Humility and the Development and Repair of Social Bonds: Two Longitudinal Studies

References

• Ames , D. R. , Rose , P. and Anderson , C. P. 2006 . The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism . Journal of Research in Personality , 40 : 440 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , C. , Srivastava , S. , Beer , J. S. , Spataro , S. E. and Chatman , J. A. 2006 . Knowing your place: Self-perceptions of status in face-to-face groups . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 91 : 1094 – 1110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew , K. and Horowitz , L. M. 1991 . Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 226–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister , R. F. , Stillwell , A. and Wotman , S. R. 1990 . Victim and perpetrator accounts of interpersonal conflict: Autobiographical narratives about anger . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 994 – 1005 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister , R. F. , Vohs , K. D. , DeWall , C. N. and Zhang , L. 2007 . How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 11 : 167 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollinger , R. 2010 . Humility: An integrative analysis and the validation of a dispositional measure , Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Biola University, La Mirada, CA .
   Google Scholar
• Brennan , K. A. , Clark , C. L. and Shaver , P. R. 1998 . “ Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview ” . In Attachment theory and close relationships , Edited by: Simpson , J. A. and Rhodes , W. S. 46 – 76 . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , S. L. and Brown , R. M. 2006 . Selective investment theory: Recasting the functional significance of close relationships . Psychological Inquiry , 17 : 1 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , J. 2001 . Good to great , New York , NY : HarperCollins .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. T. Jr. and McCrae , R. R. 1992 . Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) professional manual , Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , D. E. , Hook , J. N. , Worthington , E. L. Jr. , Van Tongeren , D. R. , Gartner , A. L. and Jennings , D. J. II. 2010 . Relational spirituality and forgiveness: Development of the Spiritual Humility Scale (SHS) . Journal of Psychology and Theology , 38 : 91 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , D. E. , Hook , J. N. , Worthington , E. L. Jr. , Van Tongeren , D. R. , Gartner , A. L. Jennings , D. J. 2011 . Relational humility: Conceptualizing and measuring humility as a personality judgment . Journal of Personality Assessment , 93 : 225 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , D. E. , Worthington , E. L. Jr. and Hook , J. N. 2010 . Humility: Review of measurement strategies and conceptualization as personality judgment . Journal of Positive Psychology , 5 : 243 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries , R. E. , Lee , K. and Ashton , M. C. 2008 . The Dutch HEXACO Personality Inventory: Psychometric properties, self–other agreement, and relations with psychopathy among low and high acquaintanceship dyads . Journal of Personality Assessment , 90 : 142 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exline , J. J. 2008 . “ Taming the wild ego ” . In Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego , Edited by: Wayment , H. A. and Bauer , J. A. 53 – 62 . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Exline , J. J. , Campbell , W. K. , Baumeister , R. F. , Joiner , T. , Krueger , J. and Kachorek , L. V. 2004 . “ Humility and modesty ” . In Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification , Edited by: Peterson , C. and Seligman , M. 461 – 475 . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Exline , J. J. and Geyer , A. L. 2004 . Perceptions of humility: A preliminary study . Self and Identity , 3 : 95 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehr , R. , Gelfand , M. J. and Nag , M. 2010 . The road to forgiveness: A meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates . Psychological Bulletin , 136 : 894 – 914 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraley , R. C. and Shaver , P. R. 2000 . Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions . Review of General Psychology , 4 : 132–154
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. 1998 . What good are positive emotions . Review of General Psychology , 2 : 300 – 319 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Funder , D. C. 1995 . On the accuracy of personality judgment: A realistic approach . Psychological Review , 102 : 652 – 670 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgeson , V. S. , Reynolds , K. A. and Tomich , P. L. 2006 . A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 : 797 – 816 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John , O. P. , Donahue , E. M. and Kentle , R. L. 1991 . The Big Five Inventory—Versions 4a and 5b , Berkley , CA : Institute of Personality and Social Research . University of California
   Google Scholar
• John , O. P. and Srivastava , S. 1999 . “ The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives ” . In Handbook of personality: Theory and research , (2nd ed , Edited by: Pervin , L. A. and John , O. P. 102 – 138 . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , K. J. and Fredrickson , B. L. 2005 . ‘We all look the same to me': Positive emotions eliminate the own-race bias in face recognition . Psychological Science , 16 : 875 – 881 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny , D. A. 1994 . Interpersonal perception , New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Kenny , D. A. 1995 . SOREMO Version V.2: A FORTRAN program for the analysis of round-robin data structures. Unpublished manuscript, University of Connecticut
   Google Scholar
• Kenny , D. A. 2004 . PERSON: A general model of interpersonal perception . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 8 : 265 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny , D. A. and La Voie , L. 1984 . “ The social relations model ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 18 , 142 – 182 . Orlando , FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kwan , V. S. Y. , Diaz , P. , Wojcik , S. P. , Kim , S. H. Y. , Matula , K. A. and Rodriguez , K. 2011 . Self as the target and the perceiver: A componential approach to self-enhancement . Psychological Studies , 56 : 151 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Kwan , V. S. Y. , John , O. P. , Kenny , D. A. , Bond , M. H. and Robins , R. W. 2004 . Reconceptualizing individual differences in self-enhancement bias: An interpersonal approach . Psychological Review , 111 : 94 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan , V. S. Y. , John , O. P. , Robins , R. W. and Kuang , L. L. 2008 . Conceptualizing and assessing self-enhancement bias: A componential approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 94 ( 6 ) : 1062 – 1077 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwang , T. and Swann , W. B. Jr. 2010 . Do people embrace praise even when they feel unworthy? A review of critical tests of self-enhancement versus self-verification . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 14 : 263 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , K. and Ashton , M. C. 2004 . Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 39 : 329 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. , Emmons , R. A. and Tsang , J.-A. 2002 . The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 82 : 112 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. , Luna , L. R. , Berry , J. W. , Tabak , B. A. and Bono , G. 2010 . On the form and function of forgiving: Modeling the time-forgiveness relationship and testing the valuable relationships hypothesis . Emotion , 10 : 358 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. , Rachal , K. C. , Sandage , S. J. , Worthington , E. L. Jr. , Brown , S. W. and Hight , T. L. 1998 . Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 1586 – 1603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. and Willoughby , B. L. B. 2009 . Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications . Psychological Bulletin , 135 : 69 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens , B. P. and Hekman , D. R. in press . Enacting humble leadership: An inductive examination of humble leader behaviors, outcomes, and contingencies . Academy of Management Journal ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , A. S. , Rowatt , W. C. and Johnson , M. K. 2011 . Associations between dispositional humility and social relationship quality . Psychology , 3 : 155 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Raskin , R. and Terry , H. 1988 . A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 890 – 902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins , R. W. and Beer , J. S. 2001 . Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 80 : 340 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowatt , W. C. , Ottenbreit , A. , Nesselroade , K. P. Jr. and Cunningham , P. A. 2002 . On being holier-than-thou or humbler-than-thee: A social-psychological perspective on religiousness and humility . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 41 : 227 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowatt , W. C. , Powers , C. , Targhetta , V. , Comer , J. , Kennedy , S. and Labouff , J. 2006 . Development and initial validation of an implicit measure of humility relative to arrogance . Journal of Positive Psychology , 1 : 198 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Sedikides , C. , Gregg , A. P. and Hart , C. M. 2007 . “ The importance of being modest ” . In The self: Frontiers in social psychology , Edited by: Sedikides , C. and Spencer , S. 285 – 324 . New York , NY : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tangney , J. P. 2000 . Humility: Theoretical perspectives, empirical findings and directions for future research . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 19 : 70 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangney , J. P. , Stuewig , J. and Mashek , D. J. 2007 . Moral emotions and moral behavior . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 : 345 – 372 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangney , J. P. 2009 . “ Humility ” . In Oxford handbook of positive psychology , Edited by: Lopez , S. J. and Snyder , C. R. 483 – 490 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Twenge , J. M. 2006 . Generation me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled—and more miserable than ever before , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Twenge , J. M. and Campbell , W. K. 2009 . The narcissism epidemic: Living in the age of enlightenment , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Twenge , J. M. , Konrath , S. , Foster , J. D. , Campbell , W. K. and Bushman , B. J. 2008 . Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory . Journal of Personality , 76 : 875 – 902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazire , S. 2010 . Who knows what about a person? The self–other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 98 : 281 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , T. D. 2009 . Know thyself . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 4 ( 4 ) : 384 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , T. D. and Dunn , E. W. 2004 . Self-knowledge: Its limits, value and potential for improvement . Annual Review of Psychology , 55 : 493 – 518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthington , E. L. Jr. 2009 . A just forgiveness: Responsible healing without excusing injustice , Downers Grove , IL : InterVarsity Press .
   Google Scholar