2,200
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Circumplex of identity formation modes: A proposal for the integration of identity constructs developed in the Erikson–Marcia tradition

&
Pages 37-61 | Received 14 Apr 2016, Accepted 18 Jul 2016, Published online: 11 Aug 2016

References

  • Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2014). Communal and agentic content in social cognition: A dual perspective model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 50, 195–255. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800284-1.00004-7
  • Adams, G. R., & Marshall, S. (1996). A developmental social psychology of identity: Understanding the person in context. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 1–14.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Avnet, T., & Higgins, E. T. (2003). Locomotion, assessment, and regulatory fit: Value transfer from “how” to “what”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 525–530. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00027-1
  • Barbieri, I., Zani, B., & Sonn, C. (2014). Meanings of community in contexts of multiculture: The role of citizenship, identity, and cultural changes. Journal of Community Psychology, 42, 980–996. doi:10.1002/jcop.21666
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1989a). The self as a theorist: Individual differences in identity formation. International Journal of Personal Construct Psychology, 2, 363–376. doi:10.1177/074355489272002
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1989b). Identity style: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 267–281. doi:10.1177/074355488943002
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1990). Self-construction over the life-span: A process perspective on identity formation. In G. J. Neimeyer & R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Advances in personal construct psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 155–186). Greenwich: JAI Press.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (2004). Identity processing style, self-construction, and personal epistemic assumptions: A social-cognitive perspective. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 303–315. doi:10.1080/17405620444000120
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (2011). A social-cognitive perspective on identity construction. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research: Structures and processes (Vol. 1, pp. 55–76). London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_3
  • Berzonsky, M. D., Cieciuch, J., Duriez, B., & Soenens, B. (2011). The how and what of identity formation: Associations between identity styles and value orientations. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 295–299. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.007
  • Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Smits, I., Papini, D. R., & Goossens, L. (2013). Development and validation of the revised Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5): Factor structure, re-liability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 25, 893–904. doi:10.1037/a0032642
  • Blatt, S. J., & Blass, R. B. (1996). Relatedness and self- definition: A dialectic model of personality development. In G.G. Noam & K.W. Fischer (Eds.), Development and vulnerabilities in close relationships (pp. 309–338). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Brown, B. B., Larson, R. W., & Saraswathi, T. S. (2002). The world’s youth: Adolescence in eight regions of the globe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Clancy, S. M., & Dollinger, S. J. (1993). Identity, self, and personality: I. Identity status and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3, 227–245.10.1207/jra.1993.3.issue-3
  • Copleston, F. (1958). A history of philosophy (Vol. 4). London: Search Press.
  • Côté, J. (2006). Identity: An international journal of theory and identity studies: How close are we to developing a social science of identity? – An appraisal of the field. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 6, 3–25. doi:10.1207/s1532706xid0601_2
  • Cramer, P. (2004). Identity change in adulthood: The contribution of defense mechanisms and life experiences. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 280–316. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00070-9
  • Crocetti, E., & Meeus, W. (2015). The identity statuses: Strengths of a person-centered approach. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 97–114). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936564.013.016
  • Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (2008). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 983–996. doi:10.1007/s10964-007-9222-2
  • Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 207–222. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.002
  • Crocetti, E., Sica, L. S., Schwart, S. J., Serafinie, T., & Meeus, W. (2013). Identity styles, dimensions, statuses, and functions: Making connections among identity conceptualizations. European Review of Applied Psychology, 63, 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.001
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the Big Five in a multi-informant sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 1138–1151. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138
  • DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B., & Higgins, D. M. (2002). Higher-order factors of the Big Five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 533–552. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00171-4
  • Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factor of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246–1256. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1246
  • Dittmar, H. (2011). Material and consumer identities. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research: Structures and processes (Vol. 1, pp. 31–53). London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_3
  • Dollinger, S. J., & Clancy Dollinger, S. M. (1997). Individuality and identity exploration: An autophotographic study. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 337–354. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1997.2182
  • Dunkel, C. S., Papini, D. R., & Berzonsky, M. D. (2008). Explaining differences in identity styles: Possible role of personality and aspects of family functioning. Identity, 8, 349–363. doi:10.1080/15283480802365338
  • Duriez, B., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2004). Personality, identity styles, and religiosity: An integrative study among late adolescents in Flanders (Belgium). Journal of Personality, 72, 877–910. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00284.x
  • Erikson, E. (1959). Identity and the life cycle. New York, NY: Norton.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
  • Grotevant, H. D. (1987). Toward a process model of identity formation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 2, 203–222. doi:10.1177/074355488723003
  • Habermas, T. (2011). Autobiographical reasoning: Mechanisms and functions. In T. Habermas (Ed.), The development of autobiographical reasoning in adolescence and beyond. New directions for child and adolescent development (Vol. 131, pp. 1–17). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Helgeson, V. S. (1994). Relation of agency and communion to well-being: Evidence and potential explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 412–428.10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.412
  • Higgins, E. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Pierro, A. (2003). Regulatory mode: Locomotion and assessment as distinct orientations. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 293–344.10.1016/S0065-2601(03)01005-0
  • van Hoof, A. (1999). The identity status field re-reviewed: An update of unresolved and neglected issues with a view on some alternative approaches. Developmental Review, 19, 497–556. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0484
  • Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G. C., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The interpersonal core of personality pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 270–295. doi:10.1521/pedi.2013.27.3.270
  • Karaś, D., & Cieciuch, J. (2015). A domain-specific approach to identity formation. Verification of the three-dimensional model in various life domains in a sample of young adults. Studia Psychologiczne, 53, 61–73. doi:10.2478/V1067-010-0140-5
  • Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Teppers, E., & de Fruyt, F. (2013). Associations of identity dimensions with Big Five personality domains and facets. European Journal of Personality, 27, 213–221. doi:10.1002/per.1853
  • Kłym, M., & Cieciuch, J. (2015). The early identity exploration scale – A measure of initial exploration in breadth during early adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00533
  • Korobov, N. (2015). Identities as an interactional process. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 201–227). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kroger, J., & Marcia, J. E. (2011). The identity statuses: Origins, meanings, and interpretations. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research: Structures and processes (Vol. 1, pp. 31–53). London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_3
  • Kroger, J., Martinussen, M., & Marcia, J. E. (2010). Identity status change during adolescence and young adulthood: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 683–698. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9
  • Kruglanski, A. W., Thompson, E. P., Higgins, E. T., Atash, M. N., Pierro, A., Shah, J. Y., & Spiegel, S. (2000). To “do the right thing” or to “just do it”: Locomotion and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 793–815. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.793
  • Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., van Geert, P., Bosma, H., & Kunnen, S. (2008). Time and identity: A framework for research and theory formation. Developmental Review, 28, 370–400. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2008.04.001
  • Lilgendahl, J. P. (2015). The dynamic role of identity processes in personality development: Theories, patterns, and new directions. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 490–507). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., Beyers, W., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Identity statuses based on 4 rather than 2 identity dimensions: Extending and refining Marcia’s paradigm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 605–618. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-8949-x
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., & Soenens, B. (2006). A developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation. Developmental Psychology, 42, 366–380. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.366
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2006). Unpacking commitment and exploration: Validation of an integrative model of adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 361–378. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.03.008
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 58–82. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004
  • Luyckx, K., Klimstra, T. A., Duriez, B., Schwartz, S. J., & Vanhalst, J. (2012). Identity processes and coping strategies in college students: Short-term longitudinal dynamics and the role of personality. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1226–1239. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9753-z
  • Luyckx, K., Teppers, E., Klimstra, T. A., & Rassart, J. (2014). Identity processes and personality traits and types in adolescence: Directionality of effects and developmental trajectories. Developmental Psychology, 50, 2144–2153. doi:10.1037/a0037256
  • Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551–558. doi:10.1037/h0023281
  • Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 159–187). New York, NY: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9780470479193
  • Marcia, J. E. (1993). The ego identity status approach to ego identity. In J. E. Marcia, A. S. Waterman, D. R. Matteson, S. L. Archer, & J. L. Orlofsky (Eds.), Ego Identity: A handbook for psychosocial research (pp. 3–21). New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8330-7_2
  • Mcadams, D. P. (1995). What do we know when we know a person? Journal of Personality, 63, 365–396. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00500.x
  • McAdams, D. P. D. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5, 100–122. doi:10.1037//I089-2680.5.2.100
  • McAdams, D. P. (2006). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176933.001.0001
  • McAdams, D., & Pals, J. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204
  • McLean, K., & Syed, M. (Eds.). (2015). The Oxford handbook of identity development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Meeus, W. (1996). Studies on identity development in adolescence: An overview of research and some new data. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 569–598. doi:10.1007/BF01537355
  • Meeus, W. (2011). The study of adolescent identity formation 2000–2010: A review of longitudinal research. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 75–94. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00716.x
  • Meeus, W. (2015). Why do young people become Jihadists? A theoretical account on radical identity development. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12, 275–281. doi:10.1080/17405629.2015.1024106
  • Merriam-Webster. Webster’s ninth new collegiate dictionary. (1989). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
  • Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1966/2000). La Psychologie de l’enfant [The psychology of the child]. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Pincus, A. L. (2011). Some comments on nomology, diagnostic process, and narcissistic personality disorder in the DSM-5 proposal for personality and personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2, 41–53.10.1037/a0021191
  • Pinquart, M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2005). Understanding social change in conducting research on adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15, 395–405.10.1111/jora.2005.15.issue-4
  • Saucier, G., Thalmayer, A. G., Payne, D. L., Carlson, R., Sanogo, L., Ole-Kotikash, L., … Zhou, X. (2014). A basic bivariate structure of personality attributes evident across nine languages. Journal of Personality, 82, 1–14. doi:10.1111/jopy.12028
  • Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., … Konty, M. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 663–688. doi:10.1037/a0029393
  • Schwartz, S. J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian identity theory and research. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 1, 7–58. doi:10.1207/S1532706XSCHWARTZ
  • Schwartz, S. J., Dunkel, C. S., & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An identity theory perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32, 537–559. doi:10.1080/10576100902888453
  • Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., & Vignoles, V. L. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of identity theory and research. New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1177/0894318411409427
  • Simsek, Ö. F. (2012). Higher-order factors of personality in self-report data: Self-esteem really matters. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 568–573. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.023
  • Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011). When is identity congruent with the self? A self-determination theory perspective. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research: Structures and processes (Vol. 1, pp. 31–53). London: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_3
  • Stephen, J., Fraser, E., & Marcia, J. E. (1992). Moratorium-achievement (Mama) cycles in lifespan identity development: Value orientations and reasoning system correlates. Journal of Adolescence, 15, 283–300. doi:10.1016/0140-1971(92)90031-Y
  • Strus, W., Cieciuch, J., & Rowiński, T. (2014a). Circumplex structure of personality traits measured by the IPIP-45AB5C questionnaire in Poland. Personality and Individual Differences, 71, 77–82. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.018
  • Strus, W., Cieciuch, J., & Rowiński, T. (2014b). The circumplex of personality metatraits: A synthesizing model of personality based on the Big Five. Review of General Psychology, 18, 273–286. doi:10.1037/gpr0000017
  • Trempała, J. (2004). Deregulation of life course and adolescents’ life goals. The New Educational Review, 3, 11–30.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1982). Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a review of research. Developmental Psychology, 18, 342–358. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.18.3.341
  • Waterman, A. S. (1988). Identity status theory and Erikson’s theory: Commonalties and differences. Developmental Review, 8, 185–208. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(88)90003-2
  • Waterman, A. S. (2015). Identity as internal processes: How the “I” comes to define the “Me”. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 195–209). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Whitbourne, S. K., Sneed, J. R., & Skultety, K. M. (2002). Identity processes in adulthood: Theoretical and methodological challenges. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2, 29–45. doi:10.1207/S1532706XID0201_03
  • Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understanding and measurement of interpersonal behavior. In W. W. Grove & D. Cicchetti (Eds.), Thinking clearly about psychology. Personality and psychotherapy (Vol. 2, pp. 89−113). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Wrosch, C., & Freund, A. M. (2001). Self-regulation of normative and non-normative developmental challenges. Human Development, 44, 264–283. doi:10.1159/000057066

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.