The enclosure of cyberspace

References

• Albert , M. 1995 . Hooked and wired 2 . Z Magazine , February : 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Andrews , E. 1994 . House easily approves communications bills . New York Times , June 29 : D2
   Google Scholar
• Auletta , K. 1995 . Pay per views . New Yorker , June 5 : 52 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Bagdikian , B. 1992 . The Media Monopoly , (4th ed.) , Boston : Beacon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beaud , M. 1983 . A history of capitalism 1500–1980 , Edited by: Dickman , T. and Lefebvre , A. New York : Monthly Review Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berniker , M. 1995 . Tele‐TV changes its deal with CAA . Broadcasting & Cable , August 28 : 14
   Google Scholar
• Bettig , R. 1992 . Critical perspectives on the history and philosophy of copyright . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 9 (2) : 131 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettig , R. 1996 . Copyrighting culture: The political economy of intellectual property , Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Bounds , W. 1996 . Bill Gates owns Otto Bettman's lifework . Wall Street Journal , January 17 : B1 B4
   Google Scholar
• Bowles , S. and Edwards , R. 1985 . Understanding capitalism: Competition, command and change in the U.S. economy , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Cardoso , F. H. 1982 . “ Dependency and development in Latin America ” . In Introduction to the sociology of “developing countries”; , Edited by: Alavi , H. and Shanin , T. 112 – 127 . London : MacMillan .
   Google Scholar
• Carey , J. 1995 . Abolishing the old world spirit . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 (1) : 82 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmody , D. 1994 . Writers fight for electronic rights . New York Times , November 7 : B20
   Google Scholar
• Carnoy , M. 1993 . “ Multinationals in a changing world economy: wither the nation‐state? ” . In The new global economy in the information age , Edited by: Carnoy , M. , Castells , M. , Cohen , S. and Cardoso , F. H. 45 – 96 . University Park, PA : Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Castro , F. 1969 . “ Communism will be abundance without egoism: On intellectual property ” . In Fidel Castro Speaks , Edited by: Kenner , M. and Petras , J. 237 – 246 . New York : Grove Press .
   Google Scholar
• Corn , D. 1995 . CyberNewt . The Nation , February 6 : 154 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corn , D. and Shefrin , A. 1995 . PAC man . The Nation , October 2 : 354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , J. and Seaton , S. 1988 . Power without responsibility , (3rd ed.) , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , C. 1995 . Doll partners . Rolling Stone , November 30 : 20
   Google Scholar
• Digital Performance in Sound Recordings Act, Pub. L. 104–39, S. 227, H.R. 1506, 104th Cong., 1st Sess. (November 1, 1995).
   Google Scholar
• Domhoff , G. W. 1983 . Who rules America now? , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Domhoff , G. W. 1990 . The power elite and the state: How policy is made in America , New York : Aldine de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenstein , E. 1983 . The printing revolution in early modern Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elliot , S. 1992 . NBC likes young viewers, judging from its fall plans . New York Times , May 13 : D18
   Google Scholar
• Elliot , S. 1995 . The Internet is being used because . . . everyone wants a connection to what's new . New York Times , April 24 : D10
   Google Scholar
• Fabrikant , G. 1994 . Disney to sample the interactive era . New York Times , August 9 : D1 D17
   Google Scholar
• Fabrikant , G. 1995 . Funds flock to venture of Hollywood powerful . New York Times , February 27 : D7
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , L. 1994a . Next from Microsoft, movies on demand . New York Times , May 18 : D5
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , L. 1994b . A challenge to Microsoft in interactive TV . New York Times , December 1 : D5
   Google Scholar
• Frank Music Corp. v. CompuServe Inc., No. 93–8253 (S.D. N.Y. 1993).
   Google Scholar
• Fusfeld , D. 1988 . Economics: Principles of political economy , (3rd ed.) , Glenview, IL : Scott, Foresman .
   Google Scholar
• Gandy , O. 1992 . The political economy approach: A critical challenge . Journal of Media Economics , 5 (2) : 23 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Garnham , N. 1995a . Political economy and cultural studies: Reconciliation or divorce? . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 (1) : 62 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnham , N. 1995b . Reply to Grossberg and Carey . Critical Studies inMass Communication , 12 (1) : 95 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giddens , A. 1981 . Power, property and the state: A contemporary critique of historical materialism , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goldman , K. 1994 . McDonald's to post Golden Arches along information superhighway . Wall Street Journal , July 21 : B7
   Google Scholar
• Grossberg , L. 1995 . Cultural studies vs. political economy: Is anyone else bored with this debate? . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 (1) : 72 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington , R. 1993 . Consummate consumer; Sound and the fury; The battle overused CDs . Washington Post , July 27 : E5
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , D. 1989 . The condition of postmodernity , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , D. 1991 . Flexibility: Threat or opportunity? . Socialist Review , 21 (1) : 65 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Heilbroner , R. 1985 . The nature and logic of capitalism , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Hickey , N. 1995 . Revolution in Cyberia . Columbia Journalism Review , July : 40 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Hunt , E. K. 1990 . Property and prophets , (6th ed.) , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Information Infrastructure Task Force . September 16 1993 . “ The national information infrastructure: Agenda for action ” . In Daily Report for Executives , September 16 , Bureau of National Affairs (NEXIS) .
   Google Scholar
• Information Infrastructure Task Force . 1995 . Intellectual property and the national information infrastructure: The report of the working group on intellectual property rights
   Google Scholar
• Jessop , B. 1990 . State theory: Putting capitalist states in their place , University Park, PA : Penn State Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jhally , S. 1989 . “ The political economy of culture ” . In Cultural politics in contemporary America , Edited by: Angus , I. and Jhally , S. 65 – 81 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kellner , D. 1989 . Critical theory, marxism, and modernity , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Klaidman , D. 1995 . Frank Music Corp., et al. v. Compuserve Inc . Legal Times , December 11 : 11
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , P. 1995 . Prodigy is leading its peers onto the World Wide Web . New York Times , January 18 : D1 D7
   Google Scholar
• Lichtman , I. January 13 1996 . “ Words & music: It's a deal ” . In Billboard , January 13 , Billboard Publications Inc. (NEXIS) .
   Google Scholar
• Locke , C. 1994 . Business on the Internet: Commercials in cyberspace . Information Week , April 18 : 75
   Google Scholar
• Lohr , S. 1995 . I.B.M. and Vatican Library team up for a this‐worldly project . New York Times , March 28 : D3
   Google Scholar
• Lyall , S. 1994 . To avoid future shocks, publishers and authors are fighting for the electronic rights to books . New York Times , March 28 : D6
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. 1995 . Telecon . In These Times , July 10 : 14 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• McClellan , S. 1995 . The new name in news: MSNBC . Broadcasting & Cable , December 18 : 8 12
   Google Scholar
• McLachlan , G. February 1994 . “ The gang of 27: U.S. Advisory Council on the National Information Infrastructure ” . In LAN Computing , February , Information Access Co. (NEXIS) .
   Google Scholar
• McQuail , D. 1994 . Mass communication theory , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Markoff , J. 1995 . Microsoft quietly puts together computer research laboratory . New York Times , : D1 D5
   Google Scholar
• Mosco , V. 1982 . Pushbutton fantasies: Critical perspectives on videotex and information technology , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Mosco , V. 1989 . The pay‐per society: Computers & communication in the information age , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Mueller , M. 1995 . Why communications policy is passing “mass communication”;: Political economy as the missing link . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 (4) : 455 – 472 .
   Google Scholar
• Murdock , G. 1995 . Across the great divide: Cultural analysis and the condition of democracy . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 (1) : 89 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash , N. 1994 . Gore sees privatization of global data links . New York Times , March 22 : D2
   Google Scholar
• Norris , V. 1980 . Advertising history‐according to the textbooks . Journal of Advertising , 9 (3) : 3 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Shaughnessy , E. 1994 . That was then. This is now . Vanity Fair , October : 214
   Google Scholar
• September 6 1994 . “ ProductView Interactive to pay consumers to view online ads ” . In Electronic Marketplace Report , September 6 , IAC Newsletter Database: Simba Information (NEXIS) .
   Google Scholar
• 1995 . Pulling and pushing E‐rights: Publishers negotiate for content and writers follow the money . Digital Media , December 11 : 19
   Google Scholar
• Reifer , S. 1994 . Ma Bell's kids go to Hollywood . MediaCulture Review , 3 (3) : 6 – 7 . 18
   Google Scholar
• Samuelson , P. 1996 . The copyright grab . Wired , January : 135 – 138 . 188 190 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Schiller , D. 1982 . Telematics and government , Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Schiller , H. 1996 . Information inequality: The deepening social crisis in America , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Scitovsky , T. 1971 . Welfare and competition , Homewood, IL : R. D. Irwin .
   Google Scholar
• Sherman , H. 1987 . Foundations of radical political economy , Armonk, NY : M. E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• April 3 1995 . “ Staffing begins; Hype aside, Dreamworks Interactive facing familiar risks ” . In Communications Daily , April 3 , Warren Publishing (NEXIS) .
   Google Scholar
• Stefanac , S. 1994 . Interactive advertising . NewMedia , April : 43 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Svendsen , K. 1995 . “ Digital high definition television and the role of government in technology development ” . University Park, PA : Pennsylvania State University . (Ph.D. Diss.).
   Google Scholar
• Tavares‐Finson , T. 1983 . “ Statement ” . In WIPO worldwide forum on the piracy of broadcasts and the printed word , 78 – 81 . Geneva : World Intellectual Property Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104–104 (February 8, 1996).
   Google Scholar
• Therborn , G. 1980 . What does the ruling class do when it rules? , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Congress. Democratic Staff of the Joint Economy Committee . 1986 . The concentration of wealth in the United States: Trends in the distribution of wealth among American families , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar