Lemon , D. Keilar , B. Holmes , T.J. O'Brien , S. Maginnis , K. Martin , R. ( 2008 ). Conversations with Black America: A nation honors memory of Martin Luther King . CNN Newsroom . Retrieved April 4, 2008 from http://www.lexisnexis.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd_true&risb_21_T5558255087&format_GNBFI&sort_BOOLEAN&startDocNo_1&resultsUrlkey_29_T5558255090&cisb_22_T5558255089&treeMax_true&treeWidth_0&csi217063&docNo_18 .
   Google Scholar
• Lipper , H. ( 1989 , January 22 ). Where Mississippi Burned: Civil rights film rekindles horrors of the state's past . St. Petersburg Times , p. 1F .
   Google Scholar
• Lipsitz , G. 1990 . Time passages: collective memory and American popular culture , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald , K. (Director) . ( 2006 ). The last king of Scotland [Motion Picture] . United States : Fox Searchlight Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Madison , K. 1999 . Legitimation crisis and containment: The ‘anti-racist-white-hero” film . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 16 : 399 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandziuk , R. M. 2003 . Commemorating Sojourner Truth: Negotiating the politics of race and gender in the spaces of public memory . Western Journal of Communication , 67 : 271 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Marable , M. 1984 . Race, reform, and rebellion , London : Macmillan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marquand , R. ( 1989 , February 24 ). Feelings smolder over Burning issue . Christian Science Monitor , p. 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Maslin , J. ( 1988 , December 23 ). Checking (and checking off) the list of holiday movies . New York Times , p. C1 .
   Google Scholar
• McAdam , D. 1988 . Freedom summer , New York and Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. ( 2004 ). The problem of the media: US communication politics in the 21st century . New York : Monthly Review Press .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , S. ( 2005 , June 19 ). Prosecutors in Edgar Killen trial rest case . Sunday Today . National Broadcasting Company. Retrieved June 28, 2005, from http://www.lexisnexis.com.spot.lib.auburn.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd_true&risb_21_T5558247404&format_GNBFI&sort_BOOLEAN&startDocNo_1&resultsUrlkey_29_T5558247407&cisb_22_T5558247406&treeMax_true&treeWidth0&csi_157446&docNo_4 .
   Google Scholar
• McMullen , W. J. and Solomon , M. 1994 . The politics of adaptation: Steven Spielberg's appropriation of The Color Purple . Text and Performance Quarterly , 14 : 158 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• McTiernan , J. (Director) . ( 1988 ). Die hard. [Motion Picture] . United States : 20th Century Fox .
   Google Scholar
• Minton , M. ( 2005 , January 30 ). In search of justice; Years of investigation put state back in spotlight . Arkansas Democrat Gazette . Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.lexisnexis.jpot.lib.auburn.edu/us/inacademic/search/newssubmitform.do .
   Google Scholar
• Milloy , C. ( 1989 , January 15 ). We need black historians . The Washington Post , p. B03 .
   Google Scholar
• Mills , N. 1993 . Like a holy crusade: Mississippi in 1964 , Chicago : I.R. Dee .
   Google Scholar
• Minor , B. ( 1989 , January 15 ). Image in film worries Mississippians . New York Times , p. 1.16 .
   Google Scholar
• Nora , P. 1989 . Between memory and history: “Les Lieux de Memoire . Representations , 26 : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Nossiter , A. ( 1989 , January 11 ). Mississippi Burning ignites controversy about portrayal of civil rights murders . Atlanta Journal-Constitution , p. C01 .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , A.S. 2002 . Memory, war, and American identity: Saving Private Ryan as cinematic jeremiad . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 19 : 249 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , A. (Director) . ( 1988 ). Mississippi burning [Motion Picture] . United States : Orion Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , R. (Director) . ( 1990 ). The long walk home [Motion Picture] . United States : Miramax Films .
   Google Scholar
• Peterman , P. ( 1989 , January 20 ). Fiery memories of racism roar anew. [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . St. Petersburg Times , p. 1D .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , K . ( 2004 ) Framing public memory . Tuscaloosa : The University of Alabama Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pollack , J. ( 1989 , January 15 ). Mingling fact, fiction is confusing [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . St. Louis Post-Dispatch , p. 6C .
   Google Scholar
• Reiner , R. (Director) . ( 1996 ). Ghosts of Mississippi [Motion Picture] . United States : Columbia Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Ringel , E. ( 1989 , January 22 ). Truth isn't as simple as black, white in Mississippi Burning [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . Atlanta Journal and Constitution , p. K01 .
   Google Scholar
• Romanowski , W. D. 1993 . Oliver Stone's JFK: Commercial filmmaking, cultural history, and conflict . Journal of Popular Film and Television , 21 : 63 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , B. ( 1989 , January 15 ). The ghosts of Mississippi past [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . Miami Herald , p. 1C .
   Google Scholar
• Salamon , J. ( 1988 , December 8 ). Film: The year's most powerful movie [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . The Wall Street Journal , p. LA1 .
   Google Scholar
• Sawyer , D. ( 2005 , June 13 ). Mississippi Burning trial begins in 40 year-old crime . Good Morning America , American Broadcasting Companies .
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher , J. (Director) . ( 1996 ). A time to kill [Motion Picture] . United States : Warner Bros. Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , J. ( 1989 , January 12 ). Mississippi Burning is a film that's powerful in spite of itself . The Buffalo News . Retrieved January 15, 2005, from http://buffalonews.com/archives
   Google Scholar
• Staples , B. ( 1989 , January 8 ). Film: Mississippi Burning: Generating heat or light? Cinematic segregation in a story about Civil Rights [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . New York Times , p. 2.1 .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , O. (Director) . ( 1991 ). JFK [Motion Picture] . United States : Warner Bros .
   Google Scholar
• Sturken , M. 1997 . Tangled memories: the Vietnam War, the AIDS epidemic, and the Politics of remembering , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Watkins , C. 2001 . Framing protest: News media frames of the million man march . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 18 : 83 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westbrook , ( 1989 , January 13 ). Mississippi Burning welds fact and fiction . Houston Chronicle . Retrieved June 2004, from the Factiva news database .
   Google Scholar
• White , J. 1989 . Just another Mississippi whitewash . Time , 122 : 62
   Google Scholar
• Will , G. ( 1989 , January 12 ). Is this film “necessary”? Perhaps not-but remembrance is [Review of the motion picture Mississippi Burning] . Chicago Sun-Times , p. 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , J. ( 1988 , December 9 ). What about the black heroes? The Washington Post , p. C1 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , K. 2004 . Is there interest in reconciliation? . Rhetoric and Public Affairs , 7 : 367 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Winn , J. 2001 . Challenges and compromises in Spike Lee's Malcolm X . Critical Studies in Media Communication , 18 : 452 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo , J. (Director) . ( 2002 ). Windtalkers [Motion Picture] . United States : Metro Goldwyn Mayer .
   Google Scholar
• Zelizer , B. 1992 . Kennedy assassination through a popular eye: Toward a politics of remembrance . Journal of Communication Inquiry , 16 : 21 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Zelizer , B. 1998 . Remembering to forget: Holocaust memory through the camera's eye , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zwik , E. (Director) . ( 2003 ). The last samurai [Motion Picture] . United States : Warner Bros Pictures .
   Google Scholar