Still never at the top: representation of Asian and Black characters in Sony/Marvel Studios’ Spider-Man trilogy

References

• Besana, T., Katsiaficas, D., & Loyd, A. B. (2020). Asian American media representation: A film analysis and implications for identity development. Research in Human Development, 16(3-4), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2020.1711680
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boxofficemojo.com. Spider-Man: No Way Home. Retrieved May 21, 2023 from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt10872600/?ref_=bo_se_r_2
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, S. (2017). This is why “Spider-Man: Homecoming” has a diverse cast. Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/p/spider-man-homecoming-has-a-diverse-cast-for-this-amazing-reason-66526
   Google Scholar
• Brown Givens, S. M., & Monahan, J. L. (2005). Priming mammies, jezebels, and other controlling images: An examination of the influence of mediated stereotypes on perceptions of an African American woman. Media Psychology, 7(1), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0701_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung-Miaw, C. (2022). Asian Americans and multiracial politics: The contribution and limits of racial triangulation theory. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(3), 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1982736
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P. H. (2009). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (3rd ed.). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Conrad, K., Dixon, T. L., & Zhang, Y. (2009). Controversial rap themes, gender portrayals and skin tone distortion: A content analysis of rap music videos. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(1), 134–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802643795
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, E. J. (2022). The anti-Black axis: Rethinking racial triangulation. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(3), 475–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2022.2055481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, T. L. (2019). Media stereotypes: Content, effects, and theory. In M. B. Oliver, A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 243–257). Taylor and Francis. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/41380
   Google Scholar
• Ford, T. E. (1997). Effects of stereotypical television portrayals of African-Americans on person perception. Social Psychology Quarterly, 60(3), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn, C. L., & Cunningham, L. J. (2009). The power of black magic: The magical negro and white salvation in film. Journal of Black Studies, 40(2), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934707307831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham, B. W. (1999). Stereotypes in the media: So what? Howard Journal of Communication, 10(4), 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/106461799246735
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, R. A. (2014). Pushing into Precious: Black women, media representation, and the glare of the white supremacist capitalist patriarchal gaze. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 31(3), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2013.849354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, A. (2020). Spider-Man: Homecoming (Jon Watts US 2017). Science Fiction Film and Television, 13, 302–307. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/760788/summary?casa_token=3O2UTIGOnCgAAAAA:kj1(1qEBWMLZJ7KartyUzDoRfd2_exCcatMfu1FF8joH5-MiUVdZ7Igs-42UZyXsQQV94eyb5p8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. (2017). Spider-Man: Homecoming diversity push makes no Spidey-sense. The Root, https://www.theroot.com/spider-man-homecoming-diversity-push-makes-no-spidey-s-1796704406
   Google Scholar
• Kawai, Y. (2005). Stereotyping Asian Americans: The dialectic of the model minority and the yellow peril. The Howard Journal of Communications, 16(2), 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646170590948974
   Google Scholar
• Kim, C. J. (1999). The racial triangulation of Asian Americans. Politics & Society, 27(1), 105–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329299027001005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, N. Y. (2022). Globalizing racial triangulation: Including the people and nations of color on which white supremacy depends. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(3), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1997767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. C. (2018). A past that never was: Historical poaching in Game of Thrones fans’ Tumblr practices. Popular Communication, 16(3), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2018.1453070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, J. C. (2021). Dominant narratives and historical perspective in time travel stories: A case study of Doctor Who. The Social Studies, 112(2), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2020.1829527
   Google Scholar
• Oh, D. C. (2012). Black-yellow fences: Multicultural boundaries and whiteness in the Rush Hour franchise. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 29(5), 349–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2012.697634
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, D. C. (2016). Techno-orientalist villains and white masculinity in the Wolverine movies. In C. Bucciferro (Ed.), The X-Men films: A cultural analysis (pp. 151–164). Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Poon, O., Squire, D., Kodama, C., Byrd, A., Chan, J., Manzano, L., Furr, S., & Bishundat, D. (2016). A critical review of the model minority myth in selected literature on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in higher education. Review of Educational Research, 86(2), 469–502. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315612205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozsa, M. (2017). “Spider-Man: Homecoming”: A bold bid for diversity that doesn’t land its punch. Salon. https://www.salon.com/2017/07/10/spider-man-homecoming-diversity/
   Google Scholar
• Sebastiampillai, C. (2020). Crazy rich Eurasians: White enough to be acceptable, Asian enough to be an asset. Celebrity Studies, 12(2), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2021.1912166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim, D. (1998). From yellow peril through model minority to renewed yellow peril. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 22(4), 385–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859998022004004
   Google Scholar
• Toliver, S. R. (2018). Alterity and innocence: The Hunger Games, Rue, and Black girl adultification. Journal of Children’s Literature, 44(2), 4–15.
   Google Scholar
• TVTropes.com. Not like other girls. Retrieved June 13, 2002 from https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/NotLikeOtherGirls
   Google Scholar
• Yu, S. (2022). Placing racial triangulation, triangulating place and race: Chinese grocery stores in the Mississippi Delta during the Jim Crow era. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 112(1), 97–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2021.1907171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, T. (2006). Challenging the politics of the “model minority” stereotype: A case for educational equality. Equity & Excellence in Education, 39(4), 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665680600932333
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q. (2010). Asian Americans beyond the model minority stereotype: The nerdy and the left out. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 3(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513050903428109
   Google Scholar